| CIS Critical Security Controls | |
|---|---|
|
The CIS Critical Security Controls is a prioritized set of actions to help guide organizations in their mission to protect data from cyber-attack vectors. The CIS Critical Security Controls are organized into Implementation Groups, a subset of Controls broadly assessed by community consensus to be applicable to organizations with similar risk profiles. Implementation Group 1 (IG-1) is defined as the foundational set of cyber defense Safeguards that every enterprise should apply to guard against the most common attacks. CIS Benchmarks best practice guidance help organizations establish system configuration health (CIS Control 4). Most best practice recommendations within a CIS Benchmark are mapped to one or more CIS Control Safeguards. To help each organization prioritize remediation efforts, we've added a filter that allows you to focus on "Fail" results where CIS Controls mappings exist that fall into IG-1. Use this filter to help you focus on what to remediate first. |
|
Security Configuration Assessment Report
for instance
- Target IP Address: ubuntu:34.22.239.243:22
CIS Ubuntu Linux 20.04 LTS Benchmark v1.1.0
- Level 2 - Server
- Sunday, February 19 2023 20:01:49
- Assessment Duration: 4 minutes, 34 seconds
Summary
| Description | Tests | Scoring | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pass | Fail | Error | Unkn. | Man. | Score | Max | Percent | |
| 1 Initial Setup | 38 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 38.0 | 48.0 | 79% |
| 1.1 Filesystem Configuration | 20 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 20.0 | 26.0 | 77% |
| 1.1.1 Disable unused filesystems | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 100% |
| 1.2 Configure Software Updates | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0% |
| 1.3 Filesystem Integrity Checking | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 100% |
| 1.4 Secure Boot Settings | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 75% |
| 1.5 Additional Process Hardening | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 100% |
| 1.6 Mandatory Access Control | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.0 | 4.0 | 25% |
| 1.6.1 Configure AppArmor | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.0 | 4.0 | 25% |
| 1.7 Command Line Warning Banners | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 100% |
| 1.8 GNOME Display Manager | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 100% |
| 2 Services | 25 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 25.0 | 26.0 | 96% |
| 2.1 Special Purpose Services | 19 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19.0 | 20.0 | 95% |
| 2.1.1 Time Synchronization | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 100% |
| 2.2 Service Clients | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 100% |
| 3 Network Configuration | 35 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 35.0 | 38.0 | 92% |
| 3.1 Disable unused network protocols and devices | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 100% |
| 3.2 Network Parameters (Host Only) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 100% |
| 3.3 Network Parameters (Host and Router) | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 89% |
| 3.4 Uncommon Network Protocols | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 100% |
| 3.5 Firewall Configuration | 20 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 20.0 | 22.0 | 91% |
| 3.5.1 Configure UncomplicatedFirewall | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3.0 | 5.0 | 60% |
| 3.5.2 Configure nftables | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 100% |
| 3.5.3 Configure iptables | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 100% |
| 3.5.3.1 Configure iptables software | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 100% |
| 3.5.3.2 Configure IPv4 iptables | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 100% |
| 3.5.3.3 Configure IPv6 ip6tables | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 100% |
| 4 Logging and Auditing | 13 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 13.0 | 31.0 | 42% |
| 4.1 Configure System Accounting (auditd) | 7 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7.0 | 22.0 | 32% |
| 4.1.1 Ensure auditing is enabled | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 75% |
| 4.1.2 Configure Data Retention | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 100% |
| 4.2 Configure Logging | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 75% |
| 4.2.1 Configure rsyslog | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 75% |
| 4.2.2 Configure journald | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 67% |
| 5 Access, Authentication and Authorization | 37 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 37.0 | 48.0 | 77% |
| 5.1 Configure time-based job schedulers | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 100% |
| 5.2 Configure sudo | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 100% |
| 5.3 Configure SSH Server | 19 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19.0 | 22.0 | 86% |
| 5.4 Configure PAM | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.0 | 4.0 | 25% |
| 5.5 User Accounts and Environment | 4 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.0 | 9.0 | 44% |
| 5.5.1 Set Shadow Password Suite Parameters | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.0 | 5.0 | 40% |
| 6 System Maintenance | 27 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 27.0 | 28.0 | 96% |
| 6.1 System File Permissions | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 10.0 | 11.0 | 91% |
| 6.2 User and Group Settings | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 17.0 | 17.0 | 100% |
| Total | 175 | 44 | 0 | 0 | 24 | 175.0 | 219.0 | 80% |
Note: Actual scores are subject to rounding errors. The sum of these values may not result in the exact overall score.
Profiles
This benchmark contains 4 profiles.The Level 2 - Server profile was used for this assessment.
| Title | Description |
|---|---|
| Level 1 - Server |
Items in this profile intend to:
This profile is intended for servers. Show Profile XML
<xccdf:Profile xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:sce="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE_xccdf_stream"
xmlns:cat="urn:oasis:names:tc:entity:xmlns:xml:catalog"
xmlns:ds="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_profile_Level_1_-_Server">
<xccdf:title xml:lang="en">Level 1 - Server</xccdf:title>
<xccdf:description xml:lang="en">
<xhtml:p>Items in this profile intend to:</xhtml:p>
<xhtml:ul>
<xhtml:li>be practical and prudent;</xhtml:li>
<xhtml:li>provide a clear security benefit; and</xhtml:li>
<xhtml:li>not inhibit the utility of the technology beyond acceptable means.</xhtml:li>
</xhtml:ul>
<xhtml:p>This profile is intended for servers.</xhtml:p>
</xccdf:description>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.1_Ensure_mounting_of_cramfs_filesystems_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.2_Ensure_mounting_of_freevxfs_filesystems_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.3_Ensure_mounting_of_jffs2_filesystems_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.4_Ensure_mounting_of_hfs_filesystems_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.5_Ensure_mounting_of_hfsplus_filesystems_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.7_Ensure_mounting_of_udf_filesystems_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2_Ensure_tmp_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.3_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_tmp_partition"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.4_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_tmp_partition"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.5_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_tmp_partition"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.6_Ensure_devshm_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.7_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_devshm_partition"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.8_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_devshm_partition"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.9_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_devshm_partition"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.12_Ensure_vartmp_partition_includes_the_nodev_option"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.13_Ensure_vartmp_partition_includes_the_nosuid_option"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.14_Ensure_vartmp_partition_includes_the_noexec_option"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.18_Ensure_home_partition_includes_the_nodev_option"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.19_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_removable_media_partitions"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.20_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_removable_media_partitions"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.21_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_removable_media_partitions"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.22_Ensure_sticky_bit_is_set_on_all_world-writable_directories"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.23_Disable_Automounting"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.24_Disable_USB_Storage"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.2.1_Ensure_package_manager_repositories_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.2.2_Ensure_GPG_keys_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.3.1_Ensure_AIDE_is_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.3.2_Ensure_filesystem_integrity_is_regularly_checked"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.1_Ensure_permissions_on_bootloader_config_are_not_overridden"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.2_Ensure_bootloader_password_is_set"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.3_Ensure_permissions_on_bootloader_config_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.4_Ensure_authentication_required_for_single_user_mode"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.1_Ensure_XDNX_support_is_enabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.2_Ensure_address_space_layout_randomization_ASLR_is_enabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.3_Ensure_prelink_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.4_Ensure_core_dumps_are_restricted"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.1.1_Ensure_AppArmor_is_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.1.2_Ensure_AppArmor_is_enabled_in_the_bootloader_configuration"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.1.3_Ensure_all_AppArmor_Profiles_are_in_enforce_or_complain_mode"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.1_Ensure_message_of_the_day_is_configured_properly"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.2_Ensure_local_login_warning_banner_is_configured_properly"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.3_Ensure_remote_login_warning_banner_is_configured_properly"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.4_Ensure_permissions_on_etcmotd_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.5_Ensure_permissions_on_etcissue_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.6_Ensure_permissions_on_etcissue.net_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.2_Ensure_GDM_login_banner_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.3_Ensure_disable-user-list_is_enabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.4_Ensure_XDCMP_is_not_enabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.9_Ensure_updates_patches_and_additional_security_software_are_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.1.1_Ensure_time_synchronization_is_in_use"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.1.2_Ensure_systemd-timesyncd_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.1.3_Ensure_chrony_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.1.4_Ensure_ntp_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.2_Ensure_X_Window_System_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.3_Ensure_Avahi_Server_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.4_Ensure_CUPS_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.5_Ensure_DHCP_Server_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.6_Ensure_LDAP_server_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.7_Ensure_NFS_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.8_Ensure_DNS_Server_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.9_Ensure_FTP_Server_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.10_Ensure_HTTP_server_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.11_Ensure_IMAP_and_POP3_server_are_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.12_Ensure_Samba_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.13_Ensure_HTTP_Proxy_Server_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.14_Ensure_SNMP_Server_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.15_Ensure_mail_transfer_agent_is_configured_for_local-only_mode"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.16_Ensure_rsync_service_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.17_Ensure_NIS_Server_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.1_Ensure_NIS_Client_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.2_Ensure_rsh_client_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.3_Ensure_talk_client_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.4_Ensure_telnet_client_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.5_Ensure_LDAP_client_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.6_Ensure__RPC_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.3_Ensure_nonessential_services_are_removed_or_masked"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.1.2_Ensure_wireless_interfaces_are_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.2.1_Ensure_packet_redirect_sending_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.2.2_Ensure_IP_forwarding_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.1_Ensure_source_routed_packets_are_not_accepted"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.2_Ensure_ICMP_redirects_are_not_accepted"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.3_Ensure_secure_ICMP_redirects_are_not_accepted"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.4_Ensure_suspicious_packets_are_logged"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.5_Ensure_broadcast_ICMP_requests_are_ignored"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.6_Ensure_bogus_ICMP_responses_are_ignored"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.7_Ensure_Reverse_Path_Filtering_is_enabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.8_Ensure_TCP_SYN_Cookies_is_enabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.9_Ensure_IPv6_router_advertisements_are_not_accepted"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.1_Ensure_ufw_is_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.2_Ensure_iptables-persistent_is_not_installed_with_ufw"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.3_Ensure_ufw_service_is_enabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.4_Ensure_ufw_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.5_Ensure_ufw_outbound_connections_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.6_Ensure_ufw_firewall_rules_exist_for_all_open_ports"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.7_Ensure_ufw_default_deny_firewall_policy"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.1_Ensure_nftables_is_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.2_Ensure_ufw_is_uninstalled_or_disabled_with_nftables"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.3_Ensure_iptables_are_flushed_with_nftables"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.4_Ensure_a_nftables_table_exists"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.5_Ensure_nftables_base_chains_exist"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.6_Ensure_nftables_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.7_Ensure_nftables_outbound_and_established_connections_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.8_Ensure_nftables_default_deny_firewall_policy"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.9_Ensure_nftables_service_is_enabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.10_Ensure_nftables_rules_are_permanent"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.1.1_Ensure_iptables_packages_are_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.1.2_Ensure_nftables_is_not_installed_with_iptables"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.1.3_Ensure_ufw_is_uninstalled_or_disabled_with_iptables"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.2.1_Ensure_iptables_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.2.2_Ensure_iptables_outbound_and_established_connections_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.2.3_Ensure_iptables_default_deny_firewall_policy"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.2.4_Ensure_iptables_firewall_rules_exist_for_all_open_ports"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.3.1_Ensure_ip6tables_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.3.2_Ensure_ip6tables_outbound_and_established_connections_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.3.3_Ensure_ip6tables_default_deny_firewall_policy"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.3.4_Ensure_ip6tables_firewall_rules_exist_for_all_open_ports"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.1_Ensure_rsyslog_is_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.2_Ensure_rsyslog_Service_is_enabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.3_Ensure_logging_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.4_Ensure_rsyslog_default_file_permissions_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.5_Ensure_rsyslog_is_configured_to_send_logs_to_a_remote_log_host"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.6_Ensure_remote_rsyslog_messages_are_only_accepted_on_designated_log_hosts."
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.2.1_Ensure_journald_is_configured_to_send_logs_to_rsyslog"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.2.2_Ensure_journald_is_configured_to_compress_large_log_files"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.2.3_Ensure_journald_is_configured_to_write_logfiles_to_persistent_disk"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.3_Ensure_permissions_on_all_logfiles_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.3_Ensure_logrotate_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.4_Ensure_logrotate_assigns_appropriate_permissions"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1_Ensure_cron_daemon_is_enabled_and_running"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.2_Ensure_permissions_on_etccrontab_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.3_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.hourly_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.4_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.daily_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.5_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.weekly_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.6_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.monthly_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.7_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.d_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.8_Ensure_cron_is_restricted_to_authorized_users"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.9_Ensure_at_is_restricted_to_authorized_users"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.1_Ensure_sudo_is_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.2_Ensure_sudo_commands_use_pty"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3_Ensure_sudo_log_file_exists"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.1_Ensure_permissions_on_etcsshsshd_config_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.2_Ensure_permissions_on_SSH_private_host_key_files_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.3_Ensure_permissions_on_SSH_public_host_key_files_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.4_Ensure_SSH_access_is_limited"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.5_Ensure_SSH_LogLevel_is_appropriate"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.7_Ensure_SSH_MaxAuthTries_is_set_to_4_or_less"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.8_Ensure_SSH_IgnoreRhosts_is_enabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.9_Ensure_SSH_HostbasedAuthentication_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.10_Ensure_SSH_root_login_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.11_Ensure_SSH_PermitEmptyPasswords_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.12_Ensure_SSH_PermitUserEnvironment_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.13_Ensure_only_strong_Ciphers_are_used"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.14_Ensure_only_strong_MAC_algorithms_are_used"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.15_Ensure_only_strong_Key_Exchange_algorithms_are_used"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.16_Ensure_SSH_Idle_Timeout_Interval_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.17_Ensure_SSH_LoginGraceTime_is_set_to_one_minute_or_less"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.18_Ensure_SSH_warning_banner_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.19_Ensure_SSH_PAM_is_enabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.21_Ensure_SSH_MaxStartups_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.22_Ensure_SSH_MaxSessions_is_limited"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.4.1_Ensure_password_creation_requirements_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.4.2_Ensure_lockout_for_failed_password_attempts_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.4.3_Ensure_password_reuse_is_limited"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.4.4_Ensure_password_hashing_algorithm_is_SHA-512"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.1.1_Ensure_minimum_days_between_password_changes_is__configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.1.2_Ensure_password_expiration_is_365_days_or_less"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.1.3_Ensure_password_expiration_warning_days_is_7_or_more"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.1.4_Ensure_inactive_password_lock_is_30_days_or_less"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.1.5_Ensure_all_users_last_password_change_date_is_in_the_past"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.2_Ensure_system_accounts_are_secured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.3_Ensure_default_group_for_the_root_account_is_GID_0"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.4_Ensure_default_user_umask_is_027_or_more_restrictive"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.5_Ensure_default_user_shell_timeout_is_900_seconds_or_less"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.6_Ensure_root_login_is_restricted_to_system_console"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.7_Ensure_access_to_the_su_command_is_restricted"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.2_Ensure_permissions_on_etcpasswd_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.3_Ensure_permissions_on_etcpasswd-_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.4_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgroup_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.5_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgroup-_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.6_Ensure_permissions_on_etcshadow_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.7_Ensure_permissions_on_etcshadow-_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.8_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgshadow_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.9_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgshadow-_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.10_Ensure_no_world_writable_files_exist"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.11_Ensure_no_unowned_files_or_directories_exist"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.12_Ensure_no_ungrouped_files_or_directories_exist"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.13_Audit_SUID_executables"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.14_Audit_SGID_executables"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.1_Ensure_accounts_in_etcpasswd_use_shadowed_passwords"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.2_Ensure_password_fields_are_not_empty"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.3_Ensure_all_groups_in_etcpasswd_exist_in_etcgroup"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.4_Ensure_all_users_home_directories_exist"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.5_Ensure_users_own_their_home_directories"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.6_Ensure_users_home_directories_permissions_are_750_or_more_restrictive"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.7_Ensure_users_dot_files_are_not_group_or_world_writable"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.8_Ensure_no_users_have_.netrc_files"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.9_Ensure_no_users_have_.forward_files"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.10_Ensure_no_users_have_.rhosts_files"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.11_Ensure_root_is_the_only_UID_0_account"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.12_Ensure_root_PATH_Integrity"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.13_Ensure_no_duplicate_UIDs_exist"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.14_Ensure_no_duplicate_GIDs_exist"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.15_Ensure_no_duplicate_user_names_exist"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.16_Ensure_no_duplicate_group_names_exist"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.17_Ensure_shadow_group_is_empty"
selected="true"/>
</xccdf:Profile>
|
| Level 2 - Server |
This profile extends the "Level 1 - Server" profile. Items in this profile exhibit one or more of the following characteristics:
This profile is intended for servers. Show Profile XML
<xccdf:Profile xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:sce="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE_xccdf_stream"
xmlns:cat="urn:oasis:names:tc:entity:xmlns:xml:catalog"
xmlns:ds="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_profile_Level_2_-_Server">
<xccdf:title xml:lang="en">Level 2 - Server</xccdf:title>
<xccdf:description xml:lang="en">
<xhtml:p>This profile extends the "Level 1 - Server" profile. Items in this profile exhibit one or more of the following characteristics:</xhtml:p>
<xhtml:ul>
<xhtml:li>are intended for environments or use cases where security is paramount.</xhtml:li>
<xhtml:li>acts as defense in depth measure.</xhtml:li>
<xhtml:li>may negatively inhibit the utility or performance of the technology.</xhtml:li>
</xhtml:ul>
<xhtml:p>This profile is intended for servers.</xhtml:p>
</xccdf:description>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.1_Ensure_mounting_of_cramfs_filesystems_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.2_Ensure_mounting_of_freevxfs_filesystems_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.3_Ensure_mounting_of_jffs2_filesystems_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.4_Ensure_mounting_of_hfs_filesystems_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.5_Ensure_mounting_of_hfsplus_filesystems_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.6_Ensure_mounting_of_squashfs_filesystems_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.7_Ensure_mounting_of_udf_filesystems_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2_Ensure_tmp_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.3_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_tmp_partition"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.4_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_tmp_partition"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.5_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_tmp_partition"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.6_Ensure_devshm_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.7_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_devshm_partition"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.8_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_devshm_partition"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.9_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_devshm_partition"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.10_Ensure_separate_partition_exists_for_var"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.11_Ensure_separate_partition_exists_for_vartmp"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.12_Ensure_vartmp_partition_includes_the_nodev_option"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.13_Ensure_vartmp_partition_includes_the_nosuid_option"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.14_Ensure_vartmp_partition_includes_the_noexec_option"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.15_Ensure_separate_partition_exists_for_varlog"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.16_Ensure_separate_partition_exists_for_varlogaudit"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.17_Ensure_separate_partition_exists_for_home"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.18_Ensure_home_partition_includes_the_nodev_option"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.19_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_removable_media_partitions"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.20_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_removable_media_partitions"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.21_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_removable_media_partitions"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.22_Ensure_sticky_bit_is_set_on_all_world-writable_directories"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.23_Disable_Automounting"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.24_Disable_USB_Storage"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.2.1_Ensure_package_manager_repositories_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.2.2_Ensure_GPG_keys_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.3.1_Ensure_AIDE_is_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.3.2_Ensure_filesystem_integrity_is_regularly_checked"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.1_Ensure_permissions_on_bootloader_config_are_not_overridden"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.2_Ensure_bootloader_password_is_set"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.3_Ensure_permissions_on_bootloader_config_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.4_Ensure_authentication_required_for_single_user_mode"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.1_Ensure_XDNX_support_is_enabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.2_Ensure_address_space_layout_randomization_ASLR_is_enabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.3_Ensure_prelink_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.4_Ensure_core_dumps_are_restricted"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.1.1_Ensure_AppArmor_is_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.1.2_Ensure_AppArmor_is_enabled_in_the_bootloader_configuration"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.1.3_Ensure_all_AppArmor_Profiles_are_in_enforce_or_complain_mode"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.1.4_Ensure_all_AppArmor_Profiles_are_enforcing"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.1_Ensure_message_of_the_day_is_configured_properly"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.2_Ensure_local_login_warning_banner_is_configured_properly"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.3_Ensure_remote_login_warning_banner_is_configured_properly"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.4_Ensure_permissions_on_etcmotd_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.5_Ensure_permissions_on_etcissue_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.6_Ensure_permissions_on_etcissue.net_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.1_Ensure_GNOME_Display_Manager_is_removed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.2_Ensure_GDM_login_banner_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.3_Ensure_disable-user-list_is_enabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.4_Ensure_XDCMP_is_not_enabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.9_Ensure_updates_patches_and_additional_security_software_are_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.1.1_Ensure_time_synchronization_is_in_use"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.1.2_Ensure_systemd-timesyncd_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.1.3_Ensure_chrony_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.1.4_Ensure_ntp_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.2_Ensure_X_Window_System_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.3_Ensure_Avahi_Server_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.4_Ensure_CUPS_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.5_Ensure_DHCP_Server_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.6_Ensure_LDAP_server_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.7_Ensure_NFS_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.8_Ensure_DNS_Server_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.9_Ensure_FTP_Server_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.10_Ensure_HTTP_server_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.11_Ensure_IMAP_and_POP3_server_are_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.12_Ensure_Samba_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.13_Ensure_HTTP_Proxy_Server_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.14_Ensure_SNMP_Server_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.15_Ensure_mail_transfer_agent_is_configured_for_local-only_mode"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.16_Ensure_rsync_service_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.17_Ensure_NIS_Server_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.1_Ensure_NIS_Client_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.2_Ensure_rsh_client_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.3_Ensure_talk_client_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.4_Ensure_telnet_client_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.5_Ensure_LDAP_client_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.6_Ensure__RPC_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.3_Ensure_nonessential_services_are_removed_or_masked"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.1.1_Disable_IPv6"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.1.2_Ensure_wireless_interfaces_are_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.2.1_Ensure_packet_redirect_sending_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.2.2_Ensure_IP_forwarding_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.1_Ensure_source_routed_packets_are_not_accepted"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.2_Ensure_ICMP_redirects_are_not_accepted"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.3_Ensure_secure_ICMP_redirects_are_not_accepted"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.4_Ensure_suspicious_packets_are_logged"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.5_Ensure_broadcast_ICMP_requests_are_ignored"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.6_Ensure_bogus_ICMP_responses_are_ignored"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.7_Ensure_Reverse_Path_Filtering_is_enabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.8_Ensure_TCP_SYN_Cookies_is_enabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.9_Ensure_IPv6_router_advertisements_are_not_accepted"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.1_Ensure_DCCP_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2_Ensure_SCTP_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3_Ensure_RDS_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.4_Ensure_TIPC_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.1_Ensure_ufw_is_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.2_Ensure_iptables-persistent_is_not_installed_with_ufw"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.3_Ensure_ufw_service_is_enabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.4_Ensure_ufw_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.5_Ensure_ufw_outbound_connections_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.6_Ensure_ufw_firewall_rules_exist_for_all_open_ports"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.7_Ensure_ufw_default_deny_firewall_policy"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.1_Ensure_nftables_is_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.2_Ensure_ufw_is_uninstalled_or_disabled_with_nftables"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.3_Ensure_iptables_are_flushed_with_nftables"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.4_Ensure_a_nftables_table_exists"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.5_Ensure_nftables_base_chains_exist"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.6_Ensure_nftables_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.7_Ensure_nftables_outbound_and_established_connections_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.8_Ensure_nftables_default_deny_firewall_policy"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.9_Ensure_nftables_service_is_enabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.10_Ensure_nftables_rules_are_permanent"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.1.1_Ensure_iptables_packages_are_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.1.2_Ensure_nftables_is_not_installed_with_iptables"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.1.3_Ensure_ufw_is_uninstalled_or_disabled_with_iptables"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.2.1_Ensure_iptables_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.2.2_Ensure_iptables_outbound_and_established_connections_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.2.3_Ensure_iptables_default_deny_firewall_policy"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.2.4_Ensure_iptables_firewall_rules_exist_for_all_open_ports"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.3.1_Ensure_ip6tables_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.3.2_Ensure_ip6tables_outbound_and_established_connections_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.3.3_Ensure_ip6tables_default_deny_firewall_policy"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.3.4_Ensure_ip6tables_firewall_rules_exist_for_all_open_ports"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.1.1_Ensure_auditd_is_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.1.2_Ensure_auditd_service_is_enabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.1.3_Ensure_auditing_for_processes_that_start_prior_to_auditd_is_enabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.1.4_Ensure_audit_backlog_limit_is_sufficient"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.2.1_Ensure_audit_log_storage_size_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.2.2_Ensure_audit_logs_are_not_automatically_deleted"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.2.3_Ensure_system_is_disabled_when_audit_logs_are_full"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.3_Ensure_events_that_modify_date_and_time_information_are_collected"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.4_Ensure_events_that_modify_usergroup_information_are_collected"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.5_Ensure_events_that_modify_the_systems_network_environment_are_collected"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.6_Ensure_events_that_modify_the_systems_Mandatory_Access_Controls_are_collected"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.7_Ensure_login_and_logout_events_are_collected"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.8_Ensure_session_initiation_information_is_collected"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.9_Ensure_discretionary_access_control_permission_modification_events_are_collected"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.10_Ensure_unsuccessful_unauthorized_file_access_attempts_are_collected"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.11_Ensure_use_of_privileged_commands_is_collected"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.12_Ensure_successful_file_system_mounts_are_collected"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.13_Ensure_file_deletion_events_by_users_are_collected"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.14_Ensure_changes_to_system_administration_scope_sudoers_is_collected"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.15_Ensure_system_administrator_command_executions_sudo_are_collected"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.16_Ensure_kernel_module_loading_and_unloading_is_collected"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.17_Ensure_the_audit_configuration_is_immutable"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.1_Ensure_rsyslog_is_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.2_Ensure_rsyslog_Service_is_enabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.3_Ensure_logging_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.4_Ensure_rsyslog_default_file_permissions_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.5_Ensure_rsyslog_is_configured_to_send_logs_to_a_remote_log_host"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.6_Ensure_remote_rsyslog_messages_are_only_accepted_on_designated_log_hosts."
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.2.1_Ensure_journald_is_configured_to_send_logs_to_rsyslog"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.2.2_Ensure_journald_is_configured_to_compress_large_log_files"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.2.3_Ensure_journald_is_configured_to_write_logfiles_to_persistent_disk"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.3_Ensure_permissions_on_all_logfiles_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.3_Ensure_logrotate_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.4_Ensure_logrotate_assigns_appropriate_permissions"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1_Ensure_cron_daemon_is_enabled_and_running"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.2_Ensure_permissions_on_etccrontab_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.3_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.hourly_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.4_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.daily_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.5_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.weekly_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.6_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.monthly_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.7_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.d_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.8_Ensure_cron_is_restricted_to_authorized_users"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.9_Ensure_at_is_restricted_to_authorized_users"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.1_Ensure_sudo_is_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.2_Ensure_sudo_commands_use_pty"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3_Ensure_sudo_log_file_exists"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.1_Ensure_permissions_on_etcsshsshd_config_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.2_Ensure_permissions_on_SSH_private_host_key_files_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.3_Ensure_permissions_on_SSH_public_host_key_files_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.4_Ensure_SSH_access_is_limited"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.5_Ensure_SSH_LogLevel_is_appropriate"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.6_Ensure_SSH_X11_forwarding_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.7_Ensure_SSH_MaxAuthTries_is_set_to_4_or_less"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.8_Ensure_SSH_IgnoreRhosts_is_enabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.9_Ensure_SSH_HostbasedAuthentication_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.10_Ensure_SSH_root_login_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.11_Ensure_SSH_PermitEmptyPasswords_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.12_Ensure_SSH_PermitUserEnvironment_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.13_Ensure_only_strong_Ciphers_are_used"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.14_Ensure_only_strong_MAC_algorithms_are_used"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.15_Ensure_only_strong_Key_Exchange_algorithms_are_used"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.16_Ensure_SSH_Idle_Timeout_Interval_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.17_Ensure_SSH_LoginGraceTime_is_set_to_one_minute_or_less"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.18_Ensure_SSH_warning_banner_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.19_Ensure_SSH_PAM_is_enabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.20_Ensure_SSH_AllowTcpForwarding_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.21_Ensure_SSH_MaxStartups_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.22_Ensure_SSH_MaxSessions_is_limited"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.4.1_Ensure_password_creation_requirements_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.4.2_Ensure_lockout_for_failed_password_attempts_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.4.3_Ensure_password_reuse_is_limited"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.4.4_Ensure_password_hashing_algorithm_is_SHA-512"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.1.1_Ensure_minimum_days_between_password_changes_is__configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.1.2_Ensure_password_expiration_is_365_days_or_less"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.1.3_Ensure_password_expiration_warning_days_is_7_or_more"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.1.4_Ensure_inactive_password_lock_is_30_days_or_less"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.1.5_Ensure_all_users_last_password_change_date_is_in_the_past"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.2_Ensure_system_accounts_are_secured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.3_Ensure_default_group_for_the_root_account_is_GID_0"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.4_Ensure_default_user_umask_is_027_or_more_restrictive"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.5_Ensure_default_user_shell_timeout_is_900_seconds_or_less"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.6_Ensure_root_login_is_restricted_to_system_console"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.7_Ensure_access_to_the_su_command_is_restricted"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.1_Audit_system_file_permissions"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.2_Ensure_permissions_on_etcpasswd_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.3_Ensure_permissions_on_etcpasswd-_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.4_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgroup_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.5_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgroup-_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.6_Ensure_permissions_on_etcshadow_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.7_Ensure_permissions_on_etcshadow-_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.8_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgshadow_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.9_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgshadow-_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.10_Ensure_no_world_writable_files_exist"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.11_Ensure_no_unowned_files_or_directories_exist"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.12_Ensure_no_ungrouped_files_or_directories_exist"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.13_Audit_SUID_executables"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.14_Audit_SGID_executables"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.1_Ensure_accounts_in_etcpasswd_use_shadowed_passwords"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.2_Ensure_password_fields_are_not_empty"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.3_Ensure_all_groups_in_etcpasswd_exist_in_etcgroup"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.4_Ensure_all_users_home_directories_exist"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.5_Ensure_users_own_their_home_directories"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.6_Ensure_users_home_directories_permissions_are_750_or_more_restrictive"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.7_Ensure_users_dot_files_are_not_group_or_world_writable"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.8_Ensure_no_users_have_.netrc_files"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.9_Ensure_no_users_have_.forward_files"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.10_Ensure_no_users_have_.rhosts_files"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.11_Ensure_root_is_the_only_UID_0_account"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.12_Ensure_root_PATH_Integrity"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.13_Ensure_no_duplicate_UIDs_exist"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.14_Ensure_no_duplicate_GIDs_exist"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.15_Ensure_no_duplicate_user_names_exist"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.16_Ensure_no_duplicate_group_names_exist"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.17_Ensure_shadow_group_is_empty"
selected="true"/>
</xccdf:Profile>
|
| Level 1 - Workstation |
Items in this profile intend to:
This profile is intended for workstations. Show Profile XML
<xccdf:Profile xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:sce="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE_xccdf_stream"
xmlns:cat="urn:oasis:names:tc:entity:xmlns:xml:catalog"
xmlns:ds="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_profile_Level_1_-_Workstation">
<xccdf:title xml:lang="en">Level 1 - Workstation</xccdf:title>
<xccdf:description xml:lang="en">
<xhtml:p>Items in this profile intend to:</xhtml:p>
<xhtml:ul>
<xhtml:li>be practical and prudent;</xhtml:li>
<xhtml:li>provide a clear security benefit; and</xhtml:li>
<xhtml:li>not inhibit the utility of the technology beyond acceptable means.</xhtml:li>
</xhtml:ul>
<xhtml:p>This profile is intended for workstations.</xhtml:p>
</xccdf:description>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.1_Ensure_mounting_of_cramfs_filesystems_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.2_Ensure_mounting_of_freevxfs_filesystems_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.3_Ensure_mounting_of_jffs2_filesystems_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.4_Ensure_mounting_of_hfs_filesystems_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.5_Ensure_mounting_of_hfsplus_filesystems_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.7_Ensure_mounting_of_udf_filesystems_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2_Ensure_tmp_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.3_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_tmp_partition"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.4_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_tmp_partition"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.5_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_tmp_partition"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.6_Ensure_devshm_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.7_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_devshm_partition"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.8_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_devshm_partition"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.9_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_devshm_partition"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.12_Ensure_vartmp_partition_includes_the_nodev_option"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.13_Ensure_vartmp_partition_includes_the_nosuid_option"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.14_Ensure_vartmp_partition_includes_the_noexec_option"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.18_Ensure_home_partition_includes_the_nodev_option"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.19_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_removable_media_partitions"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.20_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_removable_media_partitions"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.21_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_removable_media_partitions"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.22_Ensure_sticky_bit_is_set_on_all_world-writable_directories"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.2.1_Ensure_package_manager_repositories_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.2.2_Ensure_GPG_keys_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.3.1_Ensure_AIDE_is_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.3.2_Ensure_filesystem_integrity_is_regularly_checked"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.1_Ensure_permissions_on_bootloader_config_are_not_overridden"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.2_Ensure_bootloader_password_is_set"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.3_Ensure_permissions_on_bootloader_config_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.4_Ensure_authentication_required_for_single_user_mode"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.1_Ensure_XDNX_support_is_enabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.2_Ensure_address_space_layout_randomization_ASLR_is_enabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.3_Ensure_prelink_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.4_Ensure_core_dumps_are_restricted"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.1.1_Ensure_AppArmor_is_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.1.2_Ensure_AppArmor_is_enabled_in_the_bootloader_configuration"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.1.3_Ensure_all_AppArmor_Profiles_are_in_enforce_or_complain_mode"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.1_Ensure_message_of_the_day_is_configured_properly"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.2_Ensure_local_login_warning_banner_is_configured_properly"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.3_Ensure_remote_login_warning_banner_is_configured_properly"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.4_Ensure_permissions_on_etcmotd_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.5_Ensure_permissions_on_etcissue_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.6_Ensure_permissions_on_etcissue.net_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.2_Ensure_GDM_login_banner_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.3_Ensure_disable-user-list_is_enabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.4_Ensure_XDCMP_is_not_enabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.9_Ensure_updates_patches_and_additional_security_software_are_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.1.1_Ensure_time_synchronization_is_in_use"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.1.2_Ensure_systemd-timesyncd_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.1.3_Ensure_chrony_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.1.4_Ensure_ntp_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.3_Ensure_Avahi_Server_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.5_Ensure_DHCP_Server_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.6_Ensure_LDAP_server_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.7_Ensure_NFS_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.8_Ensure_DNS_Server_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.9_Ensure_FTP_Server_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.10_Ensure_HTTP_server_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.11_Ensure_IMAP_and_POP3_server_are_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.12_Ensure_Samba_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.13_Ensure_HTTP_Proxy_Server_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.14_Ensure_SNMP_Server_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.15_Ensure_mail_transfer_agent_is_configured_for_local-only_mode"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.16_Ensure_rsync_service_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.17_Ensure_NIS_Server_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.1_Ensure_NIS_Client_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.2_Ensure_rsh_client_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.3_Ensure_talk_client_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.4_Ensure_telnet_client_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.5_Ensure_LDAP_client_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.6_Ensure__RPC_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.3_Ensure_nonessential_services_are_removed_or_masked"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.2.1_Ensure_packet_redirect_sending_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.2.2_Ensure_IP_forwarding_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.1_Ensure_source_routed_packets_are_not_accepted"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.2_Ensure_ICMP_redirects_are_not_accepted"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.3_Ensure_secure_ICMP_redirects_are_not_accepted"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.4_Ensure_suspicious_packets_are_logged"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.5_Ensure_broadcast_ICMP_requests_are_ignored"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.6_Ensure_bogus_ICMP_responses_are_ignored"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.7_Ensure_Reverse_Path_Filtering_is_enabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.8_Ensure_TCP_SYN_Cookies_is_enabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.9_Ensure_IPv6_router_advertisements_are_not_accepted"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.1_Ensure_ufw_is_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.2_Ensure_iptables-persistent_is_not_installed_with_ufw"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.3_Ensure_ufw_service_is_enabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.4_Ensure_ufw_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.5_Ensure_ufw_outbound_connections_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.6_Ensure_ufw_firewall_rules_exist_for_all_open_ports"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.7_Ensure_ufw_default_deny_firewall_policy"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.1_Ensure_nftables_is_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.2_Ensure_ufw_is_uninstalled_or_disabled_with_nftables"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.3_Ensure_iptables_are_flushed_with_nftables"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.4_Ensure_a_nftables_table_exists"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.5_Ensure_nftables_base_chains_exist"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.6_Ensure_nftables_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.7_Ensure_nftables_outbound_and_established_connections_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.8_Ensure_nftables_default_deny_firewall_policy"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.9_Ensure_nftables_service_is_enabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.10_Ensure_nftables_rules_are_permanent"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.1.1_Ensure_iptables_packages_are_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.1.2_Ensure_nftables_is_not_installed_with_iptables"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.1.3_Ensure_ufw_is_uninstalled_or_disabled_with_iptables"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.2.1_Ensure_iptables_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.2.2_Ensure_iptables_outbound_and_established_connections_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.2.3_Ensure_iptables_default_deny_firewall_policy"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.2.4_Ensure_iptables_firewall_rules_exist_for_all_open_ports"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.3.1_Ensure_ip6tables_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.3.2_Ensure_ip6tables_outbound_and_established_connections_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.3.3_Ensure_ip6tables_default_deny_firewall_policy"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.3.4_Ensure_ip6tables_firewall_rules_exist_for_all_open_ports"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.1_Ensure_rsyslog_is_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.2_Ensure_rsyslog_Service_is_enabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.3_Ensure_logging_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.4_Ensure_rsyslog_default_file_permissions_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.5_Ensure_rsyslog_is_configured_to_send_logs_to_a_remote_log_host"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.6_Ensure_remote_rsyslog_messages_are_only_accepted_on_designated_log_hosts."
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.2.1_Ensure_journald_is_configured_to_send_logs_to_rsyslog"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.2.2_Ensure_journald_is_configured_to_compress_large_log_files"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.2.3_Ensure_journald_is_configured_to_write_logfiles_to_persistent_disk"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.3_Ensure_permissions_on_all_logfiles_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.3_Ensure_logrotate_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.4_Ensure_logrotate_assigns_appropriate_permissions"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1_Ensure_cron_daemon_is_enabled_and_running"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.2_Ensure_permissions_on_etccrontab_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.3_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.hourly_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.4_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.daily_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.5_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.weekly_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.6_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.monthly_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.7_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.d_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.8_Ensure_cron_is_restricted_to_authorized_users"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.9_Ensure_at_is_restricted_to_authorized_users"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.1_Ensure_sudo_is_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.2_Ensure_sudo_commands_use_pty"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3_Ensure_sudo_log_file_exists"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.1_Ensure_permissions_on_etcsshsshd_config_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.2_Ensure_permissions_on_SSH_private_host_key_files_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.3_Ensure_permissions_on_SSH_public_host_key_files_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.4_Ensure_SSH_access_is_limited"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.5_Ensure_SSH_LogLevel_is_appropriate"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.6_Ensure_SSH_X11_forwarding_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.7_Ensure_SSH_MaxAuthTries_is_set_to_4_or_less"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.8_Ensure_SSH_IgnoreRhosts_is_enabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.9_Ensure_SSH_HostbasedAuthentication_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.10_Ensure_SSH_root_login_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.11_Ensure_SSH_PermitEmptyPasswords_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.12_Ensure_SSH_PermitUserEnvironment_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.13_Ensure_only_strong_Ciphers_are_used"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.14_Ensure_only_strong_MAC_algorithms_are_used"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.15_Ensure_only_strong_Key_Exchange_algorithms_are_used"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.16_Ensure_SSH_Idle_Timeout_Interval_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.17_Ensure_SSH_LoginGraceTime_is_set_to_one_minute_or_less"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.18_Ensure_SSH_warning_banner_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.19_Ensure_SSH_PAM_is_enabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.21_Ensure_SSH_MaxStartups_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.22_Ensure_SSH_MaxSessions_is_limited"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.4.1_Ensure_password_creation_requirements_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.4.2_Ensure_lockout_for_failed_password_attempts_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.4.3_Ensure_password_reuse_is_limited"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.4.4_Ensure_password_hashing_algorithm_is_SHA-512"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.1.1_Ensure_minimum_days_between_password_changes_is__configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.1.2_Ensure_password_expiration_is_365_days_or_less"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.1.3_Ensure_password_expiration_warning_days_is_7_or_more"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.1.4_Ensure_inactive_password_lock_is_30_days_or_less"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.1.5_Ensure_all_users_last_password_change_date_is_in_the_past"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.2_Ensure_system_accounts_are_secured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.3_Ensure_default_group_for_the_root_account_is_GID_0"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.4_Ensure_default_user_umask_is_027_or_more_restrictive"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.5_Ensure_default_user_shell_timeout_is_900_seconds_or_less"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.6_Ensure_root_login_is_restricted_to_system_console"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.7_Ensure_access_to_the_su_command_is_restricted"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.2_Ensure_permissions_on_etcpasswd_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.3_Ensure_permissions_on_etcpasswd-_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.4_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgroup_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.5_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgroup-_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.6_Ensure_permissions_on_etcshadow_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.7_Ensure_permissions_on_etcshadow-_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.8_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgshadow_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.9_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgshadow-_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.10_Ensure_no_world_writable_files_exist"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.11_Ensure_no_unowned_files_or_directories_exist"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.12_Ensure_no_ungrouped_files_or_directories_exist"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.13_Audit_SUID_executables"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.14_Audit_SGID_executables"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.1_Ensure_accounts_in_etcpasswd_use_shadowed_passwords"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.2_Ensure_password_fields_are_not_empty"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.3_Ensure_all_groups_in_etcpasswd_exist_in_etcgroup"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.4_Ensure_all_users_home_directories_exist"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.5_Ensure_users_own_their_home_directories"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.6_Ensure_users_home_directories_permissions_are_750_or_more_restrictive"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.7_Ensure_users_dot_files_are_not_group_or_world_writable"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.8_Ensure_no_users_have_.netrc_files"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.9_Ensure_no_users_have_.forward_files"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.10_Ensure_no_users_have_.rhosts_files"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.11_Ensure_root_is_the_only_UID_0_account"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.12_Ensure_root_PATH_Integrity"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.13_Ensure_no_duplicate_UIDs_exist"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.14_Ensure_no_duplicate_GIDs_exist"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.15_Ensure_no_duplicate_user_names_exist"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.16_Ensure_no_duplicate_group_names_exist"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.17_Ensure_shadow_group_is_empty"
selected="true"/>
</xccdf:Profile>
|
| Level 2 - Workstation |
This profile extends the "Level 1 - Workstation" profile. Items in this profile exhibit one or more of the following characteristics:
This profile is intended for workstations. Show Profile XML
<xccdf:Profile xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:sce="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE_xccdf_stream"
xmlns:cat="urn:oasis:names:tc:entity:xmlns:xml:catalog"
xmlns:ds="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_profile_Level_2_-_Workstation">
<xccdf:title xml:lang="en">Level 2 - Workstation</xccdf:title>
<xccdf:description xml:lang="en">
<xhtml:p>This profile extends the "Level 1 - Workstation" profile. Items in this profile exhibit one or more of the following characteristics:</xhtml:p>
<xhtml:ul>
<xhtml:li>are intended for environments or use cases where security is paramount.</xhtml:li>
<xhtml:li>acts as defense in depth measure.</xhtml:li>
<xhtml:li>may negatively inhibit the utility or performance of the technology.</xhtml:li>
</xhtml:ul>
<xhtml:p>This profile is intended for workstations.</xhtml:p>
</xccdf:description>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.1_Ensure_mounting_of_cramfs_filesystems_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.2_Ensure_mounting_of_freevxfs_filesystems_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.3_Ensure_mounting_of_jffs2_filesystems_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.4_Ensure_mounting_of_hfs_filesystems_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.5_Ensure_mounting_of_hfsplus_filesystems_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.6_Ensure_mounting_of_squashfs_filesystems_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.7_Ensure_mounting_of_udf_filesystems_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2_Ensure_tmp_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.3_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_tmp_partition"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.4_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_tmp_partition"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.5_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_tmp_partition"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.6_Ensure_devshm_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.7_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_devshm_partition"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.8_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_devshm_partition"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.9_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_devshm_partition"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.10_Ensure_separate_partition_exists_for_var"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.11_Ensure_separate_partition_exists_for_vartmp"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.12_Ensure_vartmp_partition_includes_the_nodev_option"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.13_Ensure_vartmp_partition_includes_the_nosuid_option"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.14_Ensure_vartmp_partition_includes_the_noexec_option"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.15_Ensure_separate_partition_exists_for_varlog"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.16_Ensure_separate_partition_exists_for_varlogaudit"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.17_Ensure_separate_partition_exists_for_home"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.18_Ensure_home_partition_includes_the_nodev_option"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.19_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_removable_media_partitions"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.20_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_removable_media_partitions"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.21_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_removable_media_partitions"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.22_Ensure_sticky_bit_is_set_on_all_world-writable_directories"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.23_Disable_Automounting"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.24_Disable_USB_Storage"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.2.1_Ensure_package_manager_repositories_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.2.2_Ensure_GPG_keys_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.3.1_Ensure_AIDE_is_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.3.2_Ensure_filesystem_integrity_is_regularly_checked"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.1_Ensure_permissions_on_bootloader_config_are_not_overridden"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.2_Ensure_bootloader_password_is_set"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.3_Ensure_permissions_on_bootloader_config_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.4_Ensure_authentication_required_for_single_user_mode"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.1_Ensure_XDNX_support_is_enabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.2_Ensure_address_space_layout_randomization_ASLR_is_enabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.3_Ensure_prelink_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.4_Ensure_core_dumps_are_restricted"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.1.1_Ensure_AppArmor_is_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.1.2_Ensure_AppArmor_is_enabled_in_the_bootloader_configuration"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.1.3_Ensure_all_AppArmor_Profiles_are_in_enforce_or_complain_mode"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.1.4_Ensure_all_AppArmor_Profiles_are_enforcing"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.1_Ensure_message_of_the_day_is_configured_properly"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.2_Ensure_local_login_warning_banner_is_configured_properly"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.3_Ensure_remote_login_warning_banner_is_configured_properly"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.4_Ensure_permissions_on_etcmotd_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.5_Ensure_permissions_on_etcissue_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.6_Ensure_permissions_on_etcissue.net_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.2_Ensure_GDM_login_banner_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.3_Ensure_disable-user-list_is_enabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.4_Ensure_XDCMP_is_not_enabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.9_Ensure_updates_patches_and_additional_security_software_are_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.1.1_Ensure_time_synchronization_is_in_use"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.1.2_Ensure_systemd-timesyncd_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.1.3_Ensure_chrony_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.1.4_Ensure_ntp_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.3_Ensure_Avahi_Server_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.4_Ensure_CUPS_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.5_Ensure_DHCP_Server_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.6_Ensure_LDAP_server_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.7_Ensure_NFS_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.8_Ensure_DNS_Server_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.9_Ensure_FTP_Server_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.10_Ensure_HTTP_server_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.11_Ensure_IMAP_and_POP3_server_are_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.12_Ensure_Samba_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.13_Ensure_HTTP_Proxy_Server_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.14_Ensure_SNMP_Server_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.15_Ensure_mail_transfer_agent_is_configured_for_local-only_mode"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.16_Ensure_rsync_service_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.17_Ensure_NIS_Server_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.1_Ensure_NIS_Client_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.2_Ensure_rsh_client_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.3_Ensure_talk_client_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.4_Ensure_telnet_client_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.5_Ensure_LDAP_client_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.6_Ensure__RPC_is_not_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.3_Ensure_nonessential_services_are_removed_or_masked"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.1.1_Disable_IPv6"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.1.2_Ensure_wireless_interfaces_are_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.2.1_Ensure_packet_redirect_sending_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.2.2_Ensure_IP_forwarding_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.1_Ensure_source_routed_packets_are_not_accepted"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.2_Ensure_ICMP_redirects_are_not_accepted"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.3_Ensure_secure_ICMP_redirects_are_not_accepted"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.4_Ensure_suspicious_packets_are_logged"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.5_Ensure_broadcast_ICMP_requests_are_ignored"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.6_Ensure_bogus_ICMP_responses_are_ignored"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.7_Ensure_Reverse_Path_Filtering_is_enabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.8_Ensure_TCP_SYN_Cookies_is_enabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.9_Ensure_IPv6_router_advertisements_are_not_accepted"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.1_Ensure_DCCP_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2_Ensure_SCTP_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3_Ensure_RDS_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.4_Ensure_TIPC_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.1_Ensure_ufw_is_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.2_Ensure_iptables-persistent_is_not_installed_with_ufw"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.3_Ensure_ufw_service_is_enabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.4_Ensure_ufw_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.5_Ensure_ufw_outbound_connections_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.6_Ensure_ufw_firewall_rules_exist_for_all_open_ports"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.7_Ensure_ufw_default_deny_firewall_policy"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.1_Ensure_nftables_is_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.2_Ensure_ufw_is_uninstalled_or_disabled_with_nftables"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.3_Ensure_iptables_are_flushed_with_nftables"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.4_Ensure_a_nftables_table_exists"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.5_Ensure_nftables_base_chains_exist"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.6_Ensure_nftables_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.7_Ensure_nftables_outbound_and_established_connections_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.8_Ensure_nftables_default_deny_firewall_policy"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.9_Ensure_nftables_service_is_enabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.10_Ensure_nftables_rules_are_permanent"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.1.1_Ensure_iptables_packages_are_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.1.2_Ensure_nftables_is_not_installed_with_iptables"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.1.3_Ensure_ufw_is_uninstalled_or_disabled_with_iptables"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.2.1_Ensure_iptables_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.2.2_Ensure_iptables_outbound_and_established_connections_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.2.3_Ensure_iptables_default_deny_firewall_policy"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.2.4_Ensure_iptables_firewall_rules_exist_for_all_open_ports"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.3.1_Ensure_ip6tables_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.3.2_Ensure_ip6tables_outbound_and_established_connections_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.3.3_Ensure_ip6tables_default_deny_firewall_policy"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.3.4_Ensure_ip6tables_firewall_rules_exist_for_all_open_ports"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.1.1_Ensure_auditd_is_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.1.2_Ensure_auditd_service_is_enabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.1.3_Ensure_auditing_for_processes_that_start_prior_to_auditd_is_enabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.1.4_Ensure_audit_backlog_limit_is_sufficient"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.2.1_Ensure_audit_log_storage_size_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.2.2_Ensure_audit_logs_are_not_automatically_deleted"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.2.3_Ensure_system_is_disabled_when_audit_logs_are_full"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.3_Ensure_events_that_modify_date_and_time_information_are_collected"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.4_Ensure_events_that_modify_usergroup_information_are_collected"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.5_Ensure_events_that_modify_the_systems_network_environment_are_collected"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.6_Ensure_events_that_modify_the_systems_Mandatory_Access_Controls_are_collected"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.7_Ensure_login_and_logout_events_are_collected"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.8_Ensure_session_initiation_information_is_collected"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.9_Ensure_discretionary_access_control_permission_modification_events_are_collected"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.10_Ensure_unsuccessful_unauthorized_file_access_attempts_are_collected"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.11_Ensure_use_of_privileged_commands_is_collected"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.12_Ensure_successful_file_system_mounts_are_collected"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.13_Ensure_file_deletion_events_by_users_are_collected"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.14_Ensure_changes_to_system_administration_scope_sudoers_is_collected"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.15_Ensure_system_administrator_command_executions_sudo_are_collected"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.16_Ensure_kernel_module_loading_and_unloading_is_collected"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.17_Ensure_the_audit_configuration_is_immutable"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.1_Ensure_rsyslog_is_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.2_Ensure_rsyslog_Service_is_enabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.3_Ensure_logging_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.4_Ensure_rsyslog_default_file_permissions_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.5_Ensure_rsyslog_is_configured_to_send_logs_to_a_remote_log_host"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.6_Ensure_remote_rsyslog_messages_are_only_accepted_on_designated_log_hosts."
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.2.1_Ensure_journald_is_configured_to_send_logs_to_rsyslog"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.2.2_Ensure_journald_is_configured_to_compress_large_log_files"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.2.3_Ensure_journald_is_configured_to_write_logfiles_to_persistent_disk"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.3_Ensure_permissions_on_all_logfiles_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.3_Ensure_logrotate_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.4_Ensure_logrotate_assigns_appropriate_permissions"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1_Ensure_cron_daemon_is_enabled_and_running"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.2_Ensure_permissions_on_etccrontab_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.3_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.hourly_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.4_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.daily_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.5_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.weekly_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.6_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.monthly_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.7_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.d_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.8_Ensure_cron_is_restricted_to_authorized_users"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.9_Ensure_at_is_restricted_to_authorized_users"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.1_Ensure_sudo_is_installed"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.2_Ensure_sudo_commands_use_pty"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3_Ensure_sudo_log_file_exists"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.1_Ensure_permissions_on_etcsshsshd_config_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.2_Ensure_permissions_on_SSH_private_host_key_files_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.3_Ensure_permissions_on_SSH_public_host_key_files_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.4_Ensure_SSH_access_is_limited"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.5_Ensure_SSH_LogLevel_is_appropriate"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.6_Ensure_SSH_X11_forwarding_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.7_Ensure_SSH_MaxAuthTries_is_set_to_4_or_less"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.8_Ensure_SSH_IgnoreRhosts_is_enabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.9_Ensure_SSH_HostbasedAuthentication_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.10_Ensure_SSH_root_login_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.11_Ensure_SSH_PermitEmptyPasswords_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.12_Ensure_SSH_PermitUserEnvironment_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.13_Ensure_only_strong_Ciphers_are_used"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.14_Ensure_only_strong_MAC_algorithms_are_used"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.15_Ensure_only_strong_Key_Exchange_algorithms_are_used"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.16_Ensure_SSH_Idle_Timeout_Interval_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.17_Ensure_SSH_LoginGraceTime_is_set_to_one_minute_or_less"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.18_Ensure_SSH_warning_banner_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.19_Ensure_SSH_PAM_is_enabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.20_Ensure_SSH_AllowTcpForwarding_is_disabled"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.21_Ensure_SSH_MaxStartups_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.22_Ensure_SSH_MaxSessions_is_limited"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.4.1_Ensure_password_creation_requirements_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.4.2_Ensure_lockout_for_failed_password_attempts_is_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.4.3_Ensure_password_reuse_is_limited"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.4.4_Ensure_password_hashing_algorithm_is_SHA-512"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.1.1_Ensure_minimum_days_between_password_changes_is__configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.1.2_Ensure_password_expiration_is_365_days_or_less"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.1.3_Ensure_password_expiration_warning_days_is_7_or_more"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.1.4_Ensure_inactive_password_lock_is_30_days_or_less"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.1.5_Ensure_all_users_last_password_change_date_is_in_the_past"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.2_Ensure_system_accounts_are_secured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.3_Ensure_default_group_for_the_root_account_is_GID_0"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.4_Ensure_default_user_umask_is_027_or_more_restrictive"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.5_Ensure_default_user_shell_timeout_is_900_seconds_or_less"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.6_Ensure_root_login_is_restricted_to_system_console"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.7_Ensure_access_to_the_su_command_is_restricted"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.1_Audit_system_file_permissions"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.2_Ensure_permissions_on_etcpasswd_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.3_Ensure_permissions_on_etcpasswd-_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.4_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgroup_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.5_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgroup-_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.6_Ensure_permissions_on_etcshadow_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.7_Ensure_permissions_on_etcshadow-_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.8_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgshadow_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.9_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgshadow-_are_configured"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.10_Ensure_no_world_writable_files_exist"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.11_Ensure_no_unowned_files_or_directories_exist"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.12_Ensure_no_ungrouped_files_or_directories_exist"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.13_Audit_SUID_executables"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.14_Audit_SGID_executables"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.1_Ensure_accounts_in_etcpasswd_use_shadowed_passwords"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.2_Ensure_password_fields_are_not_empty"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.3_Ensure_all_groups_in_etcpasswd_exist_in_etcgroup"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.4_Ensure_all_users_home_directories_exist"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.5_Ensure_users_own_their_home_directories"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.6_Ensure_users_home_directories_permissions_are_750_or_more_restrictive"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.7_Ensure_users_dot_files_are_not_group_or_world_writable"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.8_Ensure_no_users_have_.netrc_files"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.9_Ensure_no_users_have_.forward_files"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.10_Ensure_no_users_have_.rhosts_files"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.11_Ensure_root_is_the_only_UID_0_account"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.12_Ensure_root_PATH_Integrity"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.13_Ensure_no_duplicate_UIDs_exist"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.14_Ensure_no_duplicate_GIDs_exist"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.15_Ensure_no_duplicate_user_names_exist"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.16_Ensure_no_duplicate_group_names_exist"
selected="true"/>
<xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.17_Ensure_shadow_group_is_empty"
selected="true"/>
</xccdf:Profile>
|
Assessment Results
Assessment Details
1 Initial Setup
Items in this section are advised for all systems, but may be difficult or require extensive preparation after the initial setup of the system.
1.1 Filesystem Configuration
Directories that are used for system-wide functions can be further protected by placing them on separate partitions. This provides protection for resource exhaustion and enables the use of mounting options that are applicable to the directory's intended use. Users' data can be stored on separate partitions and have stricter mount options. A user partition is a filesystem that has been established for use by the users and does not contain software for system operations.
The recommendations in this section are easier to perform during initial system installation. If the system is already installed, it is recommended that a full backup be performed before repartitioning the system.
Note: If you are repartitioning a system that has already been installed, make sure the data has been copied over to the new partition, unmount it and then remove the data from the directory that was in the old partition. Otherwise it will still consume space in the old partition that will be masked when the new filesystem is mounted. For example, if a system is in single-user mode with no filesystems mounted and the administrator adds a lot of data to the /tmp directory, this data will still consume space in / once the /tmp filesystem is mounted unless it is removed first.
1.1.1 Disable unused filesystems
A number of uncommon filesystem types are supported under Linux. Removing support for unneeded filesystem types reduces the local attack surface of the system. If a filesystem type is not needed it should be disabled. Native Linux file systems are designed to ensure that built-in security controls function as expected. Non-native filesystems can lead to unexpected consequences to both the security and functionality of the system and should be used with caution. Many filesystems are created for niche use cases and are not maintained and supported as the operating systems are updated and patched. Users of non-native filesystems should ensure that there is attention and ongoing support for them, especially in light of frequent operating system changes.
Standard network connectivity and Internet access to cloud storage may make the use of non-standard filesystem formats to directly attach heterogeneous devices much less attractive.
Note: This should not be considered a comprehensive list of filesystems. You may wish to consider additions to those listed here for your environment.
1.1.1.1 Ensure mounting of cramfs filesystems is disabled
The cramfs filesystem type is a compressed read-only Linux filesystem embedded in small footprint systems. A cramfs image can be used without having to first decompress the image.
Removing support for unneeded filesystem types reduces the local attack surface of the server. If this filesystem type is not needed, disable it.
Edit or create a file in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory ending in .conf
Example: vim /etc/modprobe.d/cramfs.conf
and add the following line:
install cramfs /bin/true
Run the following command to unload the cramfs module:
# rmmod cramfs
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.1_Ensure_mounting_of_cramfs_filesystems_is_disabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.806+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455907"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
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<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455907"
check="at least one"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure kernel module cramfs is not loadable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>At least one</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shellcommand Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Command</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>modprobe -n -v cramfs</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line Selection</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>.+</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exit Status</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Stdout Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>install /bin/true </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455908"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455908">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455908"
check="none satisfy"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure kernel module cramfs is not loaded</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>None satisfy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shellcommand Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Command</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>modprobe -n -v cramfs</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line Selection</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>.+</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exit Status</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Stdout Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>install /bin/true </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
1.1.1.2 Ensure mounting of freevxfs filesystems is disabled
The freevxfs filesystem type is a free version of the Veritas type filesystem. This is the primary filesystem type for HP-UX operating systems.
Removing support for unneeded filesystem types reduces the local attack surface of the system. If this filesystem type is not needed, disable it.
Edit or create a file in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory ending in .conf
Example: vi /etc/modprobe.d/freevxfs.conf
and add the following line:
install freevxfs /bin/true
Run the following command to unload the freevxfs module:
rmmod freevxfs
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.2_Ensure_mounting_of_freevxfs_filesystems_is_disabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.807+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455909"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455909">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455909"
check="at least one"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure kernel module freevxfs is not loadable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>At least one</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shellcommand Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Command</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>modprobe -n -v freevxfs</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line Selection</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>.+</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exit Status</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Stdout Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>install /bin/true </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455910"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455910">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455910"
check="none satisfy"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure kernel module freevxfs is not loaded</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>None satisfy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shellcommand Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Command</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>modprobe -n -v freevxfs</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line Selection</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>.+</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exit Status</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Stdout Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>install /bin/true </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
1.1.1.3 Ensure mounting of jffs2 filesystems is disabled
The jffs2 (journaling flash filesystem 2) filesystem type is a log-structured filesystem used in flash memory devices.
Removing support for unneeded filesystem types reduces the local attack surface of the system. If this filesystem type is not needed, disable it.
Edit or create a file in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory ending in .conf
Example: vi /etc/modprobe.d/jffs2.conf
and add the following line:
install jffs2 /bin/true
Run the following command to unload the jffs2 module:
# rmmod jffs2
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.3_Ensure_mounting_of_jffs2_filesystems_is_disabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.807+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455911"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455911">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455911"
check="at least one"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure kernel module jffs2 is not loadable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>At least one</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shellcommand Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Command</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>modprobe -n -v jffs2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line Selection</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>.+</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exit Status</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Stdout Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>install /bin/true </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455912"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455912">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455912"
check="none satisfy"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure kernel module jffs2 is not loaded</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>None satisfy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shellcommand Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Command</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>modprobe -n -v jffs2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line Selection</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>.+</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exit Status</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Stdout Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>install /bin/true </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
1.1.1.4 Ensure mounting of hfs filesystems is disabled
The hfs filesystem type is a hierarchical filesystem that allows you to mount Mac OS filesystems.
Removing support for unneeded filesystem types reduces the local attack surface of the system. If this filesystem type is not needed, disable it.
Edit or create a file in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory ending in .conf
Example: vi /etc/modprobe.d/hfs.conf
and add the following line:
install hfs /bin/true
Run the following command to unload the hfs module:
# rmmod hfs
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.4_Ensure_mounting_of_hfs_filesystems_is_disabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.809+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455913"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455913">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455913"
check="at least one"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure kernel module hfs is not loadable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>At least one</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shellcommand Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Command</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>modprobe -n -v hfs</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line Selection</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>.+</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exit Status</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Stdout Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>install /bin/true </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455914"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455914">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455914"
check="none satisfy"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure kernel module hfs is not loaded</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>None satisfy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shellcommand Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Command</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>modprobe -n -v hfs</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line Selection</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>.+</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exit Status</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Stdout Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>install /bin/true </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
1.1.1.5 Ensure mounting of hfsplus filesystems is disabled
The hfsplus filesystem type is a hierarchical filesystem designed to replace hfs that allows you to mount Mac OS filesystems.
Removing support for unneeded filesystem types reduces the local attack surface of the system. If this filesystem type is not needed, disable it.
Edit or create a file in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory ending in .conf
Example: vi /etc/modprobe.d/hfsplus.conf
and add the following line:
install hfsplus /bin/true
Run the following command to unload the hfsplus module:
# rmmod hfsplus
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.5_Ensure_mounting_of_hfsplus_filesystems_is_disabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.811+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455915"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455915">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455915"
check="none satisfy"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure kernel module hfsplus is not loaded</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>None satisfy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shellcommand Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Command</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>modprobe -n -v hfsplus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line Selection</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>.+</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exit Status</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Stdout Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>install /bin/true </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455916"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455916">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455916"
check="at least one"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure kernel module hfsplus is not loadable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>At least one</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shellcommand Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Command</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>modprobe -n -v hfsplus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line Selection</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>.+</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exit Status</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Stdout Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>install /bin/true </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
1.1.1.6 Ensure mounting of squashfs filesystems is disabled
The squashfs filesystem type is a compressed read-only Linux filesystem embedded in small footprint systems (similar to cramfs ). A squashfs image can be used without having to first decompress the image.
Removing support for unneeded filesystem types reduces the local attack surface of the system. If this filesystem type is not needed, disable it.
Edit or create a file in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory ending in .conf
Example: vi /etc/modprobe.d/squashfs.conf
Add the following line:
install squashfs /bin/true
Run the following command to unload the squashfs module:
# rmmod squashfs
Impact:
Disabling squashfs will prevent the use of snap. Snap is a package manager for Linux for installing Snap packages.
"Snap" application packages of software are self-contained and work across a range of Linux distributions. This is unlike traditional Linux package management approaches, like APT or RPM, which require specifically adapted packages per Linux distribution on an application update and delay therefore application deployment from developers to their software's end-user. Snaps themselves have no dependency on any external store ("App store"), can be obtained from any source and can be therefore used for upstream software deployment. When snaps are deployed on versions of Linux, the Ubuntu app store is used as default back-end, but other stores can be enabled as well.
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.6_Ensure_mounting_of_squashfs_filesystems_is_disabled"
role="unscored"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.814+02:00"
version="1"
weight="0.0">
<xccdf:result>informational</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455917"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455917">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455917"
check="at least one"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure kernel module squashfs is not loadable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>At least one</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shellcommand Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Command</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>modprobe -n -v squashfs</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line Selection</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>.+</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exit Status</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Stdout Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455918"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455918">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455918"
check="none satisfy"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure kernel module squashfs is not loaded</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>None satisfy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shellcommand Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Command</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>modprobe -n -v squashfs</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line Selection</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>.+</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exit Status</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Stdout Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
1.1.1.7 Ensure mounting of udf filesystems is disabled
The udf filesystem type is the universal disk format used to implement ISO/IEC 13346 and ECMA-167 specifications. This is an open vendor filesystem type for data storage on a broad range of media. This filesystem type is necessary to support writing DVDs and newer optical disc formats.
Removing support for unneeded filesystem types reduces the local attack surface of the system. If this filesystem type is not needed, disable it.
Edit or create a file in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory ending in .conf
Example: vi /etc/modprobe.d/udf.conf
and add the following line:
install udf /bin/true
Run the following command to unload the udf module:
# rmmod udf
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.7_Ensure_mounting_of_udf_filesystems_is_disabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.815+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455919"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455919">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455919"
check="at least one"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure kernel module udf is not loadable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>At least one</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shellcommand Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Command</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>modprobe -n -v udf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line Selection</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>.+</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exit Status</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Stdout Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>insmod /lib/modules/5.15.0-1029-gcp/kernel/lib/crc-itu-t.ko </td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Stdout Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>install /bin/true </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455920"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455920">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455920"
check="none satisfy"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure kernel module udf is not loaded</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>None satisfy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shellcommand Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Command</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>modprobe -n -v udf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line Selection</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>.+</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exit Status</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Stdout Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>insmod /lib/modules/5.15.0-1029-gcp/kernel/lib/crc-itu-t.ko </td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Stdout Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>install /bin/true </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
1.1.2 Ensure /tmp is configured
The /tmp directory is a world-writable directory used for temporary storage by all users and some applications
Making /tmp its own file system allows an administrator to set the noexec option on the mount, making /tmp useless for an attacker to install executable code. It would also prevent an attacker from establishing a hardlink to a system setuid program and wait for it to be updated. Once the program was updated, the hardlink would be broken and the attacker would have his own copy of the program. If the program happened to have a security vulnerability, the attacker could continue to exploit the known flaw.
This can be accomplished by either mounting tmpfs to /tmp, or creating a separate partition for /tmp.
Configure /etc/fstab as appropriate.
Example:
tmpfs /tmp tmpfs defaults,rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0
OR Run the following commands to enable systemd /tmp mounting:
Run the following command to create the tmp.mount file is the correct location:
# cp -v /usr/share/systemd/tmp.mount /etc/systemd/system/
Edit /etc/systemd/system/tmp.mount to configure the /tmp mount:
[Mount]
What=tmpfs
Where=/tmp
Type=tmpfs
Options=mode=1777,strictatime,nosuid,nodev,noexec
Run the following command to reload the systemd daemon with the unpdated tmp.mount unit file:
# systemctl daemon-reload
Run the following command to enable and start tmp.mount
# systemctl --now enable tmp.mount
Impact:
Since the /tmp directory is intended to be world-writable, there is a risk of resource exhaustion if it is not bound to a separate partition.
Running out of /tmp space is a problem regardless of what kind of filesystem lies under it, but in a default installation a disk-based /tmp will essentially have the whole disk available, as it only creates a single / partition. On the other hand, a RAM-based /tmp as with tmpfs will almost certainly be much smaller, which can lead to applications filling up the filesystem much more easily.
/tmp utilizing tmpfs can be resized using the size={size} parameter on the Options line on the tmp.mount file
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2_Ensure_tmp_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.816+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">AJ Lewis, "LVM HOWTO", http://tldp.org/HOWTO/LVM-HOWTO/</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/APIFileSystems/</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519226"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519226">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1519226"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure partition at /tmp and all</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Partition Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Mount Point</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/tmp</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Device</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>tmpfs</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uuid</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Fs Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>tmpfs</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Mount Options</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>rw</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Mount Options</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>nosuid</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Mount Options</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>nodev</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Mount Options</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>noexec</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Mount Options</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>inode64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total Space</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>501853</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Space Used</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Space Left</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>501848</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: AJ Lewis, "LVM HOWTO", http://tldp.org/HOWTO/LVM-HOWTO/
- URL: https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/APIFileSystems/
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
1.1.3 Ensure nodev option set on /tmp partition
The nodev mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain special devices.
Since the /tmp filesystem is not intended to support devices, set this option to ensure that users cannot attempt to create block or character special devices in /tmp .
Edit the /etc/fstab file OR the /etc/systemd/system/local-fs.target.wants/tmp.mount file:
If /etc/fstab is used to mount /tmp :
Edit the /etc/fstab file and add nodev to the fourth field (mounting options) for the /tmp partition. See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.
Run the following command to remount /tmp :
# mount -o remount,nodev /tmp
OR If systemd is used to mount /tmp :
Edit /etc/systemd/system/local-fs.target.wants/tmp.mount to add nodev to the /tmp mount options:
[Mount]
Options=mode=1777,strictatime,noexec,nodev,nosuid
Run the following command to restart the systemd daemon:
# systemctl daemon-reload
Run the following command to restart tmp.mount
# systemctl restart tmp.mount
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.3_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_tmp_partition"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.816+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455922"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455922">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455922"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure partition at /tmp and all</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Partition Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Mount Point</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/tmp</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Device</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>tmpfs</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uuid</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Fs Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>tmpfs</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Mount Options</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>rw</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Mount Options</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>nosuid</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Mount Options</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>nodev</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Mount Options</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>noexec</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Mount Options</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>inode64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total Space</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>501853</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Space Used</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Space Left</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>501848</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
1.1.4 Ensure nosuid option set on /tmp partition
The nosuid mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain setuid files.
Since the /tmp filesystem is only intended for temporary file storage, set this option to ensure that users cannot create setuid files in /tmp .
Edit the /etc/fstab file and add nosuid to the fourth field (mounting options) for the /tmp partition. See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.
Run the following command to remount /tmp :
# mount -o remount,nosuid /tmp
OR Edit /etc/systemd/system/local-fs.target.wants/tmp.mount to add nosuid to the /tmp mount options:
[Mount]
Options=mode=1777,strictatime,noexec,nodev,nosuid
Run the following command to remount /tmp :
# mount -o remount,nosuid /tmp
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.4_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_tmp_partition"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.817+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455923"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455923">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455923"
check="all"
check_existence="any_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure partition at /tmp may exists and all have at least one partition option equals 'nosuid' (string)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>Any Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Partition Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Mount Point</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/tmp</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Device</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>tmpfs</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uuid</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Fs Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>tmpfs</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Mount Options</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>rw</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Mount Options</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>nosuid</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Mount Options</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>nodev</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Mount Options</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>noexec</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Mount Options</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>inode64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total Space</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>501853</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Space Used</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Space Left</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>501848</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
1.1.5 Ensure noexec option set on /tmp partition
The noexec mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain executable binaries.
Since the /tmp filesystem is only intended for temporary file storage, set this option to ensure that users cannot run executable binaries from /tmp .
Edit the /etc/fstab file and add noexec to the fourth field (mounting options) for the /tmp partition. See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.
Run the following command to remount /tmp :
# mount -o remount,noexec /tmp
OR Edit /etc/systemd/system/local-fs.target.wants/tmp.mount to add noexec to the /tmp mount options:
[Mount]
Options=mode=1777,strictatime,noexec,nodev,nosuid
Run the following command to remount /tmp :
# mount -o remount,noexec /tmp
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.5_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_tmp_partition"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.817+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/2/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455924"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455924">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455924"
check="all"
check_existence="any_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure partition at /tmp may exists{else}exists and all</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>Any Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Partition Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Mount Point</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/tmp</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Device</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>tmpfs</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uuid</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Fs Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>tmpfs</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Mount Options</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>rw</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Mount Options</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>nosuid</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Mount Options</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>nodev</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Mount Options</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>noexec</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Mount Options</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>inode64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total Space</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>501853</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Space Used</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Space Left</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>501848</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 2: Inventory and Control of Software Assets: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Actively manage (inventory, track, and correct) all software on the network so that only authorized software is installed and can execute, and that all unauthorized and unmanaged software is found and prevented from installation or execution. Subcontrol: 2.6 Label: Address unapproved software Description: Ensure that unauthorized software is either removed or the inventory is updated in a timely manner
1.1.6 Ensure /dev/shm is configured
/dev/shm is a traditional shared memory concept. One program will create a memory portion, which other processes (if permitted) can access. Mounting tmpfs at /dev/shm is handled automatically by systemd.
Any user can upload and execute files inside the /dev/shm similar to the /tmp partition. Configuring /dev/shm allows an administrator to set the noexec option on the mount, making /dev/shm useless for an attacker to install executable code. It would also prevent an attacker from establishing a hardlink to a system setuid program and wait for it to be updated. Once the program was updated, the hardlink would be broken and the attacker would have his own copy of the program. If the program happened to have a security vulnerability, the attacker could continue to exploit the known flaw.
Edit /etc/fstab and add or edit the following line:
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,noexec,nodev,nosuid,seclabel 0 0
Run the following command to remount /dev/shm :
# mount -o remount,noexec,nodev,nosuid /dev/shm
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.6_Ensure_devshm_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.817+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/13"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519227"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519227">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1519227"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure partition at /dev/shm and all</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Partition Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Mount Point</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/dev/shm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Device</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>tmpfs</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uuid</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Fs Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>tmpfs</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Mount Options</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>rw</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Mount Options</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>nosuid</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Mount Options</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>nodev</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Mount Options</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>inode64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total Space</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>501853</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Space Used</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Space Left</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>501853</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software. - Control 13: Data Protection: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to prevent data exfiltration, mitigate the effects of exfiltrated data, and ensure the privacy and integrity of sensitive information.
1.1.7 Ensure nodev option set on /dev/shm partition
The nodev mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain special devices.
Since the /dev/shm filesystem is not intended to support devices, set this option to ensure that users cannot attempt to create special devices in /dev/shm partitions.
Edit the /etc/fstab file and add nodev to the fourth field (mounting options) for the /dev/shm partition. See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.
Run the following command to remount /dev/shm :
# mount -o remount,nosuid,nodev,noexec /dev/shm
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.7_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_devshm_partition"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.817+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455926"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455926">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455926"
check="all"
check_existence="any_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure partition at /dev/shm may exists{else}exists and all</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>Any Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Partition Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Mount Point</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/dev/shm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Device</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>tmpfs</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uuid</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Fs Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>tmpfs</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Mount Options</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>rw</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Mount Options</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>nosuid</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Mount Options</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>nodev</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Mount Options</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>inode64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total Space</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>501853</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Space Used</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Space Left</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>501853</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
1.1.8 Ensure nosuid option set on /dev/shm partition
The nosuid mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain setuid files.
Setting this option on a file system prevents users from introducing privileged programs onto the system and allowing non-root users to execute them.
Edit the /etc/fstab file and add nosuid to the fourth field (mounting options) for the /dev/shm partition. See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.
Run the following command to remount /dev/shm :
# mount -o remount,nosuid,nodev,noexec /dev/shm
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.8_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_devshm_partition"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.818+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455927"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455927">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455927"
check="all"
check_existence="any_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure partition at /dev/shm may exists{else}exists and all</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>Any Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Partition Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Mount Point</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/dev/shm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Device</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>tmpfs</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uuid</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Fs Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>tmpfs</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Mount Options</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>rw</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Mount Options</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>nosuid</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Mount Options</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>nodev</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Mount Options</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>inode64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total Space</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>501853</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Space Used</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Space Left</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>501853</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
1.1.9 Ensure noexec option set on /dev/shm partition
The noexec mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain executable binaries.
Setting this option on a file system prevents users from executing programs from shared memory. This deters users from introducing potentially malicious software on the system.
Edit the /etc/fstab file and add noexec to the fourth field (mounting options) for the /dev/shm partition. See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.
Run the following command to remount /dev/shm :
# mount -o remount,nosuid,nodev,noexec /dev/shm
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.9_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_devshm_partition"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.820+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/2/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455928"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455928">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455928"
check="all"
check_existence="any_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure partition at /dev/shm may exists{else}exists and all</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>Any Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Partition Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Mount Point</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/dev/shm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Device</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>tmpfs</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uuid</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Fs Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>tmpfs</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Mount Options</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>rw</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Mount Options</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>nosuid</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Mount Options</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>nodev</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Mount Options</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>inode64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total Space</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>501853</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Space Used</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Space Left</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>501853</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 2: Inventory and Control of Software Assets: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Actively manage (inventory, track, and correct) all software on the network so that only authorized software is installed and can execute, and that all unauthorized and unmanaged software is found and prevented from installation or execution. Subcontrol: 2.6 Label: Address unapproved software Description: Ensure that unauthorized software is either removed or the inventory is updated in a timely manner
1.1.10 Ensure separate partition exists for /var
The /var directory is used by daemons and other system services to temporarily store dynamic data. Some directories created by these processes may be world-writable.
Since the /var directory may contain world-writable files and directories, there is a risk of resource exhaustion if it is not bound to a separate partition.
For new installations, during installation create a custom partition setup and specify a separate partition for /var .
For systems that were previously installed, create a new partition and configure /etc/fstab as appropriate.
Impact:
Resizing filesystems is a common activity in cloud-hosted servers. Separate filesystem partitions may prevent successful resizing, or may require the installation of additional tools solely for the purpose of resizing operations. The use of these additional tools may introduce their own security considerations.
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.10_Ensure_separate_partition_exists_for_var"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.820+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">AJ Lewis, "LVM HOWTO", http://tldp.org/HOWTO/LVM-HOWTO/</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455931"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455931">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455931"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure partition at /var exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: AJ Lewis, "LVM HOWTO", http://tldp.org/HOWTO/LVM-HOWTO/
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
1.1.11 Ensure separate partition exists for /var/tmp
The /var/tmp directory is a world-writable directory used for temporary storage by all users and some applications.
Since the /var/tmp directory is intended to be world-writable, there is a risk of resource exhaustion if it is not bound to a separate partition. In addition, making /var/tmp its own file system allows an administrator to set the noexec option on the mount, making /var/tmp useless for an attacker to install executable code. It would also prevent an attacker from establishing a hardlink to a system setuid program and wait for it to be updated. Once the program was updated, the hardlink would be broken and the attacker would have his own copy of the program. If the program happened to have a security vulnerability, the attacker could continue to exploit the known flaw.
For new installations, during installation create a custom partition setup and specify a separate partition for /var/tmp .
For systems that were previously installed, create a new partition and configure /etc/fstab as appropriate.
Impact:
Resizing filesystems is a common activity in cloud-hosted servers. Separate filesystem partitions may prevent successful resizing, or may require the installation of additional tools solely for the purpose of resizing operations. The use of these additional tools may introduce their own security considerations.
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.11_Ensure_separate_partition_exists_for_vartmp"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.820+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455933"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455933">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455933"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure partition at /var/tmp exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
1.1.12 Ensure /var/tmp partition includes the nodev option
The nodev mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain special devices.
Since the /var/tmp filesystem is not intended to support devices, set this option to ensure that users cannot attempt to create block or character special devices in /var/tmp .
Edit the /etc/fstab file and add nodev to the fourth field (mounting options) for the /var/tmp partition. See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.
Run the following command to remount /var/tmp :
# mount -o remount,nosuid,nodev,noexec /var/tmp
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.12_Ensure_vartmp_partition_includes_the_nodev_option"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.821+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519228"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519228">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1519228"
check="all"
check_existence="any_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure partition at /var/tmp may exists and all have at least one partition option equals 'nodev' (string)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>Any Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
1.1.13 Ensure /var/tmp partition includes the nosuid option
The nosuid mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain setuid files.
Since the /var/tmp filesystem is only intended for temporary file storage, set this option to ensure that users cannot create setuid files in /var/tmp .
Edit the /etc/fstab file and add nosuid to the fourth field (mounting options) for the /var/tmp partition. See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.
Run the following command to remount /var/tmp :
# mount -o remount,nosuid,nodev,noexec /var/tmp
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.13_Ensure_vartmp_partition_includes_the_nosuid_option"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.821+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456427"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456427">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456427"
check="all"
check_existence="any_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure partition at /var/tmp may exists and all have at least one partition option equals 'nosuid' (string)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>Any Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
1.1.14 Ensure /var/tmp partition includes the noexec option
The noexec mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain executable binaries.
Since the /var/tmp filesystem is only intended for temporary file storage, set this option to ensure that users cannot run executable binaries from /var/tmp .
Edit the /etc/fstab file and add noexec to the fourth field (mounting options) for the /var/tmp partition. See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.
Run the following command to remount /var/tmp :
# mount -o remount,nosuid,nodev,noexec /var/tmp
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.14_Ensure_vartmp_partition_includes_the_noexec_option"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.821+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/2/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456428"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456428">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456428"
check="all"
check_existence="any_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure partition at /var/tmp may exists{else}exists and all</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>Any Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 2: Inventory and Control of Software Assets: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Actively manage (inventory, track, and correct) all software on the network so that only authorized software is installed and can execute, and that all unauthorized and unmanaged software is found and prevented from installation or execution. Subcontrol: 2.6 Label: Address unapproved software Description: Ensure that unauthorized software is either removed or the inventory is updated in a timely manner
1.1.15 Ensure separate partition exists for /var/log
The /var/log directory is used by system services to store log data.
There are two important reasons to ensure that system logs are stored on a separate partition: protection against resource exhaustion (since logs can grow quite large) and protection of audit data.
For new installations, during installation create a custom partition setup and specify a separate partition for /var/log .
For systems that were previously installed, create a new partition and configure /etc/fstab as appropriate.
Impact:
Resizing filesystems is a common activity in cloud-hosted servers. Separate filesystem partitions may prevent successful resizing, or may require the installation of additional tools solely for the purpose of resizing operations. The use of these additional tools may introduce their own security considerations.
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.15_Ensure_separate_partition_exists_for_varlog"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.821+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">AJ Lewis, "LVM HOWTO", http://tldp.org/HOWTO/LVM-HOWTO/</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455943"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455943">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455943"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure partition at /var/log and all</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: AJ Lewis, "LVM HOWTO", http://tldp.org/HOWTO/LVM-HOWTO/
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack. Subcontrol: 6.4 Label: Ensure adequate storage for logs Description: Ensure that all systems that store logs have adequate storage space for the logs generated.
1.1.16 Ensure separate partition exists for /var/log/audit
The auditing daemon, auditd , stores log data in the /var/log/audit directory.
There are two important reasons to ensure that data gathered by auditd is stored on a separate partition: protection against resource exhaustion (since the audit.log file can grow quite large) and protection of audit data. The audit daemon calculates how much free space is left and performs actions based on the results. If other processes (such as syslog ) consume space in the same partition as auditd , it may not perform as desired.
For new installations, during installation create a custom partition setup and specify a separate partition for /var/log/audit .
For systems that were previously installed, create a new partition and configure /etc/fstab as appropriate.
Impact:
Resizing filesystems is a common activity in cloud-hosted servers. Separate filesystem partitions may prevent successful resizing, or may require the installation of additional tools solely for the purpose of resizing operations. The use of these additional tools may introduce their own security considerations.
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.16_Ensure_separate_partition_exists_for_varlogaudit"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.821+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">AJ Lewis, "LVM HOWTO", http://tldp.org/HOWTO/LVM-HOWTO/</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455945"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455945">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455945"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure partition at /var/log/audit and all</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: AJ Lewis, "LVM HOWTO", http://tldp.org/HOWTO/LVM-HOWTO/
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack. Subcontrol: 6.4 Label: Ensure adequate storage for logs Description: Ensure that all systems that store logs have adequate storage space for the logs generated.
1.1.17 Ensure separate partition exists for /home
The /home directory is used to support disk storage needs of local users.
If the system is intended to support local users, create a separate partition for the /home directory to protect against resource exhaustion and restrict the type of files that can be stored under /home .
For new installations, during installation create a custom partition setup and specify a separate partition for /home .
For systems that were previously installed, create a new partition and configure /etc/fstab as appropriate.
Impact:
Resizing filesystems is a common activity in cloud-hosted servers. Separate filesystem partitions may prevent successful resizing, or may require the installation of additional tools solely for the purpose of resizing operations. The use of these additional tools may introduce their own security considerations.
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.17_Ensure_separate_partition_exists_for_home"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.821+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">AJ Lewis, "LVM HOWTO", http://tldp.org/HOWTO/LVM-HOWTO/</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455948"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455948">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455948"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure partition at /home and all</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: AJ Lewis, "LVM HOWTO", http://tldp.org/HOWTO/LVM-HOWTO/
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
1.1.18 Ensure /home partition includes the nodev option
The nodev mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain special devices.
Since the user partitions are not intended to support devices, set this option to ensure that users cannot attempt to create block or character special devices.
Edit the /etc/fstab file and add nodev to the fourth field (mounting options) for the /home partition. See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.
# mount -o remount,nodev /home
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.18_Ensure_home_partition_includes_the_nodev_option"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.821+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456429"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456429">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456429"
check="all"
check_existence="any_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure partition at /home may exists{else}exists and all</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>Any Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
1.1.19 Ensure nodev option set on removable media partitions
The nodev mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain special devices.
Removable media containing character and block special devices could be used to circumvent security controls by allowing non-root users to access sensitive device files such as /dev/kmem or the raw disk partitions.
Edit the /etc/fstab file and add nodev to the fourth field (mounting options) of all removable media partitions. Look for entries that have mount points that contain words such as floppy or cdrom. See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.19_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_removable_media_partitions"
role="unscored"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.821+02:00"
version="1"
weight="0.0">
<xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
1.1.20 Ensure nosuid option set on removable media partitions
The nosuid mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain setuid files.
Setting this option on a file system prevents users from introducing privileged programs onto the system and allowing non-root users to execute them.
Edit the /etc/fstab file and add nosuid to the fourth field (mounting options) of all removable media partitions. Look for entries that have mount points that contain words such as floppy or cdrom. See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.20_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_removable_media_partitions"
role="unscored"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.821+02:00"
version="1"
weight="0.0">
<xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
1.1.21 Ensure noexec option set on removable media partitions
The noexec mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain executable binaries.
Setting this option on a file system prevents users from executing programs from the removable media. This deters users from being able to introduce potentially malicious software on the system.
Edit the /etc/fstab file and add noexec to the fourth field (mounting options) of all removable media partitions. Look for entries that have mount points that contain words such as floppy or cdrom. See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.21_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_removable_media_partitions"
role="unscored"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.821+02:00"
version="1"
weight="0.0">
<xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/2/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 2: Inventory and Control of Software Assets: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Actively manage (inventory, track, and correct) all software on the network so that only authorized software is installed and can execute, and that all unauthorized and unmanaged software is found and prevented from installation or execution. Subcontrol: 2.6 Label: Address unapproved software Description: Ensure that unauthorized software is either removed or the inventory is updated in a timely manner
1.1.22 Ensure sticky bit is set on all world-writable directories
Setting the sticky bit on world writable directories prevents users from deleting or renaming files in that directory that are not owned by them.
This feature prevents the ability to delete or rename files in world writable directories (such as /tmp ) that are owned by another user.
Run the following command to set the sticky bit on all world writable directories:
# df --local -P | awk '{if (NR!=1) print $6}' | xargs -I '{}' find '{}' -xdev -type
d \( -perm -0002 -a ! -perm -1000 \) 2>/dev/null | xargs -I '{}' chmod a+t '{}'
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.22_Ensure_sticky_bit_is_set_on_all_world-writable_directories"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.822+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/world_writable_dirs_sticky.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/world_writable_dirs_sticky.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\world_writable_dirs_sticky.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out/>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/world_writable_dirs_sticky.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No output lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
1.1.23 Disable Automounting
autofs allows automatic mounting of devices, typically including CD/DVDs and USB drives.
With automounting enabled anyone with physical access could attach a USB drive or disc and have its contents available in system even if they lacked permissions to mount it themselves.
Run one of the following commands:
Run the following command to disable autofs :
# systemctl --now disable autofs
OR run the following command to remove autofs
# apt purge autofs
Impact:
The use of portable hard drives is very common for workstation users. If your organization allows the use of portable storage or media on workstations and physical access controls to workstations is considered adequate there is little value add in turning off automounting.
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.23_Disable_Automounting"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.823+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/8/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1519231"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1519231_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519231"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519231">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1519231"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'autofs.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal enabled</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>autofs.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519232"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519232">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1519232"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'autofs' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 8: Malware Defenses: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Control the installation, spread, and execution of malicious code at multiple points in the enterprise, while optimizing the use of automation to enable rapid updating of defense, data gathering, and corrective action. Subcontrol: 8.4 Label: Configure Anti-Malware Scanning of Removable Devices Description: Configure devices so that they automatically conduct an anti-malware scan of removable media when inserted or connected. - Control 8: Malware Defenses: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Control the installation, spread, and execution of malicious code at multiple points in the enterprise, while optimizing the use of automation to enable rapid updating of defense, data gathering, and corrective action. Subcontrol: 8.5 Label: Configure Devices Not To Auto-Run Content Description: Configure devices to not auto-run content from removable media.
1.1.24 Disable USB Storage
USB storage provides a means to transfer and store files insuring persistence and availability of the files independent of network connection status. Its popularity and utility has led to USB-based malware being a simple and common means for network infiltration and a first step to establishing a persistent threat within a networked environment.
Note: An alternative solution to disabling the usb-storage module may be found in USBGuard. Use of USBGuard and construction of USB device policies should be done in alignment with site policy.
Restricting USB access on the system will decrease the physical attack surface for a device and diminish the possible vectors to introduce malware.
Edit or create a file in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory ending in .conf
Example: vi /etc/modprobe.d/usb_storage.conf and add the following line:
install usb-storage /bin/true
Run the following command to unload the usb-storage module:
rmmod usb-storage
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
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xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
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idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.24_Disable_USB_Storage"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.823+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/8/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455960"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455960">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455960"
check="none satisfy"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure kernel module usb-storage is not loaded</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>None satisfy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shellcommand Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Command</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>modprobe -n -v usb-storage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line Selection</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>.+</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exit Status</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Stdout Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>install /bin/true </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455961"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455961">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455961"
check="at least one"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure kernel module usb-storage is not loadable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>At least one</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shellcommand Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Command</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>modprobe -n -v usb-storage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line Selection</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>.+</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exit Status</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Stdout Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>install /bin/true </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 8: Malware Defenses: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Control the installation, spread, and execution of malicious code at multiple points in the enterprise, while optimizing the use of automation to enable rapid updating of defense, data gathering, and corrective action. Subcontrol: 8.4 Label: Configure Anti-Malware Scanning of Removable Devices Description: Configure devices so that they automatically conduct an anti-malware scan of removable media when inserted or connected. - Control 8: Malware Defenses: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Control the installation, spread, and execution of malicious code at multiple points in the enterprise, while optimizing the use of automation to enable rapid updating of defense, data gathering, and corrective action. Subcontrol: 8.5 Label: Configure Devices Not To Auto-Run Content Description: Configure devices to not auto-run content from removable media.
1.2 Configure Software Updates
Debian Family Linux distributions use apt to install and update software packages. Patch management procedures may vary widely between enterprises. Large enterprises may choose to install a local updates server that can be used in place of their distributions servers, whereas a single deployment of a system may prefer to get updates directly. Updates can be performed automatically or manually, depending on the site's policy for patch management. Many large enterprises prefer to test patches on a non-production system before rolling out to production.
For the purpose of this benchmark, the requirement is to ensure that a patch management system is configured and maintained. The specifics on patch update procedures are left to the organization.
1.2.1 Ensure package manager repositories are configured
Systems need to have package manager repositories configured to ensure they receive the latest patches and updates.
If a system's package repositories are misconfigured important patches may not be identified or a rogue repository could introduce compromised software.
Configure your package manager repositories according to site policy.
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
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xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
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idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.2.1_Ensure_package_manager_repositories_are_configured"
role="unscored"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.823+02:00"
version="1"
weight="0.0">
<xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/3/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/3/subcontrol/5"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 3: Continuous Vulnerability Management: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Continuously acquire, assess, and take action on new information in order to identify vulnerabilities, remediate, and minimize the window of opportunity for attackers. Subcontrol: 3.4 Label: Deploy Automated Operating System Patch Management Tools Description: Deploy automated software update tools in order to ensure that the operating systems are running the most recent security updates provided by the software vendor. - Control 3: Continuous Vulnerability Management: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Continuously acquire, assess, and take action on new information in order to identify vulnerabilities, remediate, and minimize the window of opportunity for attackers. Subcontrol: 3.5 Label: Deploy Automated Software Patch Management Tools Description: Deploy automated software update tools in order to ensure that third-party software on all systems is running the most recent security updates provided by the software vendor.
1.2.2 Ensure GPG keys are configured
Most packages managers implement GPG key signing to verify package integrity during installation.
It is important to ensure that updates are obtained from a valid source to protect against spoofing that could lead to the inadvertent installation of malware on the system.
Update your package manager GPG keys in accordance with site policy.
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
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xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
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role="unscored"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.823+02:00"
version="1"
weight="0.0">
<xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/3/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/3/subcontrol/5"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 3: Continuous Vulnerability Management: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Continuously acquire, assess, and take action on new information in order to identify vulnerabilities, remediate, and minimize the window of opportunity for attackers. Subcontrol: 3.4 Label: Deploy Automated Operating System Patch Management Tools Description: Deploy automated software update tools in order to ensure that the operating systems are running the most recent security updates provided by the software vendor. - Control 3: Continuous Vulnerability Management: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Continuously acquire, assess, and take action on new information in order to identify vulnerabilities, remediate, and minimize the window of opportunity for attackers. Subcontrol: 3.5 Label: Deploy Automated Software Patch Management Tools Description: Deploy automated software update tools in order to ensure that third-party software on all systems is running the most recent security updates provided by the software vendor.
1.3 Filesystem Integrity Checking
AIDE is a file integrity checking tool, similar in nature to Tripwire. While it cannot prevent intrusions, it can detect unauthorized changes to configuration files by alerting when the files are changed. When setting up AIDE, decide internally what the site policy will be concerning integrity checking. Review the AIDE quick start guide and AIDE documentation before proceeding.
1.3.1 Ensure AIDE is installed
AIDE takes a snapshot of filesystem state including modification times, permissions, and file hashes which can then be used to compare against the current state of the filesystem to detect modifications to the system.
By monitoring the filesystem state compromised files can be detected to prevent or limit the exposure of accidental or malicious misconfigurations or modified binaries.
Install AIDE using the appropriate package manager or manual installation:
# apt install aide aide-common
Configure AIDE as appropriate for your environment. Consult the AIDE documentation for options.
Run the following commands to initialize AIDE:
# aideinit
# mv /var/lib/aide/aide.db.new /var/lib/aide/aide.db
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
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xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
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xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
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xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.3.1_Ensure_AIDE_is_installed"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.823+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/9"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455965"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455965">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455965"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'aide' is installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>aide</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>amd64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1ubuntu0.1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0.16.1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:0.16.1-1ubuntu0.1</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455967"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455967">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455967"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'aide-common' is installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>aide-common</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>all</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1ubuntu0.1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0.16.1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:0.16.1-1ubuntu0.1</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification. Subcontrol: 14.9 Label: Enforce Detail Logging for Access or Changes to Sensitive Data Description: Enforce detailed audit logging for access to sensitive data or changes to sensitive data (utilizing tools such as File Integrity Monitoring or Security Information and Event Monitoring).
1.3.2 Ensure filesystem integrity is regularly checked
Periodic checking of the filesystem integrity is needed to detect changes to the filesystem.
Periodic file checking allows the system administrator to determine on a regular basis if critical files have been changed in an unauthorized fashion.
If cron will be used to schedule and run aide check:
Run the following command:
# crontab -u root -e
Add the following line to the crontab:
0 5 * * * /usr/bin/aide.wrapper --config /etc/aide/aide.conf --check
OR If aidecheck.service and aidecheck.timer will be used to schedule and run aide check:
Create or edit the file /etc/systemd/system/aidecheck.service and add the following lines:
[Unit]
Description=Aide Check
[Service]
Type=simple
ExecStart=/usr/bin/aide.wrapper --config /etc/aide/aide.conf --check
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
Create or edit the file /etc/systemd/system/aidecheck.timer and add the following lines:
[Unit]
Description=Aide check every day at 5AM
[Timer]
OnCalendar=*-*-* 05:00:00
Unit=aidecheck.service
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
Run the following commands:
# chown root:root /etc/systemd/system/aidecheck.*
# chmod 0644 /etc/systemd/system/aidecheck.*
# systemctl daemon-reload
# systemctl enable aidecheck.service
# systemctl --now enable aidecheck.timer
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.3.2_Ensure_filesystem_integrity_is_regularly_checked"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.826+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/9"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://github.com/konstruktoid/hardening/blob/master/config/aidecheck.service</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://github.com/konstruktoid/hardening/blob/master/config/aidecheck.timer</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1529478"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1529478">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1529478"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /var/spool/cron/ exists and matches pattern ^([-0-9*\/,A-Za-z]+\s+){5}([^#]+\s+)?\/usr\/bin\/aide\.wrapper\s--config\s+\/etc\/aide\/aide\.conf\s--check\b.*$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/spool/cron/crontabs/root</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/spool/cron/crontabs</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>root</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^([-0-9*\/,A-Za-z]+\s+){5}([^#]+\s+)?\/usr\/bin\/aide\.wrapper\s--config\s+\/etc\/aide\/aide\.conf\s--check\b.*$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0 5 * * * /usr/bin/aide.wrapper --config /etc/aide/aide.conf --check</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0 5 * * * /usr/bin/aide.wrapper --config /etc/aide/aide.conf --check</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>* </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1529479"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1529479">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1529479"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/crontab exists and matches pattern ^([-0-9*\/,A-Za-z]+\s+){5}([^#]+\s+)?\/usr\/bin\/aide\.wrapper\s--config\s+\/etc\/aide\/aide\.conf\s--check\b.*$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1529480"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1529480">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1529480"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/cron.d exists and matches pattern ^([-0-9*\/,A-Za-z]+\s+){5}([^#]+\s+)?\/usr\/bin\/aide\.wrapper\s--config\s+\/etc\/aide\/aide\.conf\s--check\b.*$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1529481"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1529481">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1529481"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/cron.hourly exists and matches pattern ^\s*([^#]+\s+)?\/usr\/bin\/aide\.wrapper\s--config\s+\/etc\/aide\/aide\.conf\s--check\b.*$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1529482"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1529482">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1529482"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/cron.daily exists and matches pattern ^\s*([^#]+\s+)?\/usr\/bin\/aide\.wrapper\s--config\s+\/etc\/aide\/aide\.conf\s--check\b.*$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1529483"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1529483">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1529483"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/cron.weekly exists and matches pattern ^\s*([^#]+\s+)?\/usr\/bin\/aide\.wrapper\s--config\s+\/etc\/aide\/aide\.conf\s--check\b.*$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1529484"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1529484">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1529484"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/cron.monthly exists and matches pattern ^\s*([^#]+\s+)?\/usr\/bin\/aide\.wrapper\s--config\s+\/etc\/aide\/aide\.conf\s--check\b.*$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1529489"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1529489">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1529489"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/cron.daily/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*aide.wrapper\s+\$AIDEARGS\s+\"--\$COMMAND\"\s*.*$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/cron.daily/aide</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/cron.daily</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>aide</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\s*aide.wrapper\s+\$AIDEARGS\s+\"--\$COMMAND\"\s*.*$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>
aide.wrapper $AIDEARGS "--$COMMAND" >|"$ARUNLOG" 2>|"$AERRLOG" && ARETVAL="$?"</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>
aide.wrapper $AIDEARGS "--$COMMAND" >|"$ARUNLOG" 2>|"$AERRLOG" && ARETVAL="$?"</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1529485"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1529485_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1529485"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1529485">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1529485"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'aidecheck.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals enabled</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>aidecheck.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1529486"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1529486_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1529486"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1529486">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1529486"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'aidecheck.timer' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals enabled</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>aidecheck.timer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1529487"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1529487_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1529487"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1529487">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1529487"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'aidecheck.timer' unit 'Unit' property equals 'aidecheck.service'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>aidecheck.timer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>Unit</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1529488"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1529488">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1529488"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file(s) named aidecheck.service in /etc/systemd/system/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*ExecStart=([^#]+\s+)?\/usr\/bin\/aide\.wrapper\s--config\s\/etc\/aide\/aide\.conf\s--check\b.*$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: https://github.com/konstruktoid/hardening/blob/master/config/aidecheck.service
- URL: https://github.com/konstruktoid/hardening/blob/master/config/aidecheck.timer
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification. Subcontrol: 14.9 Label: Enforce Detail Logging for Access or Changes to Sensitive Data Description: Enforce detailed audit logging for access to sensitive data or changes to sensitive data (utilizing tools such as File Integrity Monitoring or Security Information and Event Monitoring).
1.4 Secure Boot Settings
The recommendations in this section focus on securing the bootloader and settings involved in the boot process directly.
1.4.1 Ensure permissions on bootloader config are not overridden
The permissions on /boot/grub/grub.cfg are changed to 444 when gub.cfg is updated by the update-grub command
Setting the permissions to read and write for root only prevents non-root users from seeing the boot parameters or changing them. Non-root users who read the boot parameters may be able to identify weaknesses in security upon boot and be able to exploit them.
Run the following command to update chmod 444 to chmod 400 in /usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig :
# sed -ri 's/chmod\s+[0-7][0-7][0-7]\s+\$\{grub_cfg\}\.new/chmod 400 ${grub_cfg}.new/'
/usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig
Run the following command to remove check on password not being set to before running chmod command:
# sed -ri 's/ && ! grep "\^password" \$\{grub_cfg\}.new >\/dev\/null//' /usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.1_Ensure_permissions_on_bootloader_config_are_not_overridden"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.826+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1481316"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1481316">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1481316"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig exists and matches pattern ^\s*chmod\s+400\s+\$\{grub_cfg\}\.new\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/usr/sbin</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>grub-mkconfig</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\s*chmod\s+400\s+\$\{grub_cfg\}\.new\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td> chmod 400 ${grub_cfg}.new</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td> chmod 400 ${grub_cfg}.new</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1481317"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1481317">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1481317"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig exists and matches pattern ^\s*if\s+\[ "x\$\{grub_cfg\}" != "x" \]&! grep "\^password" \$\{grub_cfg\}\.new >\/dev\/null</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification. Subcontrol: 14.6 Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
1.4.2 Ensure bootloader password is set
Setting the boot loader password will require that anyone rebooting the system must enter a password before being able to set command line boot parameters
Requiring a boot password upon execution of the boot loader will prevent an unauthorized user from entering boot parameters or changing the boot partition. This prevents users from weakening security (e.g. turning off AppArmor at boot time).
Create an encrypted password with grub-mkpasswd-pbkdf2 :
# grub-mkpasswd-pbkdf2
Enter password: <password>
Reenter password: <password>
PBKDF2 hash of your password is <encrypted-password>
Add the following into a custom /etc/grub.d configuration file:
cat <<EOF
set superusers="<username>"
password_pbkdf2 <username> <encrypted-password>
EOF
The superuser/user information and password should not be contained in the /etc/grub.d/00_header file as this file could be overwritten in a package update.
If there is a requirement to be able to boot/reboot without entering the password, edit /etc/grub.d/10_linux and add --unrestricted to the line CLASS=
Example:
CLASS="--class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted"
Run the following command to update the grub2 configuration:
# update-grub
Impact:
If password protection is enabled, only the designated superuser can edit a Grub 2 menu item by pressing "e" or access the GRUB 2 command line by pressing "c"
If GRUB 2 is set up to boot automatically to a password-protected menu entry the user has no option to back out of the password prompt to select another menu entry. Holding the SHIFT key will not display the menu in this case. The user must enter the correct username and password. If unable, the configuration files will have to be edited via the LiveCD or other means to fix the problem
You can add --unrestricted to the menu entries to allow the system to boot without entering a password. Password will still be required to edit menu items.
More Information: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2/Passwords
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.2_Ensure_bootloader_password_is_set"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.826+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456006"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456006">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456006"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /boot/grub/grub.cfg exists and matches pattern ^\s*set\s+superusers\s*=\s*"[^"]*"\s*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456009"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456009">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456009"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /boot/grub/grub.cfg exists and matches pattern ^\s*password_pbkdf2\s+\S+\s+\S+\s*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
1.4.3 Ensure permissions on bootloader config are configured
The grub configuration file contains information on boot settings and passwords for unlocking boot options.
Setting the permissions to read and write for root only prevents non-root users from seeing the boot parameters or changing them. Non-root users who read the boot parameters may be able to identify weaknesses in security upon boot and be able to exploit them.
Run the following commands to set permissions on your grub configuration:
# chown root:root /boot/grub/grub.cfg
# chmod u-wx,go-rwx /boot/grub/grub.cfg
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.3_Ensure_permissions_on_bootloader_config_are_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.826+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456013"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456013">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456013"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /boot/grub/grub.cfg exists and is owned by 0:0 and does not have permissions -wxrwxrwx</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/boot/grub/grub.cfg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/boot/grub</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>grub.cfg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>regular</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676810593</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676810593</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676810593</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>11521</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
1.4.4 Ensure authentication required for single user mode
Single user mode is used for recovery when the system detects an issue during boot or by manual selection from the bootloader.
Requiring authentication in single user mode prevents an unauthorized user from rebooting the system into single user to gain root privileges without credentials.
Run the following command and follow the prompts to set a password for the root user:
# passwd root
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.4_Ensure_authentication_required_for_single_user_mode"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.827+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1470786"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1470786_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1470786"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1470786">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1470786"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure usernames equals root have shadow parameter password Pattern Match ^\$[0-9] (string)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shadow Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Username</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>root</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Password</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>$6$[OBFUSCATED HASHED PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Lst</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>19407</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Allow</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Req</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>99999</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Warn</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Inact</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Date</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Flag</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Encrypt Method</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>SHA-512</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
1.5 Additional Process Hardening
1.5.1 Ensure XD/NX support is enabled
Recent processors in the x86 family support the ability to prevent code execution on a per memory page basis. Generically and on AMD processors, this ability is called No Execute (NX), while on Intel processors it is called Execute Disable (XD). This ability can help prevent exploitation of buffer overflow vulnerabilities and should be activated whenever possible. Extra steps must be taken to ensure that this protection is enabled, particularly on 32-bit x86 systems. Other processors, such as Itanium and POWER, have included such support since inception and the standard kernel for those platforms supports the feature.
Note: Ensure your system supports the XD or NX bit and has PAE support before implementing this recommendation as this may prevent it from booting if these are not supported by your hardware
Enabling any feature that can protect against buffer overflow attacks enhances the security of the system.
On 32 bit systems install a kernel with PAE support, no installation is required on 64 bit systems:
If necessary configure your bootloader to load the new kernel and reboot the system.
You may need to enable NX or XD support in your bios.
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.1_Ensure_XDNX_support_is_enabled"
role="unscored"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.827+02:00"
version="1"
weight="0.0">
<xccdf:result>informational</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/8/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/xdnd_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/xdnd_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\xdnd_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>XD/ND support enabled</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/xdnd_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>XD/ND support enabled</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/arch64_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/arch64_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\arch64_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out/>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/arch64_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No output lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 8: Malware Defenses: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Control the installation, spread, and execution of malicious code at multiple points in the enterprise, while optimizing the use of automation to enable rapid updating of defense, data gathering, and corrective action. Subcontrol: 8.3 Label: Enable Operating System Anti-Exploitation Features/ Deploy Anti-Exploit Technologies Description: Enable anti-exploitation features such as Data Execution Prevention (DEP) or Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) that are available in an operating system or deploy appropriate toolkits that can be configured to apply protection to a broader set of applications and executables.
1.5.2 Ensure address space layout randomization (ASLR) is enabled
Address space layout randomization (ASLR) is an exploit mitigation technique which randomly arranges the address space of key data areas of a process.
Randomly placing virtual memory regions will make it difficult to write memory page exploits as the memory placement will be consistently shifting.
Set the following parameter in /etc/sysctl.conf or a /etc/sysctl.d/* file ending in .conf :
kernel.randomize_va_space = 2
Run the following script to comment out entries that override the default setting of kernel.randomize_va_space:
#!/usr/bin/bash
for file in /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf /usr/lib/sysctl.d/*.conf /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/*.conf
/run/sysctl.d/*.conf; do
if [ -f "$file" ]; then
grep -Esq "^\s*kernel\.randomize_va_space\s*=\s*([0-1]|[3-9]|[1-9][0-9]+)" "$file"
&& sed -ri 's/^\s*kernel\.randomize_va_space\s*=\s*([0-1]|[3-9]|[1-9][0-9]+)/# &/gi'
"$file"
fi
done
Run the following command to set the active kernel parameter:
# sysctl -w kernel.randomize_va_space=2
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.2_Ensure_address_space_layout_randomization_ASLR_is_enabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.827+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/8/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/focal/man5/sysctl.d.5.html</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1507296_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/sysctl_running_config.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/sysctl_running_config.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\sysctl_running_config.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>sysctl parameter is: kernel.randomize_va_space = 2</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*kernel\.randomize_va_space\s*=\s*2\b</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/sysctl_running_config.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>sysctl parameter is: kernel.randomize_va_space = 2</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1507297"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1507297">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1507297"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/sysctl.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*kernel\.randomize_va_space\s*=\s*([0-1]|[3-9]|[0-9][0-9]+)\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1507298"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1507298">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1507298"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/sysctl.d/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*kernel\.randomize_va_space\s*=\s*([0-1]|[3-9]|[0-9][0-9]+)\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1507299"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1507299">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1507299"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*kernel\.randomize_va_space\s*=\s*([0-1]|[3-9]|[0-9][0-9]+)\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1507300"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1507300">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1507300"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensurefile(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /run/sysctl.d/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*kernel\.randomize_va_space\s*=\s*([0-1]|[3-9]|[0-9][0-9]+)\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1507301"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1507301">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1507301"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*kernel\.randomize_va_space\s*=\s*([0-1]|[3-9]|[0-9][0-9]+)\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/focal/man5/sysctl.d.5.html
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 8: Malware Defenses: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Control the installation, spread, and execution of malicious code at multiple points in the enterprise, while optimizing the use of automation to enable rapid updating of defense, data gathering, and corrective action. Subcontrol: 8.3 Label: Enable Operating System Anti-Exploitation Features/ Deploy Anti-Exploit Technologies Description: Enable anti-exploitation features such as Data Execution Prevention (DEP) or Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) that are available in an operating system or deploy appropriate toolkits that can be configured to apply protection to a broader set of applications and executables.
1.5.3 Ensure prelink is not installed
prelink is a program that modifies ELF shared libraries and ELF dynamically linked binaries in such a way that the time needed for the dynamic linker to perform relocations at startup significantly decreases.
The prelinking feature can interfere with the operation of AIDE, because it changes binaries. Prelinking can also increase the vulnerability of the system if a malicious user is able to compromise a common library such as libc.
Run the following command to restore binaries to normal:
# prelink -ua
Uninstall prelink using the appropriate package manager or manual installation:
# apt purge prelink
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.3_Ensure_prelink_is_not_installed"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.828+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/9"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519000"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519000">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1519000"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'prelink' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification. Subcontrol: 14.9 Label: Enforce Detail Logging for Access or Changes to Sensitive Data Description: Enforce detailed audit logging for access to sensitive data or changes to sensitive data (utilizing tools such as File Integrity Monitoring or Security Information and Event Monitoring).
1.5.4 Ensure core dumps are restricted
A core dump is the memory of an executable program. It is generally used to determine why a program aborted. It can also be used to glean confidential information from a core file. The system provides the ability to set a soft limit for core dumps, but this can be overridden by the user.
Setting a hard limit on core dumps prevents users from overriding the soft variable. If core dumps are required, consider setting limits for user groups (see limits.conf(5) ). In addition, setting the fs.suid_dumpable variable to 0 will prevent setuid programs from dumping core.
Add the following line to /etc/security/limits.conf or a /etc/security/limits.d/* file:
* hard core 0
Set the following parameter in /etc/sysctl.conf or a /etc/sysctl.d/* file:
fs.suid_dumpable = 0
Run the following command to set the active kernel parameter:
# sysctl -w fs.suid_dumpable=0
IF systemd-coredump is installed:
edit /etc/systemd/coredump.conf and add/modify the following lines:
Storage=none
ProcessSizeMax=0
Run the command:
systemctl daemon-reload
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.4_Ensure_core_dumps_are_restricted"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.828+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1474535"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1474535">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1474535"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/security/limits.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*\*\s+hard\s+core\s+0\s*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/security/limits.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/security</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>limits.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\s*\*\s+hard\s+core\s+0\s*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>* hard core 0
#* soft core 0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>* hard core 0
#* soft core 0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>
#* soft core 0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1474536"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1474536">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1474536"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/security/limits.d exists and matches pattern ^\s*\*\s+hard\s+core\s+0\s*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1474537_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/sysctl_running_config.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/sysctl_running_config.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\sysctl_running_config.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>sysctl parameter is: fs.suid_dumpable = 0</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*fs\.suid_dumpable\s*=\s*0\s*$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/sysctl_running_config.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>sysctl parameter is: fs.suid_dumpable = 0</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1474538"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1474538">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1474538"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/sysctl.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*fs\.suid_dumpable\s*=\s*0\s*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/sysctl.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>sysctl.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\s*fs\.suid_dumpable\s*=\s*0\s*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>fs.suid_dumpable = 0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>fs.suid_dumpable = 0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1474539"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1474539">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1474539"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/sysctl.d exists and matches pattern ^\s*fs\.suid_dumpable\s*=\s*0\s*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
1.6 Mandatory Access Control
Mandatory Access Control (MAC) provides an additional layer of access restrictions to processes on top of the base Discretionary Access Controls. By restricting how processes can access files and resources on a system the potential impact from vulnerabilities in the processes can be reduced.
Impact: Mandatory Access Control limits the capabilities of applications and daemons on a system, while this can prevent unauthorized access the configuration of MAC can be complex and difficult to implement correctly preventing legitimate access from occurring.
Notes:
- Apparmor is the default MAC provided with Debian systems.
- Additional Mandatory Access Control systems to include SELinux exist. If a different Mandatory Access Control systems is used, please follow it's vendors guidance for proper implementation in place of the guidance provided in this section
1.6.1 Configure AppArmor
AppArmor provides a Mandatory Access Control (MAC) system that greatly augments the default Discretionary Access Control (DAC) model. Under AppArmor MAC rules are applied by file paths instead of by security contexts as in other MAC systems. As such it does not require support in the filesystem and can be applied to network mounted filesystems for example. AppArmor security policies define what system resources applications can access and what privileges they can do so with. This automatically limits the damage that the software can do to files accessible by the calling user. The user does not need to take any action to gain this benefit. For an action to occur, both the traditional DAC permissions must be satisfied as well as the AppArmor MAC rules. The action will not be allowed if either one of these models does not permit the action. In this way, AppArmor rules can only make a system's permissions more restrictive and secure.
References:
- AppArmor Documentation: http://wiki.apparmor.net/index.php/Documentation
- Ubuntu AppArmor Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/AppArmor
- SUSE AppArmor Documentation: https://www.suse.com/documentation/apparmor/
1.6.1.1 Ensure AppArmor is installed
AppArmor provides Mandatory Access Controls.
Without a Mandatory Access Control system installed only the default Discretionary Access Control system will be available.
Install AppArmor.
# apt install apparmor
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.1.1_Ensure_AppArmor_is_installed"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.829+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456056"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456056">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456056"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'apparmor' is installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>apparmor</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>amd64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>7ubuntu5.1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>2.13.3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:2.13.3-7ubuntu5.1</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification. Subcontrol: 14.6 Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
1.6.1.2 Ensure AppArmor is enabled in the bootloader configuration
Configure AppArmor to be enabled at boot time and verify that it has not been overwritten by the bootloader boot parameters.
Note: This recommendation is designed around the grub bootloader, if LILO or another bootloader is in use in your environment enact equivalent settings.
AppArmor must be enabled at boot time in your bootloader configuration to ensure that the controls it provides are not overridden.
Edit /etc/default/grub and add the apparmor=1 and security=apparmor parameters to the GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX= line
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="apparmor=1 security=apparmor"
Run the following command to update the grub2 configuration:
# update-grub
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.1.2_Ensure_AppArmor_is_enabled_in_the_bootloader_configuration"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.829+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1456061"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_14560611_var"/>
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:14560612"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_14560612_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456061"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456061">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456061"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure /boot/grub/grub.cfg contents Pattern Match apparmor=1 (string)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/boot/grub/grub.cfg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/boot/grub</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>grub.cfg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^[^#]\s*linux.*$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td> linux /boot/vmlinuz-5.15.0-1029-gcp root=PARTUUID=7117a286-b63e-4344-8549-0ac4f4aed02b ro audit_backlog_limit=8192 console=ttyS0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td> linux /boot/vmlinuz-5.15.0-1029-gcp root=PARTUUID=7117a286-b63e-4344-8549-0ac4f4aed02b ro audit_backlog_limit=8192 console=ttyS0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1456064"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_14560641_var"/>
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:14560642"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_14560642_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456064"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456064">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456064"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure /boot/grub/grub.cfg contents Pattern Match security=apparmor (string)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/boot/grub/grub.cfg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/boot/grub</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>grub.cfg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^[^#]\s*linux.*$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td> linux /boot/vmlinuz-5.15.0-1029-gcp root=PARTUUID=7117a286-b63e-4344-8549-0ac4f4aed02b ro audit_backlog_limit=8192 console=ttyS0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td> linux /boot/vmlinuz-5.15.0-1029-gcp root=PARTUUID=7117a286-b63e-4344-8549-0ac4f4aed02b ro audit_backlog_limit=8192 console=ttyS0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification. Subcontrol: 14.6 Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
1.6.1.3 Ensure all AppArmor Profiles are in enforce or complain mode
AppArmor profiles define what resources applications are able to access.
Security configuration requirements vary from site to site. Some sites may mandate a policy that is stricter than the default policy, which is perfectly acceptable. This item is intended to ensure that any policies that exist on the system are activated.
Run the following command to set all profiles to enforce mode:
# aa-enforce /etc/apparmor.d/*
OR
Run the following command to set all profiles to complain mode:
# aa-complain /etc/apparmor.d/*
Note: Any unconfined processes may need to have a profile created or activated for them and then be restarted
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.1.3_Ensure_all_AppArmor_Profiles_are_in_enforce_or_complain_mode"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.829+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1490578_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_apparmor_profiles_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_apparmor_profiles_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_apparmor_profiles_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED!</l>
<l>1 processes are unconfined but have a profile defined</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">complain</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_apparmor_profiles_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED!</li>
<li>1 processes are unconfined but have a profile defined</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification. Subcontrol: 14.6 Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
1.6.1.4 Ensure all AppArmor Profiles are enforcing
AppArmor profiles define what resources applications are able to access.
Security configuration requirements vary from site to site. Some sites may mandate a policy that is stricter than the default policy, which is perfectly acceptable. This item is intended to ensure that any policies that exist on the system are activated.
Run the following command to set all profiles to enforce mode:
# aa-enforce /etc/apparmor.d/*
Note: Any unconfined processes may need to have a profile created or activated for them and then be restarted
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.1.4_Ensure_all_AppArmor_Profiles_are_enforcing"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.829+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1490581_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_apparmor_profiles_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_apparmor_profiles_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_apparmor_profiles_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED!</l>
<l>1 processes are unconfined but have a profile defined</l>
<l>Not all profiles are in enforcing mode</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">enforce</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_apparmor_profiles_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED!</li>
<li>1 processes are unconfined but have a profile defined</li>
<li>Not all profiles are in enforcing mode</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification. Subcontrol: 14.6 Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
1.7 Command Line Warning Banners
Presenting a warning message prior to the normal user login may assist in the prosecution of trespassers on the computer system. Changing some of these login banners also has the side effect of hiding OS version information and other detailed system information from attackers attempting to target specific exploits at a system. The /etc/motd , /etc/issue , and /etc/issue.net files govern warning banners for standard command line logins for both local and remote users.
Guidelines published by the US Department of Defense require that warning messages include at least the name of the organization that owns the system, the fact that the system is subject to monitoring and that such monitoring is in compliance with local statutes, and that use of the system implies consent to such monitoring. It is important that the organization's legal counsel review the content of all messages before any system modifications are made, as these warning messages are inherently site-specific. More information (including citations of relevant case law) can be found at http://www.justice.gov/criminal/cybercrime/
Note: The text provided in the remediation actions for these items is intended as an example only. Please edit to include the specific text for your organization as approved by your legal department
1.7.1 Ensure message of the day is configured properly
The contents of the /etc/motd file are displayed to users after login and function as a message of the day for authenticated users.
Unix-based systems have typically displayed information about the OS release and patch level upon logging in to the system. This information can be useful to developers who are developing software for a particular OS platform. If mingetty(8) supports the following options, they display operating system information: \m - machine architecture \r - operating system release \s - operating system name \v - operating system version
Warning messages inform users who are attempting to login to the system of their legal status regarding the system and must include the name of the organization that owns the system and any monitoring policies that are in place. Displaying OS and patch level information in login banners also has the side effect of providing detailed system information to attackers attempting to target specific exploits of a system. Authorized users can easily get this information by running the " uname -a " command once they have logged in.
Edit the /etc/motd file with the appropriate contents according to your site policy, remove any instances of \m , \r , \s , \v or references to the OS platform
OR if the motd is not used, this file can be removed.
Run the following command to remove the motd file:
# rm /etc/motd
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.1_Ensure_message_of_the_day_is_configured_properly"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.829+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/wbmotd.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/wbmotd.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\wbmotd.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>Warning Banner "/etc/motd" passed</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/wbmotd.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>Warning Banner "/etc/motd" passed</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
1.7.2 Ensure local login warning banner is configured properly
The contents of the /etc/issue file are displayed to users prior to login for local terminals.
Unix-based systems have typically displayed information about the OS release and patch level upon logging in to the system. This information can be useful to developers who are developing software for a particular OS platform. If mingetty(8) supports the following options, they display operating system information: \m - machine architecture \r - operating system release \s - operating system name \v - operating system version - or the operating system's name
Warning messages inform users who are attempting to login to the system of their legal status regarding the system and must include the name of the organization that owns the system and any monitoring policies that are in place. Displaying OS and patch level information in login banners also has the side effect of providing detailed system information to attackers attempting to target specific exploits of a system. Authorized users can easily get this information by running the " uname -a " command once they have logged in.
Edit the /etc/issue file with the appropriate contents according to your site policy, remove any instances of \m , \r , \s , \v or references to the OS platform
# echo "Authorized uses only. All activity may be monitored and reported." > /etc/issue
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.2_Ensure_local_login_warning_banner_is_configured_properly"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.830+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/wbissue.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/wbissue.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\wbissue.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>Warning Banner "/etc/issue" passed</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/wbissue.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>Warning Banner "/etc/issue" passed</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
1.7.3 Ensure remote login warning banner is configured properly
The contents of the /etc/issue.net file are displayed to users prior to login for remote connections from configured services.
Unix-based systems have typically displayed information about the OS release and patch level upon logging in to the system. This information can be useful to developers who are developing software for a particular OS platform. If mingetty(8) supports the following options, they display operating system information: \m - machine architecture \r - operating system release \s - operating system name \v - operating system version
Warning messages inform users who are attempting to login to the system of their legal status regarding the system and must include the name of the organization that owns the system and any monitoring policies that are in place. Displaying OS and patch level information in login banners also has the side effect of providing detailed system information to attackers attempting to target specific exploits of a system. Authorized users can easily get this information by running the " uname -a " command once they have logged in.
Edit the /etc/issue.net file with the appropriate contents according to your site policy, remove any instances of \m , \r , \s , \v or references to the OS platform
# echo "Authorized uses only. All activity may be monitored and reported." > /etc/issue.net
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.3_Ensure_remote_login_warning_banner_is_configured_properly"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.830+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/wbissue.net.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/wbissue.net.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\wbissue.net.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>Warning Banner "/etc/issue.net" passed</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/wbissue.net.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>Warning Banner "/etc/issue.net" passed</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
1.7.4 Ensure permissions on /etc/motd are configured
The contents of the /etc/motd file are displayed to users after login and function as a message of the day for authenticated users.
If the /etc/motd file does not have the correct ownership it could be modified by unauthorized users with incorrect or misleading information.
Run the following commands to set permissions on /etc/motd :
# chown root:root $(readlink -e /etc/motd)
# chmod u-x,go-wx $(readlink -e /etc/motd)
OR run the following command to remove the /etc/motd file:
# rm /etc/motd
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.4_Ensure_permissions_on_etcmotd_are_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.830+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1529440_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_symlink_file_perm644_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_symlink_file_perm644_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_symlink_file_perm644_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED!</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">/etc/motd</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_symlink_file_perm644_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED!</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1529441"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1529441">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1529441"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/motd exists and unknown test</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
1.7.5 Ensure permissions on /etc/issue are configured
The contents of the /etc/issue file are displayed to users prior to login for local terminals.
If the /etc/issue file does not have the correct ownership it could be modified by unauthorized users with incorrect or misleading information.
Run the following commands to set permissions on /etc/issue :
# chown root:root $(readlink -e /etc/issue)
# chmod u-x,go-wx $(readlink -e /etc/issue)
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.5_Ensure_permissions_on_etcissue_are_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.830+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1524859_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_symlink_file_perm644_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_symlink_file_perm644_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_symlink_file_perm644_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>PASSED!</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">/etc/issue</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_symlink_file_perm644_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>PASSED!</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
1.7.6 Ensure permissions on /etc/issue.net are configured
The contents of the /etc/issue.net file are displayed to users prior to login for remote connections from configured services.
If the /etc/issue.net file does not have the correct ownership it could be modified by unauthorized users with incorrect or misleading information.
Run the following commands to set permissions on /etc/issue.net :
# chown root:root $(readlink -e /etc/issue.net)
# chmod u-x,go-wx $(readlink -e /etc/issue.net)
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.6_Ensure_permissions_on_etcissue.net_are_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.830+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1524860_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_symlink_file_perm644_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_symlink_file_perm644_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_symlink_file_perm644_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>PASSED!</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">/etc/issue.net</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_symlink_file_perm644_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>PASSED!</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
1.8 GNOME Display Manager
The GNOME Display Manager (GDM) is a program that manages graphical display servers and handles graphical user logins.
Note: If GDM is not installed on the system, this section can be skipped
1.8.1 Ensure GNOME Display Manager is removed
The GNOME Display Manager (GDM) is a program that manages graphical display servers and handles graphical user logins.
If a Graphical User Interface (GUI) is not required, it should be removed to reduce the attack surface of the system.
Run the following command to uninstall gdm3 :
# apt purge gdm3
Impact:
Removing the GNOME Display manager will remove the Graphical User Interface (GUI) from the system.
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.1_Ensure_GNOME_Display_Manager_is_removed"
role="unscored"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.830+02:00"
version="1"
weight="0.0">
<xccdf:result>informational</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/2/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456126"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456126">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456126"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'gdm3' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 2: Inventory and Control of Software Assets: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Actively manage (inventory, track, and correct) all software on the network so that only authorized software is installed and can execute, and that all unauthorized and unmanaged software is found and prevented from installation or execution. Subcontrol: 2.6 Label: Address unapproved software Description: Ensure that unauthorized software is either removed or the inventory is updated in a timely manner
1.8.2 Ensure GDM login banner is configured
GDM is the GNOME Display Manager which handles graphical login for GNOME based systems.
Warning messages inform users who are attempting to login to the system of their legal status regarding the system and must include the name of the organization that owns the system and any monitoring policies that are in place.
Edit or create the file /etc/gdm3/greeter.dconf-defaults and add the following:
[org/gnome/login-screen]
banner-message-enable=true
banner-message-text='<banner message>'
disable-user-list=true
Example banner message: 'Authorized uses only. All activity may be monitored and reported.'
Run the following command to re-load GDM on the next login or reboot:
# dpkg-reconfigure gdm3
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.2_Ensure_GDM_login_banner_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.831+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456134"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456134">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456134"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/gdm3/greeter.dconf-defaults exists and matches pattern ^\s*\[org\/gnome\/login-screen\]\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456137"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456137">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456137"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/gdm3/greeter.dconf-defaults exists and matches pattern ^\s*banner-message-enable\s*=\s*true\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456142"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456142">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456142"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/gdm3/greeter.dconf-defaults exists and matches pattern ^\s*banner-message-text\s*=\s*('|").+('|")\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456145"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456145">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456145"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'gdm3' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
1.8.3 Ensure disable-user-list is enabled
GDM is the GNOME Display Manager which handles graphical login for GNOME based systems.
The disable-user-list option controls is a list of users is displayed on the login screen
Displaying the user list eliminates half of the Userid/Password equation that an unauthorized person would need to log on.
Edit or create the file /etc/gdm3/greeter.dconf-defaults and edit or add the following:
[org/gnome/login-screen]
banner-message-enable=true
banner-message-text='<banner message>'
disable-user-list=true
Run the following command to re-load GDM on the next login or reboot:
# dpkg-reconfigure gdm3
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.3_Ensure_disable-user-list_is_enabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.831+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456151"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456151">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456151"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/gdm3/greeter.dconf-defaults exists and matches pattern ^\s*disable-user-list\s*=\s*true\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456156"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456156">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456156"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'gdm3' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
1.8.4 Ensure XDCMP is not enabled
X Display Manager Control Protocol (XDMCP) is designed to provide authenticated access to display management services for remote displays
XDMCP is inherently insecure.
- XDMCP is not a ciphered protocol. This may allow an attacker to capture keystrokes entered by a user
- XDMCP is vulnerable to man-in-the-middle attacks. This may allow an attacker to steal the credentials of legitimate users by impersonating the XDMCP server.
Edit the file /etc/gdm3/custom.conf and remove the line:
Enable=true
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.4_Ensure_XDCMP_is_not_enabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.831+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456163"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456163">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456163"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/gdm3/custom.conf exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\s*Enable\s*=\s*true\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.2 Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
1.9 Ensure updates, patches, and additional security software are installed
Periodically patches are released for included software either due to security flaws or to include additional functionality.
Newer patches may contain security enhancements that would not be available through the latest full update. As a result, it is recommended that the latest software patches be used to take advantage of the latest functionality. As with any software installation, organizations need to determine if a given update meets their requirements and verify the compatibility and supportability of any additional software against the update revision that is selected.
Run the following command to update all packages following local site policy guidance on applying updates and patches:
# apt upgrade
OR
# apt dist-upgrade
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.9_Ensure_updates_patches_and_additional_security_software_are_installed"
role="unscored"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.831+02:00"
version="1"
weight="0.0">
<xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/3/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/3/subcontrol/5"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 3: Continuous Vulnerability Management: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Continuously acquire, assess, and take action on new information in order to identify vulnerabilities, remediate, and minimize the window of opportunity for attackers. Subcontrol: 3.4 Label: Deploy Automated Operating System Patch Management Tools Description: Deploy automated software update tools in order to ensure that the operating systems are running the most recent security updates provided by the software vendor. - Control 3: Continuous Vulnerability Management: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Continuously acquire, assess, and take action on new information in order to identify vulnerabilities, remediate, and minimize the window of opportunity for attackers. Subcontrol: 3.5 Label: Deploy Automated Software Patch Management Tools Description: Deploy automated software update tools in order to ensure that third-party software on all systems is running the most recent security updates provided by the software vendor.
2 Services
While applying system updates and patches helps correct known vulnerabilities, one of the best ways to protect the system against as yet unreported vulnerabilities is to disable all services that are not required for normal system operation. This prevents the exploitation of vulnerabilities discovered at a later date. If a service is not enabled, it cannot be exploited. The actions in this section of the document provide guidance on some services which can be safely disabled and under which circumstances, greatly reducing the number of possible threats to the resulting system. Additionally some services which should remain enabled but with secure configuration are covered as well as insecure service clients.
Note: This should not be considered a comprehensive list of insecure services. You may wish to consider additions to those listed here for your environment.
2.1 Special Purpose Services
This section describes services that are installed on systems that specifically need to run these services. If any of these services are not required, it is recommended that they be deleted from the system to reduce the potential attack surface. If a package is required as a dependency, and the service is not required, the service should be stopped and masked.
The following command can be used to stop and mask the service:
# systemctl --now mask <service_name>
2.1.1 Time Synchronization
It is recommended that physical systems and virtual guests lacking direct access to the physical host's clock be configured to synchronize their time using a service such as systemd-timesyncd, chrony, or ntp.
Notes:
- If access to a physical host's clock is available and configured according to site policy, this section can be skipped
- Only one time synchronization method should be in use on the system
- Only the section related to the time synchronization method in use on the system should be followed, all other time synchronization recommendations should be skipped
- If access to a physical host's clock is available and configured according to site policy, systemd-timesyncd should be stopped and masked
2.1.1.1 Ensure time synchronization is in use
System time should be synchronized between all systems in an environment. This is typically done by establishing an authoritative time server or set of servers and having all systems synchronize their clocks to them.
Notes:
- If access to a physical host's clock is available and configured according to site policy, this section can be skipped
- Only one time synchronization method should be in use on the system
- If access to a physical host's clock is available and configured according to site policy, systemd-timesyncd should be stopped and masked
Time synchronization is important to support time sensitive security mechanisms like Kerberos and also ensures log files have consistent time records across the enterprise, which aids in forensic investigations.
On systems where host based time synchronization is not available, configure systemd-timesyncd. If "full featured" and/or encrypted time synchronization is required, install chrony or NTP.
To install chrony:
# apt install chrony
To install ntp:
# apt install ntp
On virtual systems where host based time synchronization is available consult your virtualization software documentation and setup host based synchronization
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.1.1_Ensure_time_synchronization_is_in_use"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.831+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455929"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455929">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455929"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'ntp' is installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455930"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455930">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455930"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'chrony' is installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>chrony</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>amd64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>6ubuntu6.2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>3.5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:3.5-6ubuntu6.2</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455932"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455932">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455932"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure standard service 'systemd-timesyncd' is enabled</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>systemd-timesyncd</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>masked</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack. Subcontrol: 6.1 Label: Utilize Three Synchronized Time Sources Description: Use at least three synchronized time sources from which all servers and network devices retrieve time information on a regular basis so that timestamps in logs are consistent.
2.1.1.2 Ensure systemd-timesyncd is configured
systemd-timesyncd is a daemon that has been added for synchronizing the system clock across the network. It implements an SNTP client. In contrast to NTP implementations such as chrony or the NTP reference server this only implements a client side, and does not bother with the full NTP complexity, focusing only on querying time from one remote server and synchronizing the local clock to it. The daemon runs with minimal privileges, and has been hooked up with networkd to only operate when network connectivity is available. The daemon saves the current clock to disk every time a new NTP sync has been acquired, and uses this to possibly correct the system clock early at bootup, in order to accommodate for systems that lack an RTC such as the Raspberry Pi and embedded devices, and make sure that time monotonically progresses on these systems, even if it is not always correct. To make use of this daemon a new system user and group "systemd-timesync" needs to be created on installation of systemd.
Note:
- If chrony or ntp are used, systemd-timesyncd should be stopped and masked, and this section skipped
- This recommendation only applies if timesyncd is in use on the system
- Only one time synchronization method should be in use on the system
Proper configuration is vital to ensuring time synchronization is working properly.
- Remove additional time synchronization methods:
Run the following commands to remove ntp and chrony :
# apt purge ntp
# apt purge chrony
- Configure systemd-timesyncd :
Run the following command to enable systemd-timesyncd
# systemctl enable systemd-timesyncd.service
Edit the file /etc/systemd/timesyncd.conf and add/modify the following lines:
NTP=0.debian.pool.ntp.org 1.debian.pool.ntp.org #Servers listed should be In Accordence
With Local Policy
FallbackNTP=2.debian.pool.ntp.org 3.debian.pool.ntp.org #Servers listed should be
In Accordence With Local Policy
RootDistanceMax=1 #should be In Accordence With Local Policy
Run the following commands to start systemd-timesyncd.service
# systemctl start systemd-timesyncd.service
# timedatectl set-ntp true
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.1.2_Ensure_systemd-timesyncd_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.832+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1519245"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1519245_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519245"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519245">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1519245"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'systemd-timesyncd.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property UnitFileState equals 'enabled'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>systemd-timesyncd.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>masked</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519246"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519246">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1519246"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'ntp' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519247"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519247">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1519247"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'chrony' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>chrony</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>amd64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>6ubuntu6.2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>3.5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:3.5-6ubuntu6.2</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519248"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519248">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1519248"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'ntp' is installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519249"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519249">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1519249"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'chrony' is installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>chrony</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>amd64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>6ubuntu6.2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>3.5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:3.5-6ubuntu6.2</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack. Subcontrol: 6.1 Label: Utilize Three Synchronized Time Sources Description: Use at least three synchronized time sources from which all servers and network devices retrieve time information on a regular basis so that timestamps in logs are consistent.
2.1.1.3 Ensure chrony is configured
chrony is a daemon which implements the Network Time Protocol (NTP) and is designed to synchronize system clocks across a variety of systems and use a source that is highly accurate. More information on chrony can be found at: http://chrony.tuxfamily.org/ . chrony can be configured to be a client and/or a server.
Notes:
- If ntp or systemd-timesyncd are used, chrony should be removed and this section skipped
- This recommendation only applies if chrony is in use on the system
- Only one time synchronization method should be in use on the system
If chrony is in use on the system proper configuration is vital to ensuring time synchronization is working properly.
Remove and/or disable additional time synchronization methods:
Run the following command to remove ntp :
# apt purge ntp
Run the following command to stop and mask systemd-timesyncd:
# systemctl --now mask systemd-timesyncd
Configure chrony :
Add or edit server or pool lines to /etc/chrony/chrony.conf as appropriate:
server <remote-server>
Add or edit the user line to /etc/chrony/chrony.conf :
user _chrony
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.1.3_Ensure_chrony_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.832+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519250"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519250">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1519250"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/chrony/chrony.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*(server|pool)\s+\S+</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/chrony/chrony.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/chrony</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>chrony.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\s*(server|pool)\s+\S+</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>server metadata.google.internal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>server metadata.google.internal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>server</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519251"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519251">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1519251"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Linux Custom Object "chronyd is running as chrony user"</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1519252"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1519252_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519252"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519252">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1519252"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'systemd-timesyncd.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals 'masked'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>systemd-timesyncd.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>masked</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519254"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519254">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1519254"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'ntp' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519253"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1519253">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1519253"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'chrony' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>chrony</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>amd64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>6ubuntu6.2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>3.5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:3.5-6ubuntu6.2</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack. Subcontrol: 6.1 Label: Utilize Three Synchronized Time Sources Description: Use at least three synchronized time sources from which all servers and network devices retrieve time information on a regular basis so that timestamps in logs are consistent.
2.1.1.4 Ensure ntp is configured
ntp is a daemon which implements the Network Time Protocol (NTP). It is designed to synchronize system clocks across a variety of systems and use a source that is highly accurate. More information on NTP can be found at http://www.ntp.org . ntp can be configured to be a client and/or a server.
Notes:
- If chrony or systemd-timesyncd are used, ntp should be removed and this section skipped
- This recommendation only applies if ntp is in use on the system
- Only one time synchronization method should be in use on the system
If ntp is in use on the system proper configuration is vital to ensuring time synchronization is working properly.
- Remove and/or disable additional time synchronization methods:
Run the following command to remove chrony :
apt purge chrony
Run the following command to stop and mask systemd-timesyncd :
# systemctl --now mask systemd-timesyncd
- Configure ntp :
Add or edit restrict lines in /etc/ntp.conf to match the following:
restrict -4 default kod nomodify notrap nopeer noquery
restrict -6 default kod nomodify notrap nopeer noquery
Add or edit server or pool lines to /etc/ntp.conf as appropriate:
server <remote-server>
Configure ntp to run as the ntp user by adding or editing the /etc/init.d/ntp file:
RUNASUSER=ntp
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.1.4_Ensure_ntp_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.833+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1580203"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1580203">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1580203"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/ntp.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*restrict\s+(-4\s+)?default\s+(?:[^#]+\s+)*(?!(?:\2|\3|\4|\5))(\s*\bkod\b\s*|\s*\bnomodify\b\s*|\s*\bnotrap\b\s*|\s*\bnopeer\b\s*|\s*\bnoquery\b\s*)\s+(?:[^#]+\s+)*(?!(?:\1|\3|\4|\</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1580204"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1580204">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1580204"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/ntp.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*restrict\s+-6\s+default\s+(?:[^#]+\s+)*(?!(?:\2|\3|\4|\5))(\s*\bkod\b\s*|\s*\bnomodify\b\s*|\s*\bnotrap\b\s*|\s*\bnopeer\b\s*|\s*\bnoquery\b\s*)\s+(?:[^#]+\s+)*(?!(?:\1|\3|\4|\5))</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1580205"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1580205">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1580205"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/ntp.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*(server|pool)\s+\S+</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1580206"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1580206">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1580206"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/init.d/ntp exists and matches pattern ^\s*RUNASUSER\s*=\s*ntp\s*(?:#.*)?$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1580208"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1580208">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1580208"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'chrony' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>chrony</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>amd64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>6ubuntu6.2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>3.5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:3.5-6ubuntu6.2</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1580209"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1580209_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1580209"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1580209">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1580209"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'systemd-timesyncd.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals 'masked'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>systemd-timesyncd.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>masked</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1580207"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1580207">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1580207"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'ntp' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack. Subcontrol: 6.1 Label: Utilize Three Synchronized Time Sources Description: Use at least three synchronized time sources from which all servers and network devices retrieve time information on a regular basis so that timestamps in logs are consistent.
2.1.2 Ensure X Window System is not installed
The X Window System provides a Graphical User Interface (GUI) where users can have multiple windows in which to run programs and various add on. The X Windows system is typically used on workstations where users login, but not on servers where users typically do not login.
Unless your organization specifically requires graphical login access via X Windows, remove it to reduce the potential attack surface.
Remove the X Windows System packages:
apt purge xserver-xorg*
Impact:
Many Linux systems run applications which require a Java runtime. Some Linux Java packages have a dependency on specific X Windows xorg-x11-fonts. One workaround to avoid this dependency is to use the "headless" Java packages for your specific Java runtime, if provided by your distribution.
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.2_Ensure_X_Window_System_is_not_installed"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.833+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/2/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455953"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455953">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455953"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name pattern match '^xorg-x11.*' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455954"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455954">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455954"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name pattern match '^xserver-xorg.*' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 2: Inventory and Control of Software Assets: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Actively manage (inventory, track, and correct) all software on the network so that only authorized software is installed and can execute, and that all unauthorized and unmanaged software is found and prevented from installation or execution. Subcontrol: 2.6 Label: Address unapproved software Description: Ensure that unauthorized software is either removed or the inventory is updated in a timely manner
2.1.3 Ensure Avahi Server is not installed
Avahi is a free zeroconf implementation, including a system for multicast DNS/DNS-SD service discovery. Avahi allows programs to publish and discover services and hosts running on a local network with no specific configuration. For example, a user can plug a computer into a network and Avahi automatically finds printers to print to, files to look at and people to talk to, as well as network services running on the machine.
Automatic discovery of network services is not normally required for system functionality. It is recommended to remove this package to reduce the potential attack surface.
Run the following commands to remove avahi-daemon :
# systemctl stop avahi-daaemon.service
# systemctl stop avahi-daemon.socket
# apt purge avahi-daemon
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.3_Ensure_Avahi_Server_is_not_installed"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.833+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455956"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455956">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455956"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'avahi-daemon' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.2 Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
2.1.4 Ensure CUPS is not installed
The Common Unix Print System (CUPS) provides the ability to print to both local and network printers. A system running CUPS can also accept print jobs from remote systems and print them to local printers. It also provides a web based remote administration capability.
If the system does not need to print jobs or accept print jobs from other systems, it is recommended that CUPS be removed to reduce the potential attack surface.
Run one of the following commands to remove cups :
# apt purge cups
Impact:
Removing CUPS will prevent printing from the system, a common task for workstation systems.
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.4_Ensure_CUPS_is_not_installed"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.834+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">More detailed documentation on CUPS is available at the project homepage at http://www.cups.org.</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455959"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455959">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455959"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'cups' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: More detailed documentation on CUPS is available at the project homepage at http://www.cups.org.
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.2 Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
2.1.5 Ensure DHCP Server is not installed
The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a service that allows machines to be dynamically assigned IP addresses.
Unless a system is specifically set up to act as a DHCP server, it is recommended that this package be removed to reduce the potential attack surface.
Run the following command to remove isc-dhcp-server :
# apt purge isc-dhcp-server
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.5_Ensure_DHCP_Server_is_not_installed"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.834+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">More detailed documentation on DHCP is available at http://www.isc.org/software/dhcp.</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455962"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455962">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455962"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'isc-dhcp-server' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: More detailed documentation on DHCP is available at http://www.isc.org/software/dhcp.
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.2 Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
2.1.6 Ensure LDAP server is not installed
The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) was introduced as a replacement for NIS/YP. It is a service that provides a method for looking up information from a central database.
If the system will not need to act as an LDAP server, it is recommended that the software be removed to reduce the potential attack surface.
Run one of the following commands to remove slapd :
# apt purge slapd
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.6_Ensure_LDAP_server_is_not_installed"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.834+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">For more detailed documentation on OpenLDAP, go to the project homepage at http://www.openldap.org.</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455963"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455963">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455963"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'slapd' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: For more detailed documentation on OpenLDAP, go to the project homepage at http://www.openldap.org.
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.2 Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
2.1.7 Ensure NFS is not installed
The Network File System (NFS) is one of the first and most widely distributed file systems in the UNIX environment. It provides the ability for systems to mount file systems of other servers through the network.
If the system does not export NFS shares or act as an NFS client, it is recommended that these services be removed to reduce the remote attack surface.
Run the following command to remove nfs :
# apt purge nfs-kernel-server
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.7_Ensure_NFS_is_not_installed"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.834+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455964"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455964">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455964"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'nfs-kernel-server' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.2 Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
2.1.8 Ensure DNS Server is not installed
The Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical naming system that maps names to IP addresses for computers, services and other resources connected to a network.
Unless a system is specifically designated to act as a DNS server, it is recommended that the package be deleted to reduce the potential attack surface.
Run the following commands to disable DNS server :
# apt purge bind9
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.8_Ensure_DNS_Server_is_not_installed"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.834+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455969"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455969">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455969"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'bind9' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.2 Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
2.1.9 Ensure FTP Server is not installed
The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) provides networked computers with the ability to transfer files.
FTP does not protect the confidentiality of data or authentication credentials. It is recommended SFTP be used if file transfer is required. Unless there is a need to run the system as a FTP server (for example, to allow anonymous downloads), it is recommended that the package be deleted to reduce the potential attack surface.
Run the following command to remove vsftpd :
# apt purge vsftpd
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.9_Ensure_FTP_Server_is_not_installed"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.834+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455972"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455972">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455972"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'vsftpd' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.2 Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
2.1.10 Ensure HTTP server is not installed
HTTP or web servers provide the ability to host web site content.
Unless there is a need to run the system as a web server, it is recommended that the package be deleted to reduce the potential attack surface.
Run the following command to remove apache :
# apt purge apache2
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.10_Ensure_HTTP_server_is_not_installed"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.834+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455976"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455976">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455976"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'apache2' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.2 Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
2.1.11 Ensure IMAP and POP3 server are not installed
dovecot-imapd and dovecot-pop3d are an open source IMAP and POP3 server for Linux based systems.
Unless POP3 and/or IMAP servers are to be provided by this system, it is recommended that the package be removed to reduce the potential attack surface.
Run one of the following commands to remove dovecot-imapd and dovecot-pop3d :
# apt purge dovecot-imapd dovecot-pop3d
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.11_Ensure_IMAP_and_POP3_server_are_not_installed"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.835+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455979"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455979">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455979"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'dovecot-imapd' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455981"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455981">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455981"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'dovecot-pop3d' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.2 Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
2.1.12 Ensure Samba is not installed
The Samba daemon allows system administrators to configure their Linux systems to share file systems and directories with Windows desktops. Samba will advertise the file systems and directories via the Server Message Block (SMB) protocol. Windows desktop users will be able to mount these directories and file systems as letter drives on their systems.
If there is no need to mount directories and file systems to Windows systems, then this service should be deleted to reduce the potential attack surface.
Run the following command to remove samba :
# apt purge samba
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.12_Ensure_Samba_is_not_installed"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.835+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455986"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455986">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455986"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'samba' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.2 Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
2.1.13 Ensure HTTP Proxy Server is not installed
Squid is a standard proxy server used in many distributions and environments.
If there is no need for a proxy server, it is recommended that the squid proxy be deleted to reduce the potential attack surface.
Run the following command to remove squid :
# apt purge squid
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.13_Ensure_HTTP_Proxy_Server_is_not_installed"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.835+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455990"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455990">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455990"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'squid' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.2 Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
2.1.14 Ensure SNMP Server is not installed
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is a widely used protocol for monitoring the health and welfare of network equipment, computer equipment and devices like UPSs.
Net-SNMP is a suite of applications used to implement SNMPv1 (RFC 1157), SNMPv2 (RFCs 1901-1908), and SNMPv3 (RFCs 3411-3418) using both IPv4 and IPv6.
Support for SNMPv2 classic (a.k.a. "SNMPv2 historic" - RFCs 1441-1452) was dropped with the 4.0 release of the UCD-snmp package.
The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) server is used to listen for SNMP commands from an SNMP management system, execute the commands or collect the information and then send results back to the requesting system.
The SNMP server can communicate using SNMPv1 , which transmits data in the clear and does not require authentication to execute commands. SNMPv3 replaces the simple/clear text password sharing used in SNMPv2 with more securely encoded parameters. If the the SNMP service is not required, the net-snmp package should be removed to reduce the attack surface of the system.
Note: If SNMP is required:
- The server should be configured for SNMP v3 only. User Authentication and Message Encryption should be configured.
- If SNMP v2 is absolutely necessary, modify the community strings' values.
Run the following command to remove snmpd :
# apt purge snmpd
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.14_Ensure_SNMP_Server_is_not_installed"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.836+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455993"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455993">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455993"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'snmpd' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.2 Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
2.1.15 Ensure mail transfer agent is configured for local-only mode
Mail Transfer Agents (MTA), such as sendmail and Postfix, are used to listen for incoming mail and transfer the messages to the appropriate user or mail server. If the system is not intended to be a mail server, it is recommended that the MTA be configured to only process local mail.
The software for all Mail Transfer Agents is complex and most have a long history of security issues. While it is important to ensure that the system can process local mail messages, it is not necessary to have the MTA's daemon listening on a port unless the server is intended to be a mail server that receives and processes mail from other systems.
Note: This recommendation is designed around the exim4 mail server, depending on your environment you may have an alternative MTA installed such as sendmail. If this is the case consult the documentation for your installed MTA to configure the recommended state.
Edit /etc/exim4/update-exim4.conf.conf and and or modify following lines to look like the lines below:
dc_eximconfig_configtype='local'
dc_local_interfaces='127.0.0.1 ; ::1'
dc_readhost=''
dc_relay_domains=''
dc_minimaldns='false'
dc_relay_nets=''
dc_smarthost=''
dc_use_split_config='false'
dc_hide_mailname=''
dc_mailname_in_oh='true'
dc_localdelivery='mail_spool'
Restart exim4:
# systemctl restart exim4
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.15_Ensure_mail_transfer_agent_is_configured_for_local-only_mode"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.836+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455997"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455997">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455997"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Linux Custom Object "No Servers Listening On Port 25"</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.2 Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
2.1.16 Ensure rsync service is not installed
The rsync service can be used to synchronize files between systems over network links.
The rsync service presents a security risk as it uses unencrypted protocols for communication. The rsync package should be removed to reduce the attack area of the system.
Run the following command to remove rsync :
# apt purge rsync
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.16_Ensure_rsync_service_is_not_installed"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.836+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456001"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456001">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456001"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'rsync' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>rsync</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>amd64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8ubuntu0.4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>3.1.3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:3.1.3-8ubuntu0.4</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.2 Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
2.1.17 Ensure NIS Server is not installed
The Network Information Service (NIS) (formally known as Yellow Pages) is a client-server directory service protocol for distributing system configuration files. The NIS server is a collection of programs that allow for the distribution of configuration files.
The NIS service is inherently an insecure system that has been vulnerable to DOS attacks, buffer overflows and has poor authentication for querying NIS maps. NIS generally has been replaced by such protocols as Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP). It is recommended that the service be removed and other, more secure services be used
Run the following command to remove nis :
# apt purge nis
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.17_Ensure_NIS_Server_is_not_installed"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.836+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456005"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456005">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456005"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'nis' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.2 Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
2.2 Service Clients
A number of insecure services exist. While disabling the servers prevents a local attack against these services, it is advised to remove their clients unless they are required.
Note: This should not be considered a comprehensive list of insecure service clients. You may wish to consider additions to those listed here for your environment.
2.2.1 Ensure NIS Client is not installed
The Network Information Service (NIS), formerly known as Yellow Pages, is a client-server directory service protocol used to distribute system configuration files. The NIS client was used to bind a machine to an NIS server and receive the distributed configuration files.
The NIS service is inherently an insecure system that has been vulnerable to DOS attacks, buffer overflows and has poor authentication for querying NIS maps. NIS generally has been replaced by such protocols as Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP). It is recommended that the service be removed.
Uninstall nis :
# apt purge nis
Impact:
Many insecure service clients are used as troubleshooting tools and in testing environments. Uninstalling them can inhibit capability to test and troubleshoot. If they are required it is advisable to remove the clients after use to prevent accidental or intentional misuse.
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.1_Ensure_NIS_Client_is_not_installed"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.837+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/2/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456011"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456011">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456011"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'nis' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 2: Inventory and Control of Software Assets: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Actively manage (inventory, track, and correct) all software on the network so that only authorized software is installed and can execute, and that all unauthorized and unmanaged software is found and prevented from installation or execution. Subcontrol: 2.6 Label: Address unapproved software Description: Ensure that unauthorized software is either removed or the inventory is updated in a timely manner
2.2.2 Ensure rsh client is not installed
The rsh-client package contains the client commands for the rsh services.
These legacy clients contain numerous security exposures and have been replaced with the more secure SSH package. Even if the server is removed, it is best to ensure the clients are also removed to prevent users from inadvertently attempting to use these commands and therefore exposing their credentials. Note that removing the rsh package removes the clients for rsh , rcp and rlogin .
Uninstall rsh :
# apt purge rsh-client
Impact:
Many insecure service clients are used as troubleshooting tools and in testing environments. Uninstalling them can inhibit capability to test and troubleshoot. If they are required it is advisable to remove the clients after use to prevent accidental or intentional misuse.
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.2_Ensure_rsh_client_is_not_installed"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.837+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/5"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456015"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456015">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456015"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'rsh-client' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment, and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. Subcontrol: 4.5 Label: Use Multifactor Authentication For All Administrative Access Description: Use multi-factor authentication and encrypted channels for all administrative account access.
2.2.3 Ensure talk client is not installed
The talk software makes it possible for users to send and receive messages across systems through a terminal session. The talk client, which allows initialization of talk sessions, is installed by default.
The software presents a security risk as it uses unencrypted protocols for communication.
Uninstall talk :
# apt purge talk
Impact:
Many insecure service clients are used as troubleshooting tools and in testing environments. Uninstalling them can inhibit capability to test and troubleshoot. If they are required it is advisable to remove the clients after use to prevent accidental or intentional misuse.
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.3_Ensure_talk_client_is_not_installed"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.837+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/2/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456017"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456017">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456017"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'talk' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 2: Inventory and Control of Software Assets: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Actively manage (inventory, track, and correct) all software on the network so that only authorized software is installed and can execute, and that all unauthorized and unmanaged software is found and prevented from installation or execution. Subcontrol: 2.6 Label: Address unapproved software Description: Ensure that unauthorized software is either removed or the inventory is updated in a timely manner
2.2.4 Ensure telnet client is not installed
The telnet package contains the telnet client, which allows users to start connections to other systems via the telnet protocol.
The telnet protocol is insecure and unencrypted. The use of an unencrypted transmission medium could allow an unauthorized user to steal credentials. The ssh package provides an encrypted session and stronger security and is included in most Linux distributions.
Uninstall telnet :
# apt purge telnet
Impact:
Many insecure service clients are used as troubleshooting tools and in testing environments. Uninstalling them can inhibit capability to test and troubleshoot. If they are required it is advisable to remove the clients after use to prevent accidental or intentional misuse.
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
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xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.4_Ensure_telnet_client_is_not_installed"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.838+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/5"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456020"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456020">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456020"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'telnet' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment, and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. Subcontrol: 4.5 Label: Use Multifactor Authentication For All Administrative Access Description: Use multi-factor authentication and encrypted channels for all administrative account access.
2.2.5 Ensure LDAP client is not installed
The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) was introduced as a replacement for NIS/YP. It is a service that provides a method for looking up information from a central database.
If the system will not need to act as an LDAP client, it is recommended that the software be removed to reduce the potential attack surface.
Uninstall ldap-utils :
# apt purge ldap-utils
Impact:
Removing the LDAP client will prevent or inhibit using LDAP for authentication in your environment.
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.5_Ensure_LDAP_client_is_not_installed"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.838+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/2/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456026"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456026">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456026"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'ldap-utils' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 2: Inventory and Control of Software Assets: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Actively manage (inventory, track, and correct) all software on the network so that only authorized software is installed and can execute, and that all unauthorized and unmanaged software is found and prevented from installation or execution. Subcontrol: 2.6 Label: Address unapproved software Description: Ensure that unauthorized software is either removed or the inventory is updated in a timely manner
2.2.6 Ensure RPC is not installed
Remote Procedure Call (RPC) is a method for creating low level client server applications across different system architectures. It requires an RPC compliant client listening on a network port. The supporting package is rpcbind."
If RPC is not required, it is recommended that this services be removed to reduce the remote attack surface.
Run the following command to remove rpcbind :
# apt purge rpcbind
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.6_Ensure__RPC_is_not_installed"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.838+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456031"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456031">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456031"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'rpcbind' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.2 Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
2.3 Ensure nonessential services are removed or masked
A network port is identified by its number, the associated IP address, and the type of the communication protocol such as TCP or UDP.
A listening port is a network port on which an application or process listens on, acting as a communication endpoint.
Each listening port can be open or closed (filtered) using a firewall. In general terms, an open port is a network port that accepts incoming packets from remote locations.
Services listening on the system pose a potential risk as an attack vector. These services should be reviewed, and if not required, the service should be stopped, and the package containing the service should be removed. If required packages have a dependency, the service should be stopped and masked to reduce the attack surface of the system.
Run the following command to remove the package containing the service:
# apt purge <package_name>
OR If required packages have a dependency:
Run the following command to stop and mask the service:
# systemctl --now mask <service_name>
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
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xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.3_Ensure_nonessential_services_are_removed_or_masked"
role="unscored"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.838+02:00"
version="1"
weight="0.0">
<xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.2 Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
3 Network Configuration
This section provides guidance on for securing the network configuration of the system through kernel parameters, access list control, and firewall settings.
3.1 Disable unused network protocols and devices
To reduce the attack surface of a system, unused network protocols and devices should be disabled.
3.1.1 Disable IPv6
Although IPv6 has many advantages over IPv4, not all organizations have IPv6 or dual stack configurations implemented.
If IPv6 or dual stack is not to be used, it is recommended that IPv6 be disabled to reduce the attack surface of the system.
Use one of the two following methods to disable IPv6 on the system:
To disable IPv6 through the GRUB2 config:
Edit /etc/default/grub and add ipv6.disable=1 to the GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX parameters:
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="ipv6.disable=1"
Run the following command to update the grub2 configuration:
# update-grub
OR
To disable IPv6 through sysctl settings:
Set the following parameters in /etc/sysctl.conf or a /etc/sysctl.d/* file:
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1
Run the following commands to set the active kernel parameters:
# sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1
# sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6=1
# sysctl -w net.ipv6.route.flush=1
Impact:
If IPv6 is disabled through sysctl config, SSH X11forwarding may no longer function as expected. We recommend that SSH X11fowarding be disabled, but if required, the following will allow for SSH X11forwarding with IPv6 disabled through sysctl config:
Add the following line the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file:
AddressFamily inet
Run the following command to re-start the openSSH server:
# systemctl restart sshd
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.1.1_Disable_IPv6"
role="unscored"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.839+02:00"
version="1"
weight="0.0">
<xccdf:result>informational</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1456102"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1456102_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456102"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456102">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14561022"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14561023"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14561021"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Sysctl Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1456103"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1456103_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456103"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456103">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14561032"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14561033"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14561031"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Sysctl Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1456098"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_14560981_var"/>
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:14560982"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_14560982_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456098"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456098">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456098"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure /boot/grub/grub.cfg contents Pattern Match ipv6\.disable=1 (string)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/boot/grub/grub.cfg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/boot/grub</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>grub.cfg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^[^#]\s*linux.*$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td> linux /boot/vmlinuz-5.15.0-1029-gcp root=PARTUUID=7117a286-b63e-4344-8549-0ac4f4aed02b ro audit_backlog_limit=8192 console=ttyS0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td> linux /boot/vmlinuz-5.15.0-1029-gcp root=PARTUUID=7117a286-b63e-4344-8549-0ac4f4aed02b ro audit_backlog_limit=8192 console=ttyS0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.4 Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
3.1.2 Ensure wireless interfaces are disabled
Wireless networking is used when wired networks are unavailable. Debian contains a wireless tool kit to allow system administrators to configure and use wireless networks.
If wireless is not to be used, wireless devices can be disabled to reduce the potential attack surface.
Run the following script to disable any wireless interfaces:
#!/bin/bash
if command -v nmcli >/dev/null 2>&1 ; then
nmcli radio all off
else
if [ -n "$(find /sys/class/net/*/ -type d -name wireless)" ]; then
mname=$(for driverdir in $(find /sys/class/net/*/ -type d -name wireless | xargs -0
dirname); do basename "$(readlink -f "$driverdir"/device/driver/module)";done | sort
-u)
for dm in $mname; do
echo "install $dm /bin/true" >> /etc/modprobe.d/disable_wireless.conf
done
fi
fi
Impact:
Many if not all laptop workstations and some desktop workstations will connect via wireless requiring these interfaces be enabled.
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.1.2_Ensure_wireless_interfaces_are_disabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.839+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/15/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/15/subcontrol/5"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/wireless_check_v3.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/wireless_check_v3.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\wireless_check_v3.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>Wireless is disabled</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/wireless_check_v3.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>Wireless is disabled</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 15: Wireless Access Control: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the security use of wireless local area networks (WLANs), access points, and wireless client systems. Subcontrol: 15.4 Label: Disable Wireless Access on Devices if Not Required Description: Disable wireless access on devices that do not have a business purpose for wireless access. - Control 15: Wireless Access Control: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the security use of wireless local area networks (WLANs), access points, and wireless client systems. Subcontrol: 15.5 Label: Limit Wireless Access on Client Devices Description: Configure wireless access on client machines that do have an essential wireless business purpose, to allow access only to authorized wireless networks and to restrict access to other wireless networks.
3.2 Network Parameters (Host Only)
The following network parameters are intended for use if the system is to act as a host only. A system is considered host only if the system has a single interface, or has multiple interfaces but will not be configured as a router.
Note:
Configuration files are read from directories in /etc/ , /run/ , /usr/local/lib/ , and /lib/ , in order of precedence. Files must have the the ".conf" extension. extension. Files in /etc/ override files with the same name in /run/ , /usr/local/lib/ , and /lib/ . Files in /run/ override files with the same name under /usr/ .
All configuration files are sorted by their filename in lexicographic order, regardless of which of the directories they reside in. If multiple files specify the same option, the entry in the file with the lexicographically latest name will take precedence. Thus, the configuration in a certain file may either be replaced completely (by placing a file with the same name in a directory with higher priority), or individual settings might be changed (by specifying additional settings in a file with a different name that is ordered later).
Packages should install their configuration files in /usr/lib/ (distribution packages) or /usr/local/lib/ (local installs). Files in /etc/ are reserved for the local administrator, who may use this logic to override the configuration files installed by vendor packages. It is recommended to prefix all filenames with a two-digit number and a dash, to simplify the ordering of the files.
If the administrator wants to disable a configuration file supplied by the vendor, the recommended way is to place a symlink to /dev/null in the configuration directory in /etc/ , with the same filename as the vendor configuration file. If the vendor configuration file is included in the initrd image, the image has to be regenerated.
3.2.1 Ensure packet redirect sending is disabled
ICMP Redirects are used to send routing information to other hosts. As a host itself does not act as a router (in a host only configuration), there is no need to send redirects.
An attacker could use a compromised host to send invalid ICMP redirects to other router devices in an attempt to corrupt routing and have users access a system set up by the attacker as opposed to a valid system.
Set the following parameters in /etc/sysctl.conf or a /etc/sysctl.d/* file:
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 0
Run the following commands to set the active kernel parameters:
# sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects=0
# sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects=0
# sysctl -w net.ipv4.route.flush=1
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.2.1_Ensure_packet_redirect_sending_is_disabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.839+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1474540"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1474540_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1474540"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1474540">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14745402"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14745403"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/sysctl.d/60-gce-network-security.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/sysctl.d</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>60-gce-network-security.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\s*net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects\s*=\s*0$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects=0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects=0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14745401"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Sysctl Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1474541"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1474541_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1474541"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1474541">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14745412"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14745413"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/sysctl.d/60-gce-network-security.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/sysctl.d</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>60-gce-network-security.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\s*net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects\s*=\s*0$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects=0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects=0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14745411"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Sysctl Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
3.2.2 Ensure IP forwarding is disabled
The net.ipv4.ip_forward and net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding flags are used to tell the system whether it can forward packets or not.
Setting the flags to 0 ensures that a system with multiple interfaces (for example, a hard proxy), will never be able to forward packets, and therefore, never serve as a router.
Run the following command to restore the default parameter and set the active kernel parameter:
# grep -Els "^\s*net\.ipv4\.ip_forward\s*=\s*1" /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf
/usr/lib/sysctl.d/*.conf /run/sysctl.d/*.conf | while read filename; do sed -ri "s/^\s*(net\.ipv4\.ip_forward\s*)(=)(\s*\S+\b).*$/#
*REMOVED* \1/" $filename; done; sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=0; sysctl -w net.ipv4.route.flush=1
IF IPv6 is enabled:
Run the following command to restore the default parameter and set the active kernel parameter:
# grep -Els "^\s*net\.ipv6\.conf\.all\.forwarding\s*=\s*1" /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf
/usr/lib/sysctl.d/*.conf /run/sysctl.d/*.conf | while read filename; do sed -ri "s/^\s*(net\.ipv6\.conf\.all\.forwarding\s*)(=)(\s*\S+\b).*$/#
*REMOVED* \1/" $filename; done; sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding=0; sysctl -w
net.ipv6.route.flush=1
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.2.2_Ensure_IP_forwarding_is_disabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.841+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475256_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/sysctl_running_config.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/sysctl_running_config.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\sysctl_running_config.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>sysctl parameter is: net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*net.ipv4.ip_forward\s*=\s*0\s*$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/sysctl_running_config.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>sysctl parameter is: net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475257"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475257">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1475257"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/sysctl.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*net\.ipv4\.ip_forward\s*=\s*1\s*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475258"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475258">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1475258"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file(s) named ^\S+\.conf$ in /etc/sysctl.d/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*net\.ipv4\.ip_forward\s*=\s*1\s*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475259"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475259">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1475259"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file(s) named ^\S+\.conf$ in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*net\.ipv4\.ip_forward\s*=\s*1\s*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475260"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475260">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1475260"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file(s) named ^\S+\.conf$ in /run/sysctl.d/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*net\.ipv4\.ip_forward\s*=\s*1\s*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475261_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/sysctl_running_config.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/sysctl_running_config.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\sysctl_running_config.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>sysctl parameter is: net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding = 0</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*\bnet\.ipv6\.conf\.all\.forwarding\s*=\s*0\s*$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/sysctl_running_config.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>sysctl parameter is: net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding = 0</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475262"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475262">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1475262"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/sysctl.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*net\.ipv6\.conf\.all\.forwarding\s*=\s*1\s*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475263"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475263">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1475263"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file(s) named ^\S+\.conf$ in /etc/sysctl.d/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*net\.ipv6\.conf\.all\.forwarding\s*=\s*1\s*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475264"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475264">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1475264"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file(s) named ^\S+\.conf$ in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*net\.ipv6\.conf\.all\.forwarding\s*=\s*1\s*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475265"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475265">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1475265"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file(s) named ^\S+\.conf$ in /run/sysctl.d/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*net\.ipv6\.conf\.all\.forwarding\s*=\s*1\s*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\ipv6_disabled_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>IPv6 is enabled on the system</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>IPv6 is enabled on the system</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
3.3 Network Parameters (Host and Router)
The following network parameters are intended for use on both host only and router systems. A system acts as a router if it has at least two interfaces and is configured to perform routing functions.
Note:
Configuration files are read from directories in /etc/ , /run/ , /usr/local/lib/ , and /lib/ , in order of precedence. Files must have the the ".conf" extension. extension. Files in /etc/ override files with the same name in /run/ , /usr/local/lib/ , and /lib/ . Files in /run/ override files with the same name under /usr/ .
All configuration files are sorted by their filename in lexicographic order, regardless of which of the directories they reside in. If multiple files specify the same option, the entry in the file with the lexicographically latest name will take precedence. Thus, the configuration in a certain file may either be replaced completely (by placing a file with the same name in a directory with higher priority), or individual settings might be changed (by specifying additional settings in a file with a different name that is ordered later).
Packages should install their configuration files in /usr/lib/ (distribution packages) or /usr/local/lib/ (local installs). Files in /etc/ are reserved for the local administrator, who may use this logic to override the configuration files installed by vendor packages. It is recommended to prefix all filenames with a two-digit number and a dash, to simplify the ordering of the files.
If the administrator wants to disable a configuration file supplied by the vendor, the recommended way is to place a symlink to /dev/null in the configuration directory in /etc/ , with the same filename as the vendor configuration file. If the vendor configuration file is included in the initrd image, the image has to be regenerated.
3.3.1 Ensure source routed packets are not accepted
In networking, source routing allows a sender to partially or fully specify the route packets take through a network. In contrast, non-source routed packets travel a path determined by routers in the network. In some cases, systems may not be routable or reachable from some locations (e.g. private addresses vs. Internet routable), and so source routed packets would need to be used.
Setting net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route, net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route, net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route and net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route to 0 disables the system from accepting source routed packets. Assume this system was capable of routing packets to Internet routable addresses on one interface and private addresses on another interface. Assume that the private addresses were not routable to the Internet routable addresses and vice versa. Under normal routing circumstances, an attacker from the Internet routable addresses could not use the system as a way to reach the private address systems. If, however, source routed packets were allowed, they could be used to gain access to the private address systems as the route could be specified, rather than rely on routing protocols that did not allow this routing.
Set the following parameters in /etc/sysctl.conf or a /etc/sysctl.d/* file:
net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
Run the following commands to set the active kernel parameters:
# sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route=0
# sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route=0
# sysctl -w net.ipv4.route.flush=1
IF IPv6 is enabled:
Set the following parameters in /etc/sysctl.conf or a /etc/sysctl.d/* file:
net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0
net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
Run the following commands to set the active kernel parameters:
# sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route=0
# sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route=0
# sysctl -w net.ipv6.route.flush=1
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.1_Ensure_source_routed_packets_are_not_accepted"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.842+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1475267"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475267_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475267"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475267">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752672"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/sysctl.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>sysctl.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\s*net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route\s*=\s*0$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752673"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/sysctl.d/60-gce-network-security.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/sysctl.d</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>60-gce-network-security.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\s*net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route\s*=\s*0$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route=0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route=0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752671"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Sysctl Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1475268"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475268_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475268"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475268">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752682"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/sysctl.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>sysctl.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\s*net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route\s*=\s*0$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752683"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/sysctl.d/60-gce-network-security.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/sysctl.d</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>60-gce-network-security.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\s*net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route\s*=\s*0$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route=0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route=0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752681"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Sysctl Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1475269"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475269_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475269"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475269">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752692"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/sysctl.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>sysctl.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\s*net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route\s*=\s*0$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752693"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752691"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Sysctl Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1475270"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475270_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475270"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475270">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752702"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/sysctl.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>sysctl.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\s*net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route\s*=\s*0$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752703"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752701"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Sysctl Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\ipv6_disabled_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>IPv6 is enabled on the system</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>IPv6 is enabled on the system</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
3.3.2 Ensure ICMP redirects are not accepted
ICMP redirect messages are packets that convey routing information and tell your host (acting as a router) to send packets via an alternate path. It is a way of allowing an outside routing device to update your system routing tables. By setting net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects and net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects to 0, the system will not accept any ICMP redirect messages, and therefore, won't allow outsiders to update the system's routing tables.
Attackers could use bogus ICMP redirect messages to maliciously alter the system routing tables and get them to send packets to incorrect networks and allow your system packets to be captured.
Set the following parameters in /etc/sysctl.conf or a /etc/sysctl.d/* file:
net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0
Run the following commands to set the active kernel parameters:
# sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects=0
# sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects=0
# sysctl -w net.ipv4.route.flush=1
IF IPv6 is enabled:
Set the following parameters in /etc/sysctl.conf or a /etc/sysctl.d/* file:
net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0
net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0
Run the following commands to set the active kernel parameters:
# sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects=0
# sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects=0
# sysctl -w net.ipv6.route.flush=1
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.2_Ensure_ICMP_redirects_are_not_accepted"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.842+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1475272"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475272_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475272"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475272">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752722"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/sysctl.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>sysctl.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\s*net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects\s*=\s*0$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752723"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/sysctl.d/60-gce-network-security.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/sysctl.d</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>60-gce-network-security.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\s*net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects\s*=\s*0$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects=0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects=0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752721"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Sysctl Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1475273"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475273_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475273"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475273">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752732"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/sysctl.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>sysctl.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\s*net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects\s*=\s*0$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752733"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/sysctl.d/60-gce-network-security.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/sysctl.d</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>60-gce-network-security.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\s*net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects\s*=\s*0$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects=0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects=0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752731"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Sysctl Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1475274"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475274_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475274"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475274">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752742"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/sysctl.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>sysctl.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\s*net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects\s*=\s*0$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752743"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752741"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Sysctl Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1475275"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475275_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475275"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475275">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752752"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/sysctl.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>sysctl.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\s*net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects\s*=\s*0$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752753"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752751"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Sysctl Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\ipv6_disabled_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>IPv6 is enabled on the system</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>IPv6 is enabled on the system</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
3.3.3 Ensure secure ICMP redirects are not accepted
Secure ICMP redirects are the same as ICMP redirects, except they come from gateways listed on the default gateway list. It is assumed that these gateways are known to your system, and that they are likely to be secure.
It is still possible for even known gateways to be compromised. Setting net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects to 0 protects the system from routing table updates by possibly compromised known gateways.
Set the following parameters in /etc/sysctl.conf or a /etc/sysctl.d/* file:
net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects = 0
Run the following commands to set the active kernel parameters:
# sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects=0
# sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects=0
# sysctl -w net.ipv4.route.flush=1
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.3_Ensure_secure_ICMP_redirects_are_not_accepted"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.842+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1456206"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1456206_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456206"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456206">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14562062"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/sysctl.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>sysctl.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\s*net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects\s*=\s*0$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects = 0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects = 0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14562063"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14562061"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Sysctl Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1456209"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1456209_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456209"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456209">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14562092"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/sysctl.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>sysctl.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\s*net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects\s*=\s*0$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects = 0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects = 0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14562093"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14562091"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Sysctl Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
3.3.4 Ensure suspicious packets are logged
When enabled, this feature logs packets with un-routable source addresses to the kernel log.
Enabling this feature and logging these packets allows an administrator to investigate the possibility that an attacker is sending spoofed packets to their system.
Set the following parameters in /etc/sysctl.conf or a /etc/sysctl.d/* file:
net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians = 1
Run the following commands to set the active kernel parameters:
# sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians=1
# sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians=1
# sysctl -w net.ipv4.route.flush=1
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.4_Ensure_suspicious_packets_are_logged"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.843+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1456213"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1456213_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456213"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456213">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14562132"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14562133"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/sysctl.d/60-gce-network-security.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/sysctl.d</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>60-gce-network-security.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\s*net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians\s*=\s*1$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians=1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians=1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14562131"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Sysctl Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1456218"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1456218_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456218"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456218">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14562182"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14562183"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/sysctl.d/60-gce-network-security.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/sysctl.d</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>60-gce-network-security.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\s*net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians\s*=\s*1$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians=1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians=1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14562181"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Sysctl Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack. Subcontrol: 6.2 Label: Activate audit logging Description: Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices. - Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack. Subcontrol: 6.3 Label: Enable Detailed Logging Description: Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements.
3.3.5 Ensure broadcast ICMP requests are ignored
Setting net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts to 1 will cause the system to ignore all ICMP echo and timestamp requests to broadcast and multicast addresses.
Accepting ICMP echo and timestamp requests with broadcast or multicast destinations for your network could be used to trick your host into starting (or participating) in a Smurf attack. A Smurf attack relies on an attacker sending large amounts of ICMP broadcast messages with a spoofed source address. All hosts receiving this message and responding would send echo-reply messages back to the spoofed address, which is probably not routable. If many hosts respond to the packets, the amount of traffic on the network could be significantly multiplied.
Set the following parameters in /etc/sysctl.conf or a /etc/sysctl.d/* file:
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1
Run the following commands to set the active kernel parameters:
# sysctl -w net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts=1
# sysctl -w net.ipv4.route.flush=1
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.5_Ensure_broadcast_ICMP_requests_are_ignored"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.844+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1456222"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1456222_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456222"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456222">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14562222"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14562223"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/sysctl.d/60-gce-network-security.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/sysctl.d</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>60-gce-network-security.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\s*net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts\s*=\s*1$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts=1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts=1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14562221"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Sysctl Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
3.3.6 Ensure bogus ICMP responses are ignored
Setting icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses to 1 prevents the kernel from logging bogus responses (RFC-1122 non-compliant) from broadcast reframes, keeping file systems from filling up with useless log messages.
Some routers (and some attackers) will send responses that violate RFC-1122 and attempt to fill up a log file system with many useless error messages.
Set the following parameter in /etc/sysctl.conf or a /etc/sysctl.d/* file:
net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses = 1
Run the following commands to set the active kernel parameters:
# sysctl -w net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses=1
# sysctl -w net.ipv4.route.flush=1
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.6_Ensure_bogus_ICMP_responses_are_ignored"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.844+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1456226"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1456226_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456226"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456226">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14562262"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14562263"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/sysctl.d/60-gce-network-security.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/sysctl.d</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>60-gce-network-security.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\s*net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses\s*=\s*1$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses=1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses=1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14562261"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Sysctl Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
3.3.7 Ensure Reverse Path Filtering is enabled
Setting net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter and net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter to 1 forces the Linux kernel to utilize reverse path filtering on a received packet to determine if the packet was valid. Essentially, with reverse path filtering, if the return packet does not go out the same interface that the corresponding source packet came from, the packet is dropped (and logged if log_martians is set).
Setting these flags is a good way to deter attackers from sending your system bogus packets that cannot be responded to. One instance where this feature breaks down is if asymmetrical routing is employed. This would occur when using dynamic routing protocols (bgp, ospf, etc) on your system. If you are using asymmetrical routing on your system, you will not be able to enable this feature without breaking the routing.
Set the following parameters in /etc/sysctl.conf or a /etc/sysctl.d/* file:
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
Run the following commands to set the active kernel parameters:
# sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter=1
# sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter=1
# sysctl -w net.ipv4.route.flush=1
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.7_Ensure_Reverse_Path_Filtering_is_enabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.844+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1456231"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1456231_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456231"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456231">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14562312"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14562313"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/sysctl.d/60-gce-network-security.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/sysctl.d</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>60-gce-network-security.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\s*net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter\s*=\s*1$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter=1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter=1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14562311"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Sysctl Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1456233"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1456233_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456233"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456233">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14562332"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14562333"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/sysctl.d/60-gce-network-security.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/sysctl.d</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>60-gce-network-security.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\s*net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter\s*=\s*1$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter=1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter=1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14562331"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Sysctl Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
3.3.8 Ensure TCP SYN Cookies is enabled
When tcp_syncookies is set, the kernel will handle TCP SYN packets normally until the half-open connection queue is full, at which time, the SYN cookie functionality kicks in. SYN cookies work by not using the SYN queue at all. Instead, the kernel simply replies to the SYN with a SYN|ACK, but will include a specially crafted TCP sequence number that encodes the source and destination IP address and port number and the time the packet was sent. A legitimate connection would send the ACK packet of the three way handshake with the specially crafted sequence number. This allows the system to verify that it has received a valid response to a SYN cookie and allow the connection, even though there is no corresponding SYN in the queue.
Attackers use SYN flood attacks to perform a denial of service attacked on a system by sending many SYN packets without completing the three way handshake. This will quickly use up slots in the kernel's half-open connection queue and prevent legitimate connections from succeeding. SYN cookies allow the system to keep accepting valid connections, even if under a denial of service attack.
Set the following parameters in /etc/sysctl.conf or a /etc/sysctl.d/* file:
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
Run the following commands to set the active kernel parameters:
# sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=1
# sysctl -w net.ipv4.route.flush=1
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.8_Ensure_TCP_SYN_Cookies_is_enabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.844+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1456237"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1456237_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456237"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456237">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14562372"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14562373"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/sysctl.d/60-gce-network-security.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/sysctl.d</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>60-gce-network-security.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\s*net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies\s*=\s*1$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14562371"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies' kernel parameter Equals 1 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Sysctl Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
3.3.9 Ensure IPv6 router advertisements are not accepted
This setting disables the system's ability to accept IPv6 router advertisements.
It is recommended that systems do not accept router advertisements as they could be tricked into routing traffic to compromised machines. Setting hard routes within the system (usually a single default route to a trusted router) protects the system from bad routes.
IF IPv6 is enabled:
Set the following parameters in /etc/sysctl.conf or a /etc/sysctl.d/* file:
net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra = 0
net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra = 0
Run the following commands to set the active kernel parameters:
# sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra=0
# sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra=0
# sysctl -w net.ipv6.route.flush=1
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.9_Ensure_IPv6_router_advertisements_are_not_accepted"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.844+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1475277"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475277_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475277"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475277">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752772"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/sysctl.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>sysctl.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\s*net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra\s*=\s*0$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra = 0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra = 0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752773"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752771"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Sysctl Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1475278"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475278_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475278"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475278">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752782"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/sysctl.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>sysctl.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\s*net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra\s*=\s*0$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>
net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra = 0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>
net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra = 0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752783"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:14752781"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep evidence-multi" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure 'net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra' kernel parameter Equals 0 (int)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Sysctl Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\ipv6_disabled_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>IPv6 is enabled on the system</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>IPv6 is enabled on the system</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
3.4 Uncommon Network Protocols
The Linux kernel modules support several network protocols that are not commonly used. If these protocols are not needed, it is recommended that they be disabled in the kernel.
Note: This should not be considered a comprehensive list of uncommon network protocols, you may wish to consider additions to those listed here for your environment.
3.4.1 Ensure DCCP is disabled
The Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP) is a transport layer protocol that supports streaming media and telephony. DCCP provides a way to gain access to congestion control, without having to do it at the application layer, but does not provide in-sequence delivery.
If the protocol is not required, it is recommended that the drivers not be installed to reduce the potential attack surface.
Edit or create a file in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory ending in .conf
Example:vi /etc/modprobe.d/dccp.conf
Add the following line:
install dccp /bin/true
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.1_Ensure_DCCP_is_disabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.844+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456251"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456251">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456251"
check="at least one"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure kernel module dccp is not loadable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>At least one</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shellcommand Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Command</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>modprobe -n -v dccp</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line Selection</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>.+</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exit Status</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Stdout Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>install /bin/true </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456254"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456254">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456254"
check="none satisfy"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure kernel module dccp is not loaded</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>None satisfy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shellcommand Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Command</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>modprobe -n -v dccp</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line Selection</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>.+</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exit Status</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Stdout Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>install /bin/true </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.2 Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
3.4.2 Ensure SCTP is disabled
The Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) is a transport layer protocol used to support message oriented communication, with several streams of messages in one connection. It serves a similar function as TCP and UDP, incorporating features of both. It is message-oriented like UDP, and ensures reliable in-sequence transport of messages with congestion control like TCP.
If the protocol is not being used, it is recommended that kernel module not be loaded, disabling the service to reduce the potential attack surface.
Edit or create a file in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory ending in .conf
Example: vi /etc/modprobe.d/sctp.conf
and add the following line:
install sctp /bin/true
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2_Ensure_SCTP_is_disabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.845+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456257"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456257">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456257"
check="at least one"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure kernel module sctp is not loadable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>At least one</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shellcommand Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Command</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>modprobe -n -v sctp</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line Selection</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>.+</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exit Status</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Stdout Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>insmod /lib/modules/5.15.0-1029-gcp/kernel/net/ipv4/udp_tunnel.ko </td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Stdout Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>insmod /lib/modules/5.15.0-1029-gcp/kernel/net/ipv6/ip6_udp_tunnel.ko </td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Stdout Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>install /bin/true </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456260"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456260">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456260"
check="none satisfy"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure kernel module sctp is not loaded</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>None satisfy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shellcommand Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Command</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>modprobe -n -v sctp</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line Selection</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>.+</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exit Status</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Stdout Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>insmod /lib/modules/5.15.0-1029-gcp/kernel/net/ipv4/udp_tunnel.ko </td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Stdout Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>insmod /lib/modules/5.15.0-1029-gcp/kernel/net/ipv6/ip6_udp_tunnel.ko </td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Stdout Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>install /bin/true </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.2 Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
3.4.3 Ensure RDS is disabled
The Reliable Datagram Sockets (RDS) protocol is a transport layer protocol designed to provide low-latency, high-bandwidth communications between cluster nodes. It was developed by the Oracle Corporation.
If the protocol is not being used, it is recommended that kernel module not be loaded, disabling the service to reduce the potential attack surface.
Edit or create a file in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory ending in .conf
Example: vi /etc/modprobe.d/rds.conf
and add the following line:
install rds /bin/true
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3_Ensure_RDS_is_disabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.845+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456264"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456264">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456264"
check="at least one"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure kernel module rds is not loadable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>At least one</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shellcommand Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Command</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>modprobe -n -v rds</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line Selection</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>.+</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exit Status</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Stdout Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>install /bin/true </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456267"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456267">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456267"
check="none satisfy"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure kernel module rds is not loaded</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>None satisfy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shellcommand Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Command</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>modprobe -n -v rds</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line Selection</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>.+</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exit Status</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Stdout Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>install /bin/true </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.2 Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
3.4.4 Ensure TIPC is disabled
The Transparent Inter-Process Communication (TIPC) protocol is designed to provide communication between cluster nodes.
If the protocol is not being used, it is recommended that kernel module not be loaded, disabling the service to reduce the potential attack surface.
Edit or create a file in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory ending in .conf
Example: vi /etc/modprobe.d/tipc.conf
and add the following line:
install tipc /bin/true
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.4_Ensure_TIPC_is_disabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.846+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456271"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456271">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456271"
check="at least one"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure kernel module tipc is not loadable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>At least one</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shellcommand Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Command</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>modprobe -n -v tipc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line Selection</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>.+</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exit Status</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Stdout Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>insmod /lib/modules/5.15.0-1029-gcp/kernel/net/ipv4/udp_tunnel.ko </td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Stdout Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>insmod /lib/modules/5.15.0-1029-gcp/kernel/net/ipv6/ip6_udp_tunnel.ko </td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Stdout Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>install /bin/true </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456274"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456274">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456274"
check="none satisfy"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure kernel module tipc is not loaded</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>None satisfy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shellcommand Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Command</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>modprobe -n -v tipc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line Selection</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>.+</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exit Status</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Stdout Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>insmod /lib/modules/5.15.0-1029-gcp/kernel/net/ipv4/udp_tunnel.ko </td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Stdout Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>insmod /lib/modules/5.15.0-1029-gcp/kernel/net/ipv6/ip6_udp_tunnel.ko </td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Stdout Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>install /bin/true </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.2 Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
3.5 Firewall Configuration
A firewall is a set of rules. When a data packet moves into or out of a protected network space, its contents (in particular, information about its origin, target, and the protocol it plans to use) are tested against the firewall rules to see if it should be allowed through
To provide a Host Based Firewall, the Linux kernel includes support for:
- Netfilter - A set of hooks inside the Linux kernel that allows kernel modules to register callback functions with the network stack. A registered callback function is then called back for every packet that traverses the respective hook within the network stack. Includes the ip_tables, ip6_tables, arp_tables, and ebtables kernel modules. These modules are some of the significant parts of the Netfilter hook system.
- nftables - A subsystem of the Linux kernel providing filtering and classification of network packets/datagrams/frames. nftables is supposed to replace certain parts of Netfilter, while keeping and reusing most of it. nftables utilizes the building blocks of the Netfilter infrastructure, such as the existing hooks into the networking stack, connection tracking system, userspace queueing component, and logging subsystem. Is available in Linux kernels 3.13 and newer .
In order to configure firewall rules for Netfilter or nftables, a firewall utility needs to be installed. Guidance has been included for the following firewall utilities:
- UncomplicatedFirewall (ufw) - Provides firewall features by acting as a front-end for the Linux kernel's netfilter framework via the iptables backend. ufw supports both IPv4 and IPv6 networks
- nftables - Includes the nft utility for configuration of the nftables subsystem of the Linux kernel
- iptables - Includes the iptables, ip6tables, arptables and ebtables utilities for configuration Netfilter and the ip_tables, ip6_tables, arp_tables, and ebtables kernel modules.
Notes:
- Only one method should be used to configure a firewall on the system. Use of more than one method could produce unexpected results
- This section is intended only to ensure the resulting firewall rules are in place, not how they are configured
3.5.1 Configure UncomplicatedFirewall
If nftables or iptables are being used in your environment, please follow the guidance in their respective section and pass-over the guidance in this section.
Uncomplicated Firewall (UFW) is a program for managing a netfilter firewall designed to be easy to use.
- Uses a command-line interface consisting of a small number of simple commands
- Uses iptables for configuration
- Rules are processed until first matching rule. The first matching rule will be applied.
Notes:
- Configuration of a live system's firewall directly over a remote connection will often result in being locked out
- Rules should be ordered so that ALLOW rules come before DENY rules.
3.5.1.1 Ensure ufw is installed
The Uncomplicated Firewall (ufw) is a frontend for iptables and is particularly well-suited for host-based firewalls. ufw provides a framework for managing netfilter, as well as a command-line interface for manipulating the firewall
A firewall utility is required to configure the Linux kernel's netfilter framework via the iptables or nftables back-end.
The Linux kernel's netfilter framework host-based firewall can protect against threats originating from within a corporate network to include malicious mobile code and poorly configured software on a host.
Note: Only one firewall utility should be installed and configured. UFW is dependent on the iptables package
Run the following command to install Uncomplicated Firewall (UFW):
apt install ufw
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.1_Ensure_ufw_is_installed"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.846+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456279"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456279">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456279"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'ufw' is installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ufw</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>all</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>6ubuntu1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0.36</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:0.36-6ubuntu1</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/no_ufw.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/no_ufw.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\no_ufw.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>Status: active</l>
<l>Uncomplicated Firewall is active on the system</l>
<l>Both IPTables and NFTables are not configured</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/no_ufw.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>Status: active</li>
<li>Uncomplicated Firewall is active on the system</li>
<li>Both IPTables and NFTables are not configured</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.4 Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
3.5.1.2 Ensure iptables-persistent is not installed with ufw
The iptables-persistent is a boot-time loader for netfilter rules, iptables plugin
Running both ufw and the services included in the iptables-persistent package may lead to conflict
Run the following command to remove the iptables-persistent package:
# apt purge iptables-persistent
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.2_Ensure_iptables-persistent_is_not_installed_with_ufw"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.847+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456286"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456286">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456286"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'iptables-persistent' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/no_ufw.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/no_ufw.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\no_ufw.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>Status: active</l>
<l>Uncomplicated Firewall is active on the system</l>
<l>Both IPTables and NFTables are not configured</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/no_ufw.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>Status: active</li>
<li>Uncomplicated Firewall is active on the system</li>
<li>Both IPTables and NFTables are not configured</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.4 Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
3.5.1.3 Ensure ufw service is enabled
UncomplicatedFirewall (ufw) is a frontend for iptables. ufw provides a framework for managing netfilter, as well as a command-line and available graphical user interface for manipulating the firewall.
Notes:
- When running ufw enable or starting ufw via its initscript, ufw will flush its chains. This is required so ufw can maintain a consistent state, but it may drop existing connections (eg ssh). ufw does support adding rules before enabling the firewall.
- Run the following command before running ufw enable .
# ufw allow proto tcp from any to any port 22
- The rules will still be flushed, but the ssh port will be open after enabling the firewall. Please note that once ufw is 'enabled', ufw will not flush the chains when adding or removing rules (but will when modifying a rule or changing the default policy)
- By default, ufw will prompt when enabling the firewall while running under ssh. This can be disabled by using ufw --force enable
The ufw service must be enabled and running in order for ufw to protect the system
Run the following command to enable ufw:
# ufw enable
Impact:
Changing firewall settings while connected over network can result in being locked out of the system.
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.3_Ensure_ufw_service_is_enabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.847+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/precise/en/man8/ufw.8.html</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/ufw_enabled.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/ufw_enabled.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\ufw_enabled.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>Status: active</l>
<l>Passed. UFW status is: "Status: active"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/ufw_enabled.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>Status: active</li>
<li>Passed. UFW status is: "Status: active"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/no_ufw.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/no_ufw.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\no_ufw.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>Status: active</l>
<l>Uncomplicated Firewall is active on the system</l>
<l>Both IPTables and NFTables are not configured</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/no_ufw.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>Status: active</li>
<li>Uncomplicated Firewall is active on the system</li>
<li>Both IPTables and NFTables are not configured</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/precise/en/man8/ufw.8.html
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.4 Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
3.5.1.4 Ensure ufw loopback traffic is configured
Configure the loopback interface to accept traffic. Configure all other interfaces to deny traffic to the loopback network (127.0.0.0/8 for IPv4 and ::1/128 for IPv6).
Loopback traffic is generated between processes on machine and is typically critical to operation of the system. The loopback interface is the only place that loopback network (127.0.0.0/8 for IPv4 and ::1/128 for IPv6) traffic should be seen, all other interfaces should ignore traffic on this network as an anti-spoofing measure.
Run the following commands to implement the loopback rules:
# ufw allow in on lo
# ufw allow out on lo
# ufw deny in from 127.0.0.0/8
# ufw deny in from ::1
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.4_Ensure_ufw_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.848+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1456299_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/ufw_status.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/ufw_status.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\ufw_status.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>Missing ufw rule.</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^Anywhere\s+\(v6\)\s+DENY\s+IN\s+\:\:1\s*$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/ufw_status.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>Missing ufw rule.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\ipv6_disabled_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>IPv6 is enabled on the system</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>IPv6 is enabled on the system</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1456297_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/ufw_status.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/ufw_status.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\ufw_status.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>Missing ufw rule.</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^Anywhere\s+DENY\s+IN\s+127\.0\.0\.0\/8\s*$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/ufw_status.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>Missing ufw rule.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/no_ufw.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/no_ufw.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\no_ufw.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>Status: active</l>
<l>Uncomplicated Firewall is active on the system</l>
<l>Both IPTables and NFTables are not configured</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/no_ufw.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>Status: active</li>
<li>Uncomplicated Firewall is active on the system</li>
<li>Both IPTables and NFTables are not configured</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.4 Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
3.5.1.5 Ensure ufw outbound connections are configured
Configure the firewall rules for new outbound connections.
Notes:
- Changing firewall settings while connected over network can result in being locked out of the system.
- Unlike iptables, when a new outbound rule is added, ufw automatically takes care of associated established connections, so no rules for the latter kind are required.
If rules are not in place for new outbound connections all packets will be dropped by the default policy preventing network usage.
Configure ufw in accordance with site policy. The following commands will implement a policy to allow all outbound connections on all interfaces:
# ufw allow out on all
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.5_Ensure_ufw_outbound_connections_are_configured"
role="unscored"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.848+02:00"
version="1"
weight="0.0">
<xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.4 Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
3.5.1.6 Ensure ufw firewall rules exist for all open ports
Any ports that have been opened on non-loopback addresses need firewall rules to govern traffic.
Notes:
- Changing firewall settings while connected over network can result in being locked out of the system
- The remediation command opens up the port to traffic from all sources. Consult ufw documentation and set any restrictions in compliance with site policy
Without a firewall rule configured for open ports default firewall policy will drop all packets to these ports.
For each port identified in the audit which does not have a firewall rule establish a proper rule for accepting inbound connections:
# ufw allow in <port>/<tcp or udp protocol>
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.6_Ensure_ufw_firewall_rules_exist_for_all_open_ports"
role="unscored"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.848+02:00"
version="1"
weight="0.0">
<xccdf:result>informational</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/ufw_open_ports.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/ufw_open_ports.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\ufw_open_ports.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAIL:</l>
<l>- Port: "68" is missing a firewall rule</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/ufw_open_ports.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAIL:</li>
<li>- Port: "68" is missing a firewall rule</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/no_ufw.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/no_ufw.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\no_ufw.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>Status: active</l>
<l>Uncomplicated Firewall is active on the system</l>
<l>Both IPTables and NFTables are not configured</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/no_ufw.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>Status: active</li>
<li>Uncomplicated Firewall is active on the system</li>
<li>Both IPTables and NFTables are not configured</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.4 Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
3.5.1.7 Ensure ufw default deny firewall policy
A default deny policy on connections ensures that any unconfigured network usage will be rejected.
Note: Any port or protocol without a explicit allow before the default deny will be blocked
With a default accept policy the firewall will accept any packet that is not configured to be denied. It is easier to white list acceptable usage than to black list unacceptable usage.
Run the following commands to implement a default deny policy:
# ufw default deny incoming
# ufw default deny outgoing
# ufw default deny routed
Impact:
Any port and protocol not explicitly allowed will be blocked. The following rules should be considered before applying the default deny.
ufw allow git
ufw allow in http
ufw allow in https
ufw allow out 53
ufw logging on
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.1.7_Ensure_ufw_default_deny_firewall_policy"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.848+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1456315_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/ufw_status.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/ufw_status.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\ufw_status.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out/>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^Default:\s+(deny|reject)\s+\(incoming\),\s+\S+\s+\(outgoing\),\s+\S+\s+\(routed\)\s*$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/ufw_status.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No output lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1456317_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/ufw_status.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/ufw_status.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\ufw_status.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>Missing ufw rule.</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^Default:\s+\S+\s+\(incoming\),\s+(deny|reject)\s+\(outgoing\),\s+\S+\s+\(routed\)\s*$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/ufw_status.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>Missing ufw rule.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1456320_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/ufw_status.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/ufw_status.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\ufw_status.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out/>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^Default:\s+\S+\s+\(incoming\),\s+\S+\s+\(outgoing\),\s+(disabled|deny|reject)\s+\(routed\)\s*$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/ufw_status.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No output lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/no_ufw.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/no_ufw.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\no_ufw.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>Status: active</l>
<l>Uncomplicated Firewall is active on the system</l>
<l>Both IPTables and NFTables are not configured</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/no_ufw.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>Status: active</li>
<li>Uncomplicated Firewall is active on the system</li>
<li>Both IPTables and NFTables are not configured</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.4 Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
3.5.2 Configure nftables
If Uncomplicated Firewall (UFW) or iptables are being used in your environment, please follow the guidance in their respective section and pass-over the guidance in this section.
nftables is a subsystem of the Linux kernel providing filtering and classification of network packets/datagrams/frames and is the successor to iptables. The biggest change with the successor nftables is its simplicity. With iptables, we have to configure every single rule and use the syntax which can be compared with normal commands. With nftables, the simpler syntax, much like BPF (Berkely Packet Filter) means shorter lines and less repetition. Support for nftables should also be compiled into the kernel, together with the related nftables modules. Please ensure that your kernel supports nf_tables before choosing this option.
Notes:
- This section broadly assumes starting with an empty nftables firewall ruleset (established by flushing the rules with nft flush ruleset).
- Remediation steps included only affect the live system, you will also need to configure your default firewall configuration to apply on boot.
- Configuration of a live systems firewall directly over a remote connection will often result in being locked out. It is advised to have a known good firewall configuration set to run on boot and to configure an entire firewall structure in a script that is then run and tested before saving to boot.
The following will implement the firewall rules of this section and open ICMP, IGMP, and port 22(ssh) from anywhere. Opening the ports for ICMP, IGMP, and port 22(ssh) needs to be updated in accordance with local site policy. Allow port 22(ssh) needs to be updated to only allow systems requiring ssh connectivity to connect, as per site policy.
Save the script bellow as /etc/nftables.rules
#!/sbin/nft -f
# This nftables.rules config should be saved as /etc/nftables.rules
# flush nftables rulesset
flush ruleset
# Load nftables ruleset
# nftables config with inet table named filter
table inet filter {
# Base chain for input hook named input (Filters inbound network packets)
chain input {
type filter hook input priority 0; policy drop;
# Ensure loopback traffic is configured
iif "lo" accept
ip saddr 127.0.0.0/8 counter packets 0 bytes 0 drop
ip6 saddr ::1 counter packets 0 bytes 0 drop
# Ensure established connections are configured
ip protocol tcp ct state established accept
ip protocol udp ct state established accept
ip protocol icmp ct state established accept
# Accept port 22(SSH) traffic from anywhere
tcp dport ssh accept
# Accept ICMP and IGMP from anywhere
icmpv6 type { destination-unreachable, packet-too-big, time-exceeded, parameter-problem,
mld-listener-query, mld-listener-report, mld-listener-done, nd-router-solicit, nd-router-advert,
nd-neighbor-solicit, nd-neighbor-advert, ind-neighbor-solicit, ind-neighbor-advert,
mld2-listener-report } accept
icmp type { destination-unreachable, router-advertisement, router-solicitation, time-exceeded,
parameter-problem } accept
ip protocol igmp accept
}
# Base chain for hook forward named forward (Filters forwarded network packets)
chain forward {
type filter hook forward priority 0; policy drop;
}
# Base chain for hook output named output (Filters outbount network packets)
chain output {
type filter hook output priority 0; policy drop;
# Ensure outbound and established connections are configured
ip protocol tcp ct state established,related,new accept
ip protocol udp ct state established,related,new accept
ip protocol icmp ct state established,related,new accept
}
}
Run the following command to load the file into nftables
# nft -f /etc/nftables.rules
All changes in the nftables subsections are temporary.
To make these changes permanent:
Run the following command to create the nftables.rules file
nft list ruleset > /etc/nftables.rules
Add the following line to /etc/nftables.conf
include "/etc/nftables.rules"
3.5.2.1 Ensure nftables is installed
nftables provides a new in-kernel packet classification framework that is based on a network-specific Virtual Machine (VM) and a new nft userspace command line tool. nftables reuses the existing Netfilter subsystems such as the existing hook infrastructure, the connection tracking system, NAT, userspace queuing and logging subsystem.
Notes:
- nftables is available in Linux kernel 3.13 and newer
- Only one firewall utility should be installed and configured
- Changing firewall settings while connected over the network can result in being locked out of the system
nftables is a subsystem of the Linux kernel that can protect against threats originating from within a corporate network to include malicious mobile code and poorly configured software on a host.
Run the following command to install nftables :
# apt install nftables
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.1_Ensure_nftables_is_installed"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.850+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456325"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456325">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456325"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'nftables' is installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\deb_no_nftables.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>NFTables is not in use on the system</l>
<l>UFW is in use on the system</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/deb_no_nftables.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>NFTables is not in use on the system</li>
<li>UFW is in use on the system</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.4 Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
3.5.2.2 Ensure ufw is uninstalled or disabled with nftables
Uncomplicated Firewall (UFW) is a program for managing a netfilter firewall designed to be easy to use.
Running both the nftables service and ufw may lead to conflict and unexpected results.
Run one of the following commands to either remove ufw or disable ufw
Run the following command to remove ufw :
# apt purge ufw
Run the following command to disable ufw :
# ufw disable
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.2_Ensure_ufw_is_uninstalled_or_disabled_with_nftables"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.851+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1484917"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1484917">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1484917"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'ufw' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ufw</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>all</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>6ubuntu1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0.36</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:0.36-6ubuntu1</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/ufw_disabled.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/ufw_disabled.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\ufw_disabled.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>UFW status is: "Status: active"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/ufw_disabled.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>UFW status is: "Status: active"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\deb_no_nftables.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>NFTables is not in use on the system</l>
<l>UFW is in use on the system</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/deb_no_nftables.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>NFTables is not in use on the system</li>
<li>UFW is in use on the system</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.4 Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
3.5.2.3 Ensure iptables are flushed with nftables
nftables is a replacement for iptables, ip6tables, ebtables and arptables
It is possible to mix iptables and nftables. However, this increases complexity and also the chance to introduce errors. For simplicity flush out all iptables rules, and ensure it is not loaded
Run the following commands to flush iptables:
For iptables:
# iptables -F
For ip6tables:
# ip6tables -F
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.3_Ensure_iptables_are_flushed_with_nftables"
role="unscored"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.851+02:00"
version="1"
weight="0.0">
<xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.4 Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
3.5.2.4 Ensure a nftables table exists
Tables hold chains. Each table only has one address family and only applies to packets of this family. Tables can have one of five families.
nftables doesn't have any default tables. Without a table being build, nftables will not filter network traffic.
Run the following command to create a table in nftables
# nft create table inet <table name>
Example:
# nft create table inet filter
Impact:
Adding rules to a running nftables can cause loss of connectivity to the system
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.4_Ensure_a_nftables_table_exists"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.851+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1456337_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nft_tables.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nft_tables.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nft_tables.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>Missing nftables rule.</l>
</out>
<err>
<l>/home/ubuntu/ccpa-temp-20230219T200138111/nft_tables.sh: 23: nft: not found</l>
</err>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^table\s+\S+\s+\S+</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nft_tables.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>Missing nftables rule.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Errors:</td>
<td>
<ul>
<li>/home/ubuntu/ccpa-temp-20230219T200138111/nft_tables.sh: 23: nft: not found</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\deb_no_nftables.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>NFTables is not in use on the system</l>
<l>UFW is in use on the system</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/deb_no_nftables.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>NFTables is not in use on the system</li>
<li>UFW is in use on the system</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.4 Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
3.5.2.5 Ensure nftables base chains exist
Chains are containers for rules. They exist in two kinds, base chains and regular chains. A base chain is an entry point for packets from the networking stack, a regular chain may be used as jump target and is used for better rule organization.
If a base chain doesn't exist with a hook for input, forward, and delete, packets that would flow through those chains will not be touched by nftables.
Run the following command to create the base chains:
# nft create chain inet <table name> <base chain name> { type filter hook <(input|forward|output)>
priority 0 \; }
Example:
# nft create chain inet filter input { type filter hook input priority 0 \; }
# nft create chain inet filter forward { type filter hook forward priority 0 \; }
# nft create chain inet filter output { type filter hook output priority 0 \; }
Impact:
If configuring nftables over ssh, creating a base chain with a policy of drop will cause loss of connectivity.
Ensure that a rule allowing ssh has been added to the base chain prior to setting the base chain's policy to drop
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.5_Ensure_nftables_base_chains_exist"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.852+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1456341_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nft_ruleset.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nft_ruleset.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nft_ruleset.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>Missing nftables rule.</l>
</out>
<err>
<l>/home/ubuntu/ccpa-temp-20230219T200138111/nft_ruleset.sh: 22: nft: not found</l>
</err>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*\S+\s+\S+\s+hook\s+input</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nft_ruleset.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>Missing nftables rule.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Errors:</td>
<td>
<ul>
<li>/home/ubuntu/ccpa-temp-20230219T200138111/nft_ruleset.sh: 22: nft: not found</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1456343_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nft_ruleset.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nft_ruleset.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nft_ruleset.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>Missing nftables rule.</l>
</out>
<err>
<l>/home/ubuntu/ccpa-temp-20230219T200138111/nft_ruleset.sh: 22: nft: not found</l>
</err>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*\S+\s+\S+\s+hook\s+forward</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nft_ruleset.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>Missing nftables rule.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Errors:</td>
<td>
<ul>
<li>/home/ubuntu/ccpa-temp-20230219T200138111/nft_ruleset.sh: 22: nft: not found</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1456345_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nft_ruleset.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nft_ruleset.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nft_ruleset.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>Missing nftables rule.</l>
</out>
<err>
<l>/home/ubuntu/ccpa-temp-20230219T200138111/nft_ruleset.sh: 22: nft: not found</l>
</err>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*\S+\s+\S+\s+hook\s+output</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nft_ruleset.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>Missing nftables rule.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Errors:</td>
<td>
<ul>
<li>/home/ubuntu/ccpa-temp-20230219T200138111/nft_ruleset.sh: 22: nft: not found</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\deb_no_nftables.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>NFTables is not in use on the system</l>
<l>UFW is in use on the system</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/deb_no_nftables.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>NFTables is not in use on the system</li>
<li>UFW is in use on the system</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.4 Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
3.5.2.6 Ensure nftables loopback traffic is configured
Configure the loopback interface to accept traffic. Configure all other interfaces to deny traffic to the loopback network
Loopback traffic is generated between processes on machine and is typically critical to operation of the system. The loopback interface is the only place that loopback network traffic should be seen, all other interfaces should ignore traffic on this network as an anti-spoofing measure.
Run the following commands to implement the loopback rules:
# nft add rule inet filter input iif lo accept
# nft create rule inet filter input ip saddr 127.0.0.0/8 counter drop
IF IPv6 is enabled on the system:
Run the following command to implement the IPv6 loopback rule:
# nft add rule inet filter input ip6 saddr ::1 counter drop
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.6_Ensure_nftables_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.852+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nft_loopback.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nft_loopback.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nft_loopback.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>"iif "lo" accept" is not set</l>
<l>Packets sourced from "127.0.0.1" are not set to drop</l>
<l>IPv6 is enabled, but packets sourced from "::1" are not set to drop</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nft_loopback.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>"iif "lo" accept" is not set</li>
<li>Packets sourced from "127.0.0.1" are not set to drop</li>
<li>IPv6 is enabled, but packets sourced from "::1" are not set to drop</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\deb_no_nftables.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>NFTables is not in use on the system</l>
<l>UFW is in use on the system</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/deb_no_nftables.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>NFTables is not in use on the system</li>
<li>UFW is in use on the system</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.4 Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
3.5.2.7 Ensure nftables outbound and established connections are configured
Configure the firewall rules for new outbound, and established connections
If rules are not in place for new outbound, and established connections all packets will be dropped by the default policy preventing network usage.
Configure nftables in accordance with site policy. The following commands will implement a policy to allow all outbound connections and all established connections:
# nft add rule inet filter input ip protocol tcp ct state established accept
# nft add rule inet filter input ip protocol udp ct state established accept
# nft add rule inet filter input ip protocol icmp ct state established accept
# nft add rule inet filter output ip protocol tcp ct state new,related,established
accept
# nft add rule inet filter output ip protocol udp ct state new,related,established
accept
# nft add rule inet filter output ip protocol icmp ct state new,related,established
accept
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.7_Ensure_nftables_outbound_and_established_connections_are_configured"
role="unscored"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.852+02:00"
version="1"
weight="0.0">
<xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.4 Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
3.5.2.8 Ensure nftables default deny firewall policy
Base chain policy is the default verdict that will be applied to packets reaching the end of the chain.
There are two policies: accept (Default) and drop. If the policy is set to accept , the firewall will accept any packet that is not configured to be denied and the packet will continue transversing the network stack.
It is easier to white list acceptable usage than to black list unacceptable usage.
Note: Changing firewall settings while connected over network can result in being locked out of the system.
Run the following command for the base chains with the input, forward, and output hooks to implement a default DROP policy:
# nft chain <table family> <table name> <chain name> { policy drop \; }
Example:
# nft chain inet filter input { policy drop \; }
# nft chain inet filter forward { policy drop \; }
# nft chain inet filter output { policy drop \; }
Impact:
If configuring nftables over ssh, creating a base chain with a policy of drop will cause loss of connectivity.
Ensure that a rule allowing ssh has been added to the base chain prior to setting the base chain's policy to drop
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.8_Ensure_nftables_default_deny_firewall_policy"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.852+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">Manual Page nft</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1456353_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nft_ruleset_drop.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>"input" basechain does not have a default drop policy</l>
</out>
<err>
<l>/home/ubuntu/ccpa-temp-20230219T200138111/nft_ruleset_drop.sh: 24: nft: not found</l>
</err>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">input</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>"input" basechain does not have a default drop policy</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Errors:</td>
<td>
<ul>
<li>/home/ubuntu/ccpa-temp-20230219T200138111/nft_ruleset_drop.sh: 24: nft: not found</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1456354_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nft_ruleset_drop.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>"forward" basechain does not have a default drop policy</l>
</out>
<err>
<l>/home/ubuntu/ccpa-temp-20230219T200138111/nft_ruleset_drop.sh: 24: nft: not found</l>
</err>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">forward</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>"forward" basechain does not have a default drop policy</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Errors:</td>
<td>
<ul>
<li>/home/ubuntu/ccpa-temp-20230219T200138111/nft_ruleset_drop.sh: 24: nft: not found</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1456356_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nft_ruleset_drop.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>"output" basechain does not have a default drop policy</l>
</out>
<err>
<l>/home/ubuntu/ccpa-temp-20230219T200138111/nft_ruleset_drop.sh: 24: nft: not found</l>
</err>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">output</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>"output" basechain does not have a default drop policy</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Errors:</td>
<td>
<ul>
<li>/home/ubuntu/ccpa-temp-20230219T200138111/nft_ruleset_drop.sh: 24: nft: not found</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\deb_no_nftables.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>NFTables is not in use on the system</l>
<l>UFW is in use on the system</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/deb_no_nftables.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>NFTables is not in use on the system</li>
<li>UFW is in use on the system</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: Manual Page nft
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.4 Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
3.5.2.9 Ensure nftables service is enabled
The nftables service allows for the loading of nftables rulesets during boot, or starting on the nftables service
The nftables service restores the nftables rules from the rules files referenced in the /etc/nftables.conf file during boot or the starting of the nftables service
Run the following command to enable the nftables service:
# systemctl enable nftables
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.9_Ensure_nftables_service_is_enabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.853+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456360"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456360">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456360"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure standard service 'nftables' is enabled</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>nftables</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\deb_no_nftables.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>NFTables is not in use on the system</l>
<l>UFW is in use on the system</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/deb_no_nftables.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>NFTables is not in use on the system</li>
<li>UFW is in use on the system</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.4 Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
3.5.2.10 Ensure nftables rules are permanent
nftables is a subsystem of the Linux kernel providing filtering and classification of network packets/datagrams/frames.
The nftables service reads the /etc/nftables.conf file for a nftables file or files to include in the nftables ruleset.
A nftables ruleset containing the input, forward, and output base chains allow network traffic to be filtered.
Changes made to nftables ruleset only affect the live system, you will also need to configure the nftables ruleset to apply on boot
Edit the /etc/nftables.conf file and un-comment or add a line with include <Absolute path to nftables rules file> for each nftables file you want included in the nftables ruleset on boot
Example:
# vi /etc/nftables.conf
Add the line:
include "/etc/nftables.rules"
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.2.10_Ensure_nftables_rules_are_permanent"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.853+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1484922"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1484922">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1484922"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/nftables.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*include\s+\S+</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\deb_no_nftables.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>NFTables is not in use on the system</l>
<l>UFW is in use on the system</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/deb_no_nftables.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>NFTables is not in use on the system</li>
<li>UFW is in use on the system</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.4 Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
3.5.3 Configure iptables
If Uncomplicated Firewall (UFW) or nftables are being used in your environment, please follow the guidance in their respective section and pass-over the guidance in this section.
IPtables is an application that allows a system administrator to configure the IPv4 and IPv6 tables, chains and rules provided by the Linux kernel firewall. While several methods of configuration exist this section is intended only to ensure the resulting IPtables rules are in place, not how they are configured. If IPv6 is in use in your environment, similar settings should be applied to the IP6tables as well.
Note: Configuration of a live system's firewall directly over a remote connection will often result in being locked out
3.5.3.1 Configure iptables software
This section provides guidance for installing, enabling, removing, and disabling software packages necessary for using IPTables as the method for configuring and maintaining a Host Based Firewall on the system.
Note: Using more than one method to configure and maintain a Host Based Firewall can cause unexpected results. If FirewallD or NFTables are being used for configuration and maintenance, this section should be skipped and the guidance in their respective section followed.
3.5.3.1.1 Ensure iptables packages are installed
iptables is a utility program that allows a system administrator to configure the tables provided by the Linux kernel firewall, implemented as different Netfilter modules, and the chains and rules it stores. Different kernel modules and programs are used for different protocols; iptables applies to IPv4, ip6tables to IPv6, arptables to ARP, and ebtables to Ethernet frames.
A method of configuring and maintaining firewall rules is necessary to configure a Host Based Firewall.
Run the following command to install iptables and iptables-persistent
# apt install iptables iptables-persistent
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.1.1_Ensure_iptables_packages_are_installed"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.854+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456369"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456369">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456369"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'iptables' is installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>iptables</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>amd64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>3ubuntu2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1.8.4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:1.8.4-3ubuntu2</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456371"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456371">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456371"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'iptables-persistent' is installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\deb_no_iptables.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>Status: active</l>
<l>Passed: </l>
<l>iptables-persistent is not installed</l>
<l>UFW is in use on the system</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/deb_no_iptables.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>Status: active</li>
<li>Passed: </li>
<li>iptables-persistent is not installed</li>
<li>UFW is in use on the system</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.4 Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
3.5.3.1.2 Ensure nftables is not installed with iptables
nftables is a subsystem of the Linux kernel providing filtering and classification of network packets/datagrams/frames and is the successor to iptables.
Running both iptables and nftables may lead to conflict.
Run the following command to remove nftables :
# apt purge nftables
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.1.2_Ensure_nftables_is_not_installed_with_iptables"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.854+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456376"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456376">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456376"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'nftables' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\deb_no_iptables.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>Status: active</l>
<l>Passed: </l>
<l>iptables-persistent is not installed</l>
<l>UFW is in use on the system</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/deb_no_iptables.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>Status: active</li>
<li>Passed: </li>
<li>iptables-persistent is not installed</li>
<li>UFW is in use on the system</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.4 Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
3.5.3.1.3 Ensure ufw is uninstalled or disabled with iptables
Uncomplicated Firewall (UFW) is a program for managing a netfilter firewall designed to be easy to use.
- Uses a command-line interface consisting of a small number of simple commands
- Uses iptables for configuration
Running iptables.persistent with ufw enabled may lead to conflict and unexpected results.
Run one of the following commands to either remove ufw or stop and mask ufw
Run the following command to remove ufw :
# apt purge ufw
OR
Run the following commands to disable ufw :
# ufw disable
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.1.3_Ensure_ufw_is_uninstalled_or_disabled_with_iptables"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.855+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456380"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456380">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456380"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'ufw' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ufw</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>all</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>6ubuntu1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0.36</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:0.36-6ubuntu1</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/ufw_disabled.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/ufw_disabled.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\ufw_disabled.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>UFW status is: "Status: active"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/ufw_disabled.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>UFW status is: "Status: active"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\deb_no_iptables.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>Status: active</l>
<l>Passed: </l>
<l>iptables-persistent is not installed</l>
<l>UFW is in use on the system</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/deb_no_iptables.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>Status: active</li>
<li>Passed: </li>
<li>iptables-persistent is not installed</li>
<li>UFW is in use on the system</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.4 Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
3.5.3.2 Configure IPv4 iptables
Iptables is used to set up, maintain, and inspect the tables of IP packet filter rules in the Linux kernel. Several different tables may be defined. Each table contains a number of built-in chains and may also contain user-defined chains.
Each chain is a list of rules which can match a set of packets. Each rule specifies what to do with a packet that matches. This is called a 'target', which may be a jump to a user-defined chain in the same table.
Note: This section broadly assumes starting with an empty IPtables firewall ruleset (established by flushing the rules with iptables -F). Remediation steps included only affect the live system, you will also need to configure your default firewall configuration to apply on boot. Configuration of a live systems firewall directly over a remote connection will often result in being locked out. It is advised to have a known good firewall configuration set to run on boot and to configure an entire firewall structure in a script that is then run and tested before saving to boot. The following script will implement the firewall rules of this section and open port 22(ssh) from anywhere:
#!/bin/bash
# Flush IPtables rules
iptables -F
# Ensure default deny firewall policy
iptables -P INPUT DROP
iptables -P OUTPUT DROP
iptables -P FORWARD DROP
# Ensure loopback traffic is configured
iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
iptables -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -s 127.0.0.0/8 -j DROP
# Ensure outbound and established connections are configured
iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
iptables -A OUTPUT -p udp -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
iptables -A OUTPUT -p icmp -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p udp -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p icmp -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
# Open inbound ssh(tcp port 22) connections
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -m state --state NEW -j ACCEPT
3.5.3.2.1 Ensure iptables loopback traffic is configured
Configure the loopback interface to accept traffic. Configure all other interfaces to deny traffic to the loopback network (127.0.0.0/8).
Notes:
- Changing firewall settings while connected over network can result in being locked out of the system
- Remediation will only affect the active system firewall, be sure to configure the default policy in your firewall management to apply on boot as well
Loopback traffic is generated between processes on machine and is typically critical to operation of the system. The loopback interface is the only place that loopback network (127.0.0.0/8) traffic should be seen, all other interfaces should ignore traffic on this network as an anti-spoofing measure.
Run the following commands to implement the loopback rules:
# iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
# iptables -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT
# iptables -A INPUT -s 127.0.0.0/8 -j DROP
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.2.1_Ensure_iptables_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.855+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1509664_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/iptables_input.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/iptables_input.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\iptables_input.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>Missing iptables rule.</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*\S+\s+\S+\s+ACCEPT\s+all\s+--\s+lo\s+\*\s+0\.0\.0\.0\/0\s+0\.0\.0\.0\/0\s*\s*(\s+#.*)?$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/iptables_input.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>Missing iptables rule.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1509665_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/iptables_input.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/iptables_input.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\iptables_input.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>Missing iptables rule.</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*\S+\s+\S+\s+DROP\s+all\s+--\s+\*\s+\*\s+127\.0\.0\.0\/8\s+0\.0\.0\.0\/0\s*\s*(\s+#.*)?$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/iptables_input.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>Missing iptables rule.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1509666_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/iptables_output.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/iptables_output.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\iptables_output.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>Missing iptables rule.</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*\S+\s+\S+\s+ACCEPT\s+all\s+--\s+\*\s+lo\s+0\.0\.0\.0\/0\s+0\.0\.0\.0\/0\s*\s*(\s+#.*)?$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/iptables_output.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>Missing iptables rule.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\deb_no_iptables.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>Status: active</l>
<l>Passed: </l>
<l>iptables-persistent is not installed</l>
<l>UFW is in use on the system</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/deb_no_iptables.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>Status: active</li>
<li>Passed: </li>
<li>iptables-persistent is not installed</li>
<li>UFW is in use on the system</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.4 Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
3.5.3.2.2 Ensure iptables outbound and established connections are configured
Configure the firewall rules for new outbound, and established connections.
Notes:
- Changing firewall settings while connected over network can result in being locked out of the system
- Remediation will only affect the active system firewall, be sure to configure the default policy in your firewall management to apply on boot as well
If rules are not in place for new outbound, and established connections all packets will be dropped by the default policy preventing network usage.
Configure iptables in accordance with site policy. The following commands will implement a policy to allow all outbound connections and all established connections:
# iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
# iptables -A OUTPUT -p udp -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
# iptables -A OUTPUT -p icmp -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
# iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
# iptables -A INPUT -p udp -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
# iptables -A INPUT -p icmp -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.2.2_Ensure_iptables_outbound_and_established_connections_are_configured"
role="unscored"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.855+02:00"
version="1"
weight="0.0">
<xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.4 Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
3.5.3.2.3 Ensure iptables default deny firewall policy
A default deny all policy on connections ensures that any unconfigured network usage will be rejected.
Notes:
- Changing firewall settings while connected over network can result in being locked out of the system
- Remediation will only affect the active system firewall, be sure to configure the default policy in your firewall management to apply on boot as well
With a default accept policy the firewall will accept any packet that is not configured to be denied. It is easier to white list acceptable usage than to black list unacceptable usage.
Run the following commands to implement a default DROP policy:
# iptables -P INPUT DROP
# iptables -P OUTPUT DROP
# iptables -P FORWARD DROP
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.2.3_Ensure_iptables_default_deny_firewall_policy"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.856+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1509660_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/iptables_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/iptables_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\iptables_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out/>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*Chain\s+INPUT\s+\(policy\s+(DROP|REJECT)\)\s*(\s+#.*)?$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/iptables_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No output lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1509661_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/iptables_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/iptables_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\iptables_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out/>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*Chain\s+FORWARD\s+\(policy (DROP|REJECT)\)\s*(\s+#.*)?$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/iptables_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No output lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1509662_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/iptables_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/iptables_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\iptables_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>Missing iptables rule.</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*Chain\s+OUTPUT\s+\(policy (DROP|REJECT)\)\s*(\s+#.*)?$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/iptables_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>Missing iptables rule.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\deb_no_iptables.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>Status: active</l>
<l>Passed: </l>
<l>iptables-persistent is not installed</l>
<l>UFW is in use on the system</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/deb_no_iptables.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>Status: active</li>
<li>Passed: </li>
<li>iptables-persistent is not installed</li>
<li>UFW is in use on the system</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.4 Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
3.5.3.2.4 Ensure iptables firewall rules exist for all open ports
Any ports that have been opened on non-loopback addresses need firewall rules to govern traffic.
Note:
- Changing firewall settings while connected over network can result in being locked out of the system
- Remediation will only affect the active system firewall, be sure to configure the default policy in your firewall management to apply on boot as well
- The remediation command opens up the port to traffic from all sources. Consult iptables documentation and set any restrictions in compliance with site policy
Without a firewall rule configured for open ports default firewall policy will drop all packets to these ports.
For each port identified in the audit which does not have a firewall rule establish a proper rule for accepting inbound connections:
# iptables -A INPUT -p <protocol> --dport <port> -m state --state NEW -j ACCEPT
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.2.4_Ensure_iptables_firewall_rules_exist_for_all_open_ports"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.856+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_iptables_openports_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_iptables_openports_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_iptables_openports_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED: The following open port(s) dont have a firewall rule: "68", "22"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_iptables_openports_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED: The following open port(s) dont have a firewall rule: "68", "22"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\deb_no_iptables.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>Status: active</l>
<l>Passed: </l>
<l>iptables-persistent is not installed</l>
<l>UFW is in use on the system</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/deb_no_iptables.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>Status: active</li>
<li>Passed: </li>
<li>iptables-persistent is not installed</li>
<li>UFW is in use on the system</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.2 Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system. - Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.4 Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
3.5.3.3 Configure IPv6 ip6tables
Ip6tables is used to set up, maintain, and inspect the tables of IPv6 packet filter rules in the Linux kernel. Several different tables may be defined. Each table contains a number of built-in chains and may also contain user-defined chains. Each chain is a list of rules which can match a set of packets. Each rule specifies what to do with a packet that matches. This is called a `target', which may be a jump to a user-defined chain in the same table.
If IPv6 in enabled on the system, the ip6tables should be configured.
Note: This section broadly assumes starting with an empty ip6tables firewall ruleset (established by flushing the rules with ip6tables -F). Remediation steps included only affect the live system, you will also need to configure your default firewall configuration to apply on boot. Configuration of a live systems firewall directly over a remote connection will often result in being locked out. It is advised to have a known good firewall configuration set to run on boot and to configure an entire firewall structure in a script that is then run and tested before saving to boot.
The following script will implement the firewall rules of this section and open port 22(ssh) from anywhere:
#!/bin/bash
# Flush ip6tables rules
ip6tables -F
# Ensure default deny firewall policy
ip6tables -P INPUT DROP
ip6tables -P OUTPUT DROP
ip6tables -P FORWARD DROP
# Ensure loopback traffic is configured
ip6tables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
ip6tables -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT
ip6tables -A INPUT -s ::1 -j DROP
# Ensure outbound and established connections are configured
ip6tables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
ip6tables -A OUTPUT -p udp -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
ip6tables -A OUTPUT -p icmp -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
ip6tables -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
ip6tables -A INPUT -p udp -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
ip6tables -A INPUT -p icmp -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
# Open inbound ssh(tcp port 22) connections
ip6tables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -m state --state NEW -j ACCEPT
3.5.3.3.1 Ensure ip6tables loopback traffic is configured
Configure the loopback interface to accept traffic. Configure all other interfaces to deny traffic to the loopback network (::1).
Note:
- Changing firewall settings while connected over network can result in being locked out of the system
- Remediation will only affect the active system firewall, be sure to configure the default policy in your firewall management to apply on boot as well
Loopback traffic is generated between processes on machine and is typically critical to operation of the system. The loopback interface is the only place that loopback network (::1) traffic should be seen, all other interfaces should ignore traffic on this network as an anti-spoofing measure.
Run the following commands to implement the loopback rules:
# ip6tables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
# ip6tables -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT
# ip6tables -A INPUT -s ::1 -j DROP
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.3.1_Ensure_ip6tables_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.856+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/iptv6_loopback.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/iptv6_loopback.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\iptv6_loopback.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>IPv6 is enabled on the system, but ip6tables loopback is not configured</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/iptv6_loopback.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>IPv6 is enabled on the system, but ip6tables loopback is not configured</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\deb_no_iptables.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>Status: active</l>
<l>Passed: </l>
<l>iptables-persistent is not installed</l>
<l>UFW is in use on the system</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/deb_no_iptables.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>Status: active</li>
<li>Passed: </li>
<li>iptables-persistent is not installed</li>
<li>UFW is in use on the system</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\ipv6_disabled_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>IPv6 is enabled on the system</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>IPv6 is enabled on the system</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.4 Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
3.5.3.3.2 Ensure ip6tables outbound and established connections are configured
Configure the firewall rules for new outbound, and established IPv6 connections.
Note:
- Changing firewall settings while connected over network can result in being locked out of the system
- Remediation will only affect the active system firewall, be sure to configure the default policy in your firewall management to apply on boot as well
If rules are not in place for new outbound, and established connections all packets will be dropped by the default policy preventing network usage.
Configure iptables in accordance with site policy. The following commands will implement a policy to allow all outbound connections and all established connections:
# ip6tables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
# ip6tables -A OUTPUT -p udp -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
# ip6tables -A OUTPUT -p icmp -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
# ip6tables -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
# ip6tables -A INPUT -p udp -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
# ip6tables -A INPUT -p icmp -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.3.2_Ensure_ip6tables_outbound_and_established_connections_are_configured"
role="unscored"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.856+02:00"
version="1"
weight="0.0">
<xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc6:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1/control/9/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"/>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.4 Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
3.5.3.3.3 Ensure ip6tables default deny firewall policy
A default deny all policy on connections ensures that any unconfigured network usage will be rejected.
Note:
- Changing firewall settings while connected over network can result in being locked out of the system
- Remediation will only affect the active system firewall, be sure to configure the default policy in your firewall management to apply on boot as well
With a default accept policy the firewall will accept any packet that is not configured to be denied. It is easier to white list acceptable usage than to black list unacceptable usage.
Run the following commands to implement a default DROP policy:
# ip6tables -P INPUT DROP
# ip6tables -P OUTPUT DROP
# ip6tables -P FORWARD DROP
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.3.3_Ensure_ip6tables_default_deny_firewall_policy"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.857+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1509650_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/ip6tables_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/ip6tables_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\ip6tables_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out/>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*Chain\s+INPUT\s+\(policy (DROP|REJECT)\)\s*(\s+#.*)?$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/ip6tables_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No output lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1509651_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/ip6tables_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/ip6tables_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\ip6tables_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out/>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*Chain\s+FORWARD\s+\(policy (DROP|REJECT)\)\s*(\s+#.*)?$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/ip6tables_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No output lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1509652_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/ip6tables_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/ip6tables_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\ip6tables_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>Missing ip6tables rule.</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*Chain\s+OUTPUT\s+\(policy (DROP|REJECT)\)\s*(\s+#.*)?$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/ip6tables_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>Missing ip6tables rule.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\ipv6_disabled_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>IPv6 is enabled on the system</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>IPv6 is enabled on the system</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\deb_no_iptables.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>Status: active</l>
<l>Passed: </l>
<l>iptables-persistent is not installed</l>
<l>UFW is in use on the system</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/deb_no_iptables.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>Status: active</li>
<li>Passed: </li>
<li>iptables-persistent is not installed</li>
<li>UFW is in use on the system</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.4 Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
3.5.3.3.4 Ensure ip6tables firewall rules exist for all open ports
Any ports that have been opened on non-loopback addresses need firewall rules to govern traffic.
Note:
- Changing firewall settings while connected over network can result in being locked out of the system
- Remediation will only affect the active system firewall, be sure to configure the default policy in your firewall management to apply on boot as well
- The remediation command opens up the port to traffic from all sources. Consult iptables documentation and set any restrictions in compliance with site policy
Without a firewall rule configured for open ports default firewall policy will drop all packets to these ports.
For each port identified in the audit which does not have a firewall rule establish a proper rule for accepting inbound connections:
# ip6tables -A INPUT -p <protocol> --dport <port> -m state --state NEW -j ACCEPT
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.5.3.3.4_Ensure_ip6tables_firewall_rules_exist_for_all_open_ports"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.857+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_ip6tables_openports_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_ip6tables_openports_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_ip6tables_openports_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED: The following open port(s) dont have a firewall rule: "22"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_ip6tables_openports_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED: The following open port(s) dont have a firewall rule: "22"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\ipv6_disabled_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>IPv6 is enabled on the system</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/ipv6_disabled_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>IPv6 is enabled on the system</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\deb_no_iptables.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>Status: active</l>
<l>Passed: </l>
<l>iptables-persistent is not installed</l>
<l>UFW is in use on the system</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/deb_no_iptables.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>Status: active</li>
<li>Passed: </li>
<li>iptables-persistent is not installed</li>
<li>UFW is in use on the system</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.4 Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
4 Logging and Auditing
The items in this section describe how to configure logging, log monitoring, and auditing, using tools included in most distributions.
It is recommended that rsyslog be used for logging (with logwatch providing summarization) and auditd be used for auditing (with aureport providing summarization) to automatically monitor logs for intrusion attempts and other suspicious system behavior.
In addition to the local log files created by the steps in this section, it is also recommended that sites collect copies of their system logs on a secure, centralized log server via an encrypted connection. Not only does centralized logging help sites correlate events that may be occurring on multiple systems, but having a second copy of the system log information may be critical after a system compromise where the attacker has modified the local log files on the affected system(s). If a log correlation system is deployed, configure it to process the logs described in this section.
Because it is often necessary to correlate log information from many different systems (particularly after a security incident) it is recommended that the time be synchronized among systems and devices connected to the local network.
It is important that all logs described in this section be monitored on a regular basis and correlated to determine trends. A seemingly innocuous entry in one log could be more significant when compared to an entry in another log.
Note on log file permissions: There really isn't a "one size fits all" solution to the permissions on log files. Many sites utilize group permissions so that administrators who are in a defined security group, such as "wheel" do not have to elevate privileges to root in order to read log files. Also, if a third party log aggregation tool is used, it may need to have group permissions to read the log files, which is preferable to having it run setuid to root. Therefore, there are two remediation and audit steps for log file permissions. One is for systems that do not have a secured group method implemented that only permits root to read the log files ( root:root 600 ). The other is for sites that do have such a setup and are designated as root:securegrp 640 where securegrp is the defined security group (in some cases wheel ).
4.1 Configure System Accounting (auditd)
System auditing, through auditd , allows system administrators to monitor their systems such that they can detect unauthorized access or modification of data. By default, auditd will audit AppArmor AVC denials, system logins, account modifications, and authentication events. Events will be logged to /var/log/audit/audit.log . The recording of these events will use a modest amount of disk space on a system. If significantly more events are captured, additional on system or off system storage may need to be allocated.
Notes:
- The recommendations in this section implement an audit policy that produces large quantities of logged data
- In some environments it can be challenging to store or process these logs and as such they are marked as Level 2 for both Servers and Workstations
-
Audit rules that have
arch
as a rule parameter:
- On 64 bit systems, you will need two rules, one for 64 bit and one for 32 bit
- On 32 bit systems, only the 32 bit rule is needed
- Several recommendations in this section filter based off of auid>=1000 for unprivileged non-system users. Some systems may have a non-default UID_MIN setting, consult the UID_MIN setting in /etc/login.defs to determine the UID_MIN setting for your system
- The audits in this section look for a key value. The key value may be different for the audit rules on your system. If a different key value, denoted by -k or key= is used on your system, please replace the grep <key_value> with the key value in use on your system
- Once all audit rules have been added to a file or files in the /etc/audit/rules.d/ directory, the auditd service must be re-started, or the system rebooted, for the new rules to be included
4.1.1 Ensure auditing is enabled
The capturing of system events provides system administrators with information to allow them to determine if unauthorized access to their system is occurring.
4.1.1.1 Ensure auditd is installed
auditd is the userspace component to the Linux Auditing System. It's responsible for writing audit records to the disk
The capturing of system events provides system administrators with information to allow them to determine if unauthorized access to their system is occurring.
Run the following command to Install auditd
# apt install auditd audispd-plugins
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.1.1_Ensure_auditd_is_installed"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.858+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455966"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455966">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455966"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'auditd' is installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>auditd</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>amd64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>2ubuntu6</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>2.8.5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1:2.8.5-2ubuntu6</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455968"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455968">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455968"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'audispd-plugins' is installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>audispd-plugins</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>amd64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>2ubuntu6</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>2.8.5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1:2.8.5-2ubuntu6</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack. Subcontrol: 6.2 Label: Activate audit logging Description: Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices. - Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack. Subcontrol: 6.3 Label: Enable Detailed Logging Description: Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements.
4.1.1.2 Ensure auditd service is enabled
Enable and start the auditd daemon to record system events.
The capturing of system events provides system administrators with information to allow them to determine if unauthorized access to their system is occurring.
Run the following command to enable auditd :
# systemctl --now enable auditd
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
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xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.1.2_Ensure_auditd_service_is_enabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.858+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455971"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455971">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455971"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure standard service 'auditd' is enabled</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>auditd</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>enabled</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack. Subcontrol: 6.2 Label: Activate audit logging Description: Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices. - Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack. Subcontrol: 6.3 Label: Enable Detailed Logging Description: Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements.
4.1.1.3 Ensure auditing for processes that start prior to auditd is enabled
Configure grub so that processes that are capable of being audited can be audited even if they start up prior to auditd startup.
Note: This recommendation is designed around the grub bootloader, if LILO or another bootloader is in use in your environment enact equivalent settings. Replace /boot/grub/grub.cfg with the appropriate grub configuration file for your environment.
Audit events need to be captured on processes that start up prior to auditd , so that potential malicious activity cannot go undetected.
Edit /etc/default/grub and add audit=1 to GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX:
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="audit=1"
Run the following command to update the grub2 configuration:
# update-grub
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.1.3_Ensure_auditing_for_processes_that_start_prior_to_auditd_is_enabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.858+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1455974"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_14559741_var"/>
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:14559742"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_14559742_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455974"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455974">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455974"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure /boot/grub/grub.cfg contents Pattern Match audit=1 (string)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/boot/grub/grub.cfg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/boot/grub</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>grub.cfg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^[^#]\s*linux.*$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td> linux /boot/vmlinuz-5.15.0-1029-gcp root=PARTUUID=7117a286-b63e-4344-8549-0ac4f4aed02b ro audit_backlog_limit=8192 console=ttyS0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td> linux /boot/vmlinuz-5.15.0-1029-gcp root=PARTUUID=7117a286-b63e-4344-8549-0ac4f4aed02b ro audit_backlog_limit=8192 console=ttyS0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack. Subcontrol: 6.2 Label: Activate audit logging Description: Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices. - Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack. Subcontrol: 6.3 Label: Enable Detailed Logging Description: Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements.
4.1.1.4 Ensure audit_backlog_limit is sufficient
The backlog limit has a default setting of 64
during boot if audit=1, then the backlog will hold 64 records. If more that 64 records are created during boot, auditd records will be lost and potential malicious activity could go undetected.
Edit /etc/default/grub and add audit_backlog_limit=<BACKLOG SIZE> to GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX:
Example:
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="audit_backlog_limit=8192"
Run the following command to update the grub2 configuration:
# update-grub
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.1.4_Ensure_audit_backlog_limit_is_sufficient"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.859+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1455978"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_14559781_var"/>
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:14559782"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_14559782_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455978"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455978">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455978"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure /boot/grub/grub.cfg contents Pattern Match audit_backlog_limit=\S+ (string)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/boot/grub/grub.cfg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/boot/grub</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>grub.cfg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^[^#]\s*linux.*$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td> linux /boot/vmlinuz-5.15.0-1029-gcp root=PARTUUID=7117a286-b63e-4344-8549-0ac4f4aed02b ro audit_backlog_limit=8192 console=ttyS0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td> linux /boot/vmlinuz-5.15.0-1029-gcp root=PARTUUID=7117a286-b63e-4344-8549-0ac4f4aed02b ro audit_backlog_limit=8192 console=ttyS0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack. Subcontrol: 6.2 Label: Activate audit logging Description: Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices. - Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack. Subcontrol: 6.3 Label: Enable Detailed Logging Description: Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements.
4.1.2 Configure Data Retention
When auditing, it is important to carefully configure the storage requirements for audit logs. By default, auditd will max out the log files at 5MB and retain only 4 copies of them. Older versions will be deleted. It is possible on a system that the 20 MBs of audit logs may fill up the system causing loss of audit data. While the recommendations here provide guidance, check your site policy for audit storage requirements.
4.1.2.1 Ensure audit log storage size is configured
Configure the maximum size of the audit log file. Once the log reaches the maximum size, it will be rotated and a new log file will be started.
Notes:
- The max_log_file parameter is measured in megabytes
- Other methods of log rotation may be appropriate based on site policy. One example is time-based rotation strategies which don't have native support in auditd configurations
- Manual audit of custom configurations should be evaluated for effectiveness and completeness
It is important that an appropriate size is determined for log files so that they do not impact the system and audit data is not lost.
Set the following parameter in /etc/audit/auditd.conf in accordance with site policy:
max_log_file = <MB>
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.2.1_Ensure_audit_log_storage_size_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.859+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455982"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455982">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455982"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/audit/auditd.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*max_log_file\s*=\s*\S+\s*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/audit/auditd.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/audit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>auditd.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\s*max_log_file\s*=\s*\S+\s*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>max_log_file = 8</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>max_log_file = 8</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack. Subcontrol: 6.4 Label: Ensure adequate storage for logs Description: Ensure that all systems that store logs have adequate storage space for the logs generated.
4.1.2.2 Ensure audit logs are not automatically deleted
The max_log_file_action setting determines how to handle the audit log file reaching the max file size. A value of keep_logs will rotate the logs but never delete old logs.
In high security contexts, the benefits of maintaining a long audit history exceed the cost of storing the audit history.
Set the following parameter in /etc/audit/auditd.conf:
max_log_file_action = keep_logs
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.2.2_Ensure_audit_logs_are_not_automatically_deleted"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.859+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455985"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455985">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455985"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/audit/auditd.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*max_log_file_action\s*=\s*keep_logs\s*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/audit/auditd.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/audit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>auditd.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\s*max_log_file_action\s*=\s*keep_logs\s*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>max_log_file_action = keep_logs</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>max_log_file_action = keep_logs</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack. Subcontrol: 6.4 Label: Ensure adequate storage for logs Description: Ensure that all systems that store logs have adequate storage space for the logs generated.
4.1.2.3 Ensure system is disabled when audit logs are full
The auditd daemon can be configured to halt the system when the audit logs are full.
In high security contexts, the risk of detecting unauthorized access or nonrepudiation exceeds the benefit of the system's availability.
Set the following parameters in /etc/audit/auditd.conf:
space_left_action = email
action_mail_acct = root
admin_space_left_action = halt
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.2.3_Ensure_system_is_disabled_when_audit_logs_are_full"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.859+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455989"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455989">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455989"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/audit/auditd.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*space_left_action\s*=\s*email\s*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/audit/auditd.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/audit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>auditd.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\s*space_left_action\s*=\s*email\s*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>space_left_action = email</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>space_left_action = email</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455992"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455992">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455992"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/audit/auditd.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*action_mail_acct\s*=\s*root\s*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/audit/auditd.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/audit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>auditd.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\s*action_mail_acct\s*=\s*root\s*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>action_mail_acct = root</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>action_mail_acct = root</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455994"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1455994">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1455994"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/audit/auditd.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*admin_space_left_action\s*=\s*halt\s*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/audit/auditd.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/audit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>auditd.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\s*admin_space_left_action\s*=\s*halt\s*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>admin_space_left_action = halt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>admin_space_left_action = halt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack. Subcontrol: 6.4 Label: Ensure adequate storage for logs Description: Ensure that all systems that store logs have adequate storage space for the logs generated.
4.1.3 Ensure events that modify date and time information are collected
Capture events where the system date and/or time has been modified. The parameters in this section are set to determine if the adjtimex (tune kernel clock), settimeofday (Set time, using timeval and timezone structures) stime (using seconds since 1/1/1970) or clock_settime (allows for the setting of several internal clocks and timers) system calls have been executed and always write an audit record to the /var/log/audit.log file upon exit, tagging the records with the identifier "time-change"
Note: Reloading the auditd config to set active settings requires the auditd service to be restarted, and may require a system reboot.
Unexpected changes in system date and/or time could be a sign of malicious activity on the system.
For 32 bit systems Edit or create a file in the /etc/audit/rules.d/ directory ending in .rules
Example: vi /etc/audit/rules.d/50-time-change.rules
Add the following lines:
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S adjtimex -S settimeofday -S stime -k time-change
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S clock_settime -k time-change
-w /etc/localtime -p wa -k time-change
For 64 bit systems Edit or create a file in the /etc/audit/rules.d/ directory ending in .rules
Example: vi /etc/audit/rules.d/50-time-change.rules
Add the following lines:
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S adjtimex -S settimeofday -k time-change
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S adjtimex -S settimeofday -S stime -k time-change
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S clock_settime -k time-change
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S clock_settime -k time-change
-w /etc/localtime -p wa -k time-change
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.3_Ensure_events_that_modify_date_and_time_information_are_collected"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.860+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/5"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475291_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>PASSED</l>
<l>audit rule: "-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S adjtimex -S settimeofday -S stime -k time-change"</l>
<l>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-time-change.rules"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-a\s+(always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b32(\s+-S\s+adjtimex|\s+-S\s+settimeofday|\s+-S\s+stime)(?!\2)(\s+-S\s+adjtimex|\s+-S\s+settimeofday|\s+-S\s+stime)(?!(\2|\3))(\s+-S\s+adjtimex|\s+-S\s+settimeofday|\s+-S\s+stime)\s+-k\s+\S+</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>PASSED</li>
<li>audit rule: "-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S adjtimex -S settimeofday -S stime -k time-change"</li>
<li>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-time-change.rules"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475292_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>PASSED</l>
<l>audit rule: "-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S clock_settime -k time-change"</l>
<l>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-time-change.rules"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-a\s+always,exit\s+-F\s+arch=b32\s+-S\s+clock_settime\s+-k\s+\S+</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>PASSED</li>
<li>audit rule: "-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S clock_settime -k time-change"</li>
<li>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-time-change.rules"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475293_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>PASSED</l>
<l>audit rule: "-w /etc/localtime -p wa -k time-change"</l>
<l>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-time-change.rules"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-w\s+\/etc\/localtime\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>PASSED</li>
<li>audit rule: "-w /etc/localtime -p wa -k time-change"</li>
<li>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-time-change.rules"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475299_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED</l>
<l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
<l>^-a\s+(always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b32\s+-S\s+(stime|settimeofday|adjtimex),(?!)(stime|settimeofday|adjtimex),(?!(|))(stime|settimeofday|adjtimex)\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^-a\s+(always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b32\s+-S\s+(stime|settimeofday|adjtimex),(?!\2)(stime|settimeofday|adjtimex),(?!(\2|\3))(stime|settimeofday|adjtimex)\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED</li>
<li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
<li>^-a\s+(always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b32\s+-S\s+(stime|settimeofday|adjtimex),(?!)(stime|settimeofday|adjtimex),(?!(|))(stime|settimeofday|adjtimex)\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475300_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED</l>
<l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
<l>^-a\s+(always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b32\s+-S\s+clock_settime\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^-a\s+(always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b32\s+-S\s+clock_settime\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED</li>
<li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
<li>^-a\s+(always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b32\s+-S\s+clock_settime\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475295_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED</l>
<l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
<l>^-w \/etc\/localtime -p wa -k \S+ *$</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^-w \/etc\/localtime -p wa -k \S+ *$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED</li>
<li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
<li>^-w \/etc\/localtime -p wa -k \S+ *$</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475294_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>PASSED</l>
<l>audit rule: "-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S adjtimex -S settimeofday -k time-change"</l>
<l>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-time-change.rules"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-a\s+always,exit\s+-F arch=b64\s+(-S\s+adjtimex\s+-S\s+settimeofday|-S\s+settimeofday\s+-S\s+adjtimex)\s+-k\s+\S+</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>PASSED</li>
<li>audit rule: "-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S adjtimex -S settimeofday -k time-change"</li>
<li>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-time-change.rules"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475296_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>PASSED</l>
<l>audit rule: "-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S clock_settime -k time-change"</l>
<l>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-time-change.rules"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-a\s+always,exit\s+-F\s+arch=b64\s+-S\s+clock_settime\s+-k\s+\S+</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>PASSED</li>
<li>audit rule: "-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S clock_settime -k time-change"</li>
<li>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-time-change.rules"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475298_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED</l>
<l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
<l>^-a (always,exit|exit,always) -F arch=b64 -S (adjtimex,settimeofday|settimeofday,adjtimex) -F key=\S+ *$</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^-a (always,exit|exit,always) -F arch=b64 -S (adjtimex,settimeofday|settimeofday,adjtimex) -F key=\S+ *$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED</li>
<li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
<li>^-a (always,exit|exit,always) -F arch=b64 -S (adjtimex,settimeofday|settimeofday,adjtimex) -F key=\S+ *$</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475301_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED</l>
<l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
<l>^-a\s+(always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b64\s+-S\s+clock_settime\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^-a\s+(always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b64\s+-S\s+clock_settime\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED</li>
<li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
<li>^-a\s+(always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b64\s+-S\s+clock_settime\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/arch32_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/arch32_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\arch32_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>system is running: x86_64</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/arch32_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>system is running: x86_64</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.5 Label: Implement Automated Configuration Monitoring Systems Description: Utilize a Security Content Automation Protocol (SCAP) compliant configuration monitoring system to verify all security configuration elements, catalog approved exceptions, and alert when unauthorized changes occur.
4.1.4 Ensure events that modify user/group information are collected
Record events affecting the group , passwd (user IDs), shadow and gshadow (passwords) or /etc/security/opasswd (old passwords, based on remember parameter in the PAM configuration) files. The parameters in this section will watch the files to see if they have been opened for write or have had attribute changes (e.g. permissions) and tag them with the identifier "identity" in the audit log file.
Note: Reloading the auditd config to set active settings requires the auditd service to be restarted, and may require a system reboot.
Unexpected changes to these files could be an indication that the system has been compromised and that an unauthorized user is attempting to hide their activities or compromise additional accounts.
Edit or create a file in the /etc/audit/rules.d/ directory ending in .rules :
Example: vi /etc/audit/rules.d/50-identity.rules
Add the following lines:
-w /etc/group -p wa -k identity
-w /etc/passwd -p wa -k identity
-w /etc/gshadow -p wa -k identity
-w /etc/shadow -p wa -k identity
-w /etc/security/opasswd -p wa -k identity
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.4_Ensure_events_that_modify_usergroup_information_are_collected"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.861+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475302_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>PASSED</l>
<l>audit rule: "-w /etc/group -p wa -k identity"</l>
<l>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-identity.rules"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-w\s+\/etc\/group\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>PASSED</li>
<li>audit rule: "-w /etc/group -p wa -k identity"</li>
<li>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-identity.rules"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475303_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>PASSED</l>
<l>audit rule: "-w /etc/passwd -p wa -k identity"</l>
<l>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-identity.rules"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-w\s+\/etc\/passwd\/?\s+-p wa\s+-k\s+\S+</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>PASSED</li>
<li>audit rule: "-w /etc/passwd -p wa -k identity"</li>
<li>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-identity.rules"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475304_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>PASSED</l>
<l>audit rule: "-w /etc/gshadow -p wa -k identity"</l>
<l>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-identity.rules"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-w\s+\/etc\/gshadow\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>PASSED</li>
<li>audit rule: "-w /etc/gshadow -p wa -k identity"</li>
<li>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-identity.rules"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475305_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>PASSED</l>
<l>audit rule: "-w /etc/shadow -p wa -k identity"</l>
<l>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-identity.rules"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-w\s+\/etc\/shadow\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>PASSED</li>
<li>audit rule: "-w /etc/shadow -p wa -k identity"</li>
<li>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-identity.rules"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475306_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>PASSED</l>
<l>audit rule: "-w /etc/security/opasswd -p wa -k identity"</l>
<l>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-identity.rules"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-w\s+\/etc\/security\/opasswd\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>PASSED</li>
<li>audit rule: "-w /etc/security/opasswd -p wa -k identity"</li>
<li>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-identity.rules"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475307_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED</l>
<l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
<l>^-w\s+\/etc\/security\/opasswd\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+ *$</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^-w\s+\/etc\/security\/opasswd\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+ *$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED</li>
<li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
<li>^-w\s+\/etc\/security\/opasswd\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+ *$</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475308_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED</l>
<l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
<l>^-w\s+\/etc\/group\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+ *$</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^-w\s+\/etc\/group\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+ *$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED</li>
<li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
<li>^-w\s+\/etc\/group\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+ *$</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475309_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED</l>
<l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
<l>^-w \/etc\/passwd -p wa -k \S+ *$</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^-w \/etc\/passwd -p wa -k \S+ *$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED</li>
<li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
<li>^-w \/etc\/passwd -p wa -k \S+ *$</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475310_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED</l>
<l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
<l>^-w \/etc\/gshadow -p wa -k \S+ *$</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^-w \/etc\/gshadow -p wa -k \S+ *$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED</li>
<li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
<li>^-w \/etc\/gshadow -p wa -k \S+ *$</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475311_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED</l>
<l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
<l>^-w \/etc\/shadow -p wa -k \S+ *$</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^-w \/etc\/shadow -p wa -k \S+ *$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED</li>
<li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
<li>^-w \/etc\/shadow -p wa -k \S+ *$</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment, and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. Subcontrol: 4.8 Label: Log and Alert on Changes to Administrative Group Membership Description: Configure systems to issue a log entry and alert when an account is added to or removed from any group assigned administrative privileges.
4.1.5 Ensure events that modify the system's network environment are collected
Record changes to network environment files or system calls. The below parameters monitor the sethostname (set the systems host name) or setdomainname (set the systems domainname) system calls, and write an audit event on system call exit. The other parameters monitor the /etc/issue and /etc/issue.net files (messages displayed pre-login), /etc/hosts (file containing host names and associated IP addresses) and /etc/network (directory containing network interface scripts and configurations) files.
Note: Reloading the auditd config to set active settings requires the auditd service to be restarted, and may require a system reboot.
Monitoring sethostname and setdomainname will identify potential unauthorized changes to host and domainname of a system. The changing of these names could potentially break security parameters that are set based on those names. The /etc/hosts file is monitored for changes in the file that can indicate an unauthorized intruder is trying to change machine associations with IP addresses and trick users and processes into connecting to unintended machines. Monitoring /etc/issue and /etc/issue.net is important, as intruders could put disinformation into those files and trick users into providing information to the intruder. Monitoring /etc/network is important as it can show if network interfaces or scripts are being modified in a way that can lead to the machine becoming unavailable or compromised. All audit records will be tagged with the identifier "system-locale."
For 32 bit systems Edit or create a file in the /etc/audit/rules.d/ directory ending in .rules
Example: vi /etc/audit/rules.d/50-system-locale.rules
Add the following lines:
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S sethostname -S setdomainname -k system-locale
-w /etc/issue -p wa -k system-locale
-w /etc/issue.net -p wa -k system-locale
-w /etc/hosts -p wa -k system-locale
-w /etc/network -p wa -k system-locale
For 64 bit systems Edit or create a file in the /etc/audit/rules.d/ directory ending in .rules
Example: vi /etc/audit/rules.d/50-system-locale.rules
Add the following lines:
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S sethostname -S setdomainname -k system-locale
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S sethostname -S setdomainname -k system-locale
-w /etc/issue -p wa -k system-locale
-w /etc/issue.net -p wa -k system-locale
-w /etc/hosts -p wa -k system-locale
-w /etc/network -p wa -k system-locale
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.5_Ensure_events_that_modify_the_systems_network_environment_are_collected"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.863+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/5"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475312_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED</l>
<l>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</l>
<l>^\s*-a\s+(always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b32\s+(-S\s+sethostname\s+-S\s+setdomainname|-S\s+setdomainname\s+-S\s+sethostname)\s+-k\s+\S+ </l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-a\s+(always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b32\s+(-S\s+sethostname\s+-S\s+setdomainname|-S\s+setdomainname\s+-S\s+sethostname)\s+-k\s+\S+</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED</li>
<li>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</li>
<li>^\s*-a\s+(always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b32\s+(-S\s+sethostname\s+-S\s+setdomainname|-S\s+setdomainname\s+-S\s+sethostname)\s+-k\s+\S+ </li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475313_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED</l>
<l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
<l>^-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S (sethostname,setdomainname|setdomainname,sethostname) -F key=\S+ *$</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S (sethostname,setdomainname|setdomainname,sethostname) -F key=\S+ *$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED</li>
<li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
<li>^-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S (sethostname,setdomainname|setdomainname,sethostname) -F key=\S+ *$</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475314_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>PASSED</l>
<l>audit rule: "-w /etc/issue -p wa -k system-locale"</l>
<l>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-system-locale.rules"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-w\s+\/etc\/issue\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>PASSED</li>
<li>audit rule: "-w /etc/issue -p wa -k system-locale"</li>
<li>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-system-locale.rules"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475315_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED</l>
<l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
<l>^-w\s+\/etc\/issue\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+ *$</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^-w\s+\/etc\/issue\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+ *$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED</li>
<li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
<li>^-w\s+\/etc\/issue\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+ *$</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475316_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>PASSED</l>
<l>audit rule: "-w /etc/issue.net -p wa -k system-locale"</l>
<l>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-system-locale.rules"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-w\s+\/etc\/issue\.net\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>PASSED</li>
<li>audit rule: "-w /etc/issue.net -p wa -k system-locale"</li>
<li>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-system-locale.rules"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475317_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED</l>
<l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
<l>^-w\s+\/etc\/issue\.net\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+ *$</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^-w\s+\/etc\/issue\.net\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+ *$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED</li>
<li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
<li>^-w\s+\/etc\/issue\.net\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+ *$</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475318_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>PASSED</l>
<l>audit rule: "-w /etc/hosts -p wa -k system-locale"</l>
<l>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-system-locale.rules"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-w\s+\/etc\/hosts\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>PASSED</li>
<li>audit rule: "-w /etc/hosts -p wa -k system-locale"</li>
<li>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-system-locale.rules"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475319_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED</l>
<l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
<l>^-w\s+\/etc\/hosts\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+ *$</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^-w\s+\/etc\/hosts\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+ *$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED</li>
<li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
<li>^-w\s+\/etc\/hosts\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+ *$</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475320_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>PASSED</l>
<l>audit rule: "-w /etc/network -p wa -k system-locale"</l>
<l>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-system-locale.rules"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-w\s+\/etc/network\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>PASSED</li>
<li>audit rule: "-w /etc/network -p wa -k system-locale"</li>
<li>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-system-locale.rules"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475321_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED</l>
<l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
<l>^-w\s+\/etc\/network\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+ *$</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^-w\s+\/etc\/network\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+ *$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED</li>
<li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
<li>^-w\s+\/etc\/network\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+ *$</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475322_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>PASSED</l>
<l>audit rule: "-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S sethostname -S setdomainname -k system-locale -a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S sethostname -S setdomainname -k system-locale"</l>
<l>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-system-locale.rules"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-a\s+(always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b64\s+(-S\s+sethostname\s+-S\s+setdomainname|-S\s+setdomainname\s+-S\s+sethostname)\s+-k\s+\S+</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>PASSED</li>
<li>audit rule: "-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S sethostname -S setdomainname -k system-locale -a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S sethostname -S setdomainname -k system-locale"</li>
<li>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-system-locale.rules"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475323_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED</l>
<l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
<l>^\s*-a\s+(always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b64\s+-S\s+(sethostname,setdomainname|setdomainname,sethostname)\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-a\s+(always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b64\s+-S\s+(sethostname,setdomainname|setdomainname,sethostname)\s+-F\s+key=\S+\b *$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED</li>
<li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
<li>^\s*-a\s+(always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b64\s+-S\s+(sethostname,setdomainname|setdomainname,sethostname)\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/arch32_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/arch32_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\arch32_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>system is running: x86_64</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/arch32_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>system is running: x86_64</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.5 Label: Implement Automated Configuration Monitoring Systems Description: Utilize a Security Content Automation Protocol (SCAP) compliant configuration monitoring system to verify all security configuration elements, catalog approved exceptions, and alert when unauthorized changes occur.
4.1.6 Ensure events that modify the system's Mandatory Access Controls are collected
Monitor AppArmor mandatory access controls. The parameters below monitor any write access (potential additional, deletion or modification of files in the directory) or attribute changes to /etc/apparmor and /etc/apparmor.d directories.
Note: Reloading the auditd config to set active settings requires the auditd service to be restarted, and may require a system reboot.
Changes to files in these directories could indicate that an unauthorized user is attempting to modify access controls and change security contexts, leading to a compromise of the system.
Edit or create a file in the /etc/audit/rules.d/ directory ending in .rules
Example: vi /etc/audit/rules.d/50-MAC-policy.rules
Add the following lines:
-w /etc/apparmor/ -p wa -k MAC-policy
-w /etc/apparmor.d/ -p wa -k MAC-policy
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.6_Ensure_events_that_modify_the_systems_Mandatory_Access_Controls_are_collected"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.863+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/5"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475325_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>PASSED</l>
<l>audit rule: "-w /etc/apparmor/ -p wa -k MAC-policy"</l>
<l>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-MAC-policy.rules"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-w\s+\/etc\/apparmor\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>PASSED</li>
<li>audit rule: "-w /etc/apparmor/ -p wa -k MAC-policy"</li>
<li>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-MAC-policy.rules"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475326_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>PASSED</l>
<l>audit rule: "-w /etc/apparmor.d/ -p wa -k MAC-policy"</l>
<l>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-MAC-policy.rules"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-w\s+\/etc\/apparmor\.d\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>PASSED</li>
<li>audit rule: "-w /etc/apparmor.d/ -p wa -k MAC-policy"</li>
<li>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-MAC-policy.rules"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475327_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED</l>
<l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
<l>^-w\s+\/etc\/apparmor\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^-w\s+\/etc\/apparmor\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED</li>
<li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
<li>^-w\s+\/etc\/apparmor\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475328_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED</l>
<l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
<l>^-w\s+\/etc\/apparmor\.d\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^-w\s+\/etc\/apparmor\.d\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED</li>
<li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
<li>^-w\s+\/etc\/apparmor\.d\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.5 Label: Implement Automated Configuration Monitoring Systems Description: Utilize a Security Content Automation Protocol (SCAP) compliant configuration monitoring system to verify all security configuration elements, catalog approved exceptions, and alert when unauthorized changes occur.
4.1.7 Ensure login and logout events are collected
Monitor login and logout events. The parameters below track changes to files associated with login/logout events. The file /var/log/faillog tracks failed events from login. The file /var/log/lastlog maintain records of the last time a user successfully logged in. The file /var/log/tallylog maintains records of failures via the pam_tally2 module
Note: Reloading the auditd config to set active settings requires the auditd service to be restarted, and may require a system reboot.
Monitoring login/logout events could provide a system administrator with information associated with brute force attacks against user logins.
Edit or create a file in the /etc/audit/rules.d/ directory ending in .rules :
Example: vi /etc/audit/rules.d/50-logins.rules
Add the following lines:
-w /var/log/faillog -p wa -k logins
-w /var/log/lastlog -p wa -k logins
-w /var/log/tallylog -p wa -k logins
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.7_Ensure_login_and_logout_events_are_collected"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.864+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/9"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/11"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/13"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475329_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>PASSED</l>
<l>audit rule: "-w /var/log/faillog -p wa -k logins"</l>
<l>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-logins.rules"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-w\s+\/var\/log\/faillog\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>PASSED</li>
<li>audit rule: "-w /var/log/faillog -p wa -k logins"</li>
<li>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-logins.rules"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475330_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>PASSED</l>
<l>audit rule: "-w /var/log/lastlog -p wa -k logins"</l>
<l>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-logins.rules"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-w\s+\/var\/log\/lastlog\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>PASSED</li>
<li>audit rule: "-w /var/log/lastlog -p wa -k logins"</li>
<li>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-logins.rules"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475331_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>PASSED</l>
<l>audit rule: "-w /var/log/tallylog -p wa -k logins"</l>
<l>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-logins.rules"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-w\s+\/var\/log\/tallylog\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>PASSED</li>
<li>audit rule: "-w /var/log/tallylog -p wa -k logins"</li>
<li>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-logins.rules"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475332_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED</l>
<l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
<l>^\s*-w\s+\/var\/log\/faillog\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-w\s+\/var\/log\/faillog\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED</li>
<li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
<li>^\s*-w\s+\/var\/log\/faillog\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475333_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED</l>
<l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
<l>^\s*-w\s+\/var\/log\/tallylog\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-w\s+\/var\/log\/tallylog\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED</li>
<li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
<li>^\s*-w\s+\/var\/log\/tallylog\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475334_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED</l>
<l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
<l>^\s*-w\s+\/var\/log\/lastlog\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-w\s+\/var\/log\/lastlog\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED</li>
<li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
<li>^\s*-w\s+\/var\/log\/lastlog\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment, and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. Subcontrol: 4.9 Label: Log and Alert on Unsuccessful Administrative Account Login Description: Configure systems to issue a log entry and alert on unsuccessful logins to an administrative account. - Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation, use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage them. Subcontrol: 16.11 Label: Lock Workstation Sessions After Inactivity Description: Automatically lock workstation sessions after a standard period of inactivity. - Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation, use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage them. Subcontrol: 16.13 Label: Alert on Account Login Behavior Deviation Description: Alert when users deviate from normal login behavior, such as time-of-day, workstation location and duration.
4.1.8 Ensure session initiation information is collected
Monitor session initiation events. The parameters in this section track changes to the files associated with session events. The file /var/run/utmp tracks all currently logged in users. All audit records will be tagged with the identifier "session." The /var/log/wtmp file tracks logins, logouts, shutdown, and reboot events. The file /var/log/btmp keeps track of failed login attempts and can be read by entering the command /usr/bin/last -f /var/log/btmp . All audit records will be tagged with the identifier "logins."
Note:
- The last command can be used to read /var/log/wtmp ( last with no parameters) and /var/run/utmp ( last -f /var/run/utmp )
- Reloading the auditd config to set active settings requires the auditd service to be restarted, and may require a system reboot.
Monitoring these files for changes could alert a system administrator to logins occurring at unusual hours, which could indicate intruder activity (i.e. a user logging in at a time when they do not normally log in).
Edit or create a file in the /etc/audit/rules.d/ directory ending in .rules :
Example: vi /etc/audit/rules.d/50-session.rules
Add the following lines:
-w /var/run/utmp -p wa -k session
-w /var/log/wtmp -p wa -k logins
-w /var/log/btmp -p wa -k logins
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.8_Ensure_session_initiation_information_is_collected"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.864+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/9"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/11"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/13"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475335_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>PASSED</l>
<l>audit rule: "-w /var/run/utmp -p wa -k session"</l>
<l>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-session.rules"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-w\s+\/var\/run\/utmp\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>PASSED</li>
<li>audit rule: "-w /var/run/utmp -p wa -k session"</li>
<li>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-session.rules"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475336_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>PASSED</l>
<l>audit rule: "-w /var/log/wtmp -p wa -k logins"</l>
<l>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-session.rules"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-w\s+\/var\/log\/wtmp\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>PASSED</li>
<li>audit rule: "-w /var/log/wtmp -p wa -k logins"</li>
<li>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-session.rules"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475337_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>PASSED</l>
<l>audit rule: "-w /var/log/btmp -p wa -k logins"</l>
<l>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-session.rules"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-w\s+\/var\/log\/btmp\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>PASSED</li>
<li>audit rule: "-w /var/log/btmp -p wa -k logins"</li>
<li>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-session.rules"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475338_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED</l>
<l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
<l>^\s*-w\s+\/var\/log\/btmp\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-w\s+\/var\/log\/btmp\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED</li>
<li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
<li>^\s*-w\s+\/var\/log\/btmp\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475339_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED</l>
<l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
<l>^\s*-w\s+\/var\/run\/utmp\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-w\s+\/var\/run\/utmp\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED</li>
<li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
<li>^\s*-w\s+\/var\/run\/utmp\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475340_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED</l>
<l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
<l>^\s*-w\s+\/var\/log\/wtmp\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-w\s+\/var\/log\/wtmp\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED</li>
<li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
<li>^\s*-w\s+\/var\/log\/wtmp\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment, and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. Subcontrol: 4.9 Label: Log and Alert on Unsuccessful Administrative Account Login Description: Configure systems to issue a log entry and alert on unsuccessful logins to an administrative account. - Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation, use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage them. Subcontrol: 16.11 Label: Lock Workstation Sessions After Inactivity Description: Automatically lock workstation sessions after a standard period of inactivity. - Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation, use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage them. Subcontrol: 16.13 Label: Alert on Account Login Behavior Deviation Description: Alert when users deviate from normal login behavior, such as time-of-day, workstation location and duration.
4.1.9 Ensure discretionary access control permission modification events are collected
Monitor changes to file permissions, attributes, ownership and group. The parameters in this section track changes for system calls that affect file permissions and attributes. The chmod , fchmod and fchmodat system calls affect the permissions associated with a file. The chown , fchown , fchownat and lchown system calls affect owner and group attributes on a file. The setxattr , lsetxattr , fsetxattr (set extended file attributes) and removexattr , lremovexattr , fremovexattr (remove extended file attributes) control extended file attributes. In all cases, an audit record will only be written for non-system user ids (auid >= 1000) and will ignore Daemon events (auid = 4294967295). All audit records will be tagged with the identifier "perm_mod."
Note: Reloading the auditd config to set active settings requires the auditd service to be restarted, and may require a system reboot.
Monitoring for changes in file attributes could alert a system administrator to activity that could indicate intruder activity or policy violation.
For 32 bit systems Edit or create a file in the /etc/audit/rules.d/ directory ending in .rules :
Example: vi /etc/audit/rules.d/50-perm_mod.rules
Add the following lines:
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S chmod -S fchmod -S fchmodat -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295
-k perm_mod
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S chown -S fchown -S fchownat -S lchown -F auid>=1000
-F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S setxattr -S lsetxattr -S fsetxattr -S removexattr -S
lremovexattr -S fremovexattr -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod
For 64 bit systems Edit or create a file in the /etc/audit/rules.d/ directory ending in .rules
Example: vi /etc/audit/rules.d/50-perm_mod.rules
Add the following lines:
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S chmod -S fchmod -S fchmodat -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295
-k perm_mod
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S chmod -S fchmod -S fchmodat -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295
-k perm_mod
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S chown -S fchown -S fchownat -S lchown -F auid>=1000
-F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S chown -S fchown -S fchownat -S lchown -F auid>=1000
-F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S setxattr -S lsetxattr -S fsetxattr -S removexattr -S
lremovexattr -S fremovexattr -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S setxattr -S lsetxattr -S fsetxattr -S removexattr -S
lremovexattr -S fremovexattr -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.9_Ensure_discretionary_access_control_permission_modification_events_are_collected"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.865+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/5"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475341_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>PASSED</l>
<l>audit rule: "-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S chmod -S fchmod -S fchmodat -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod"</l>
<l>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-perm_mod.rules"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b32\s+(?!(?:\2|\3))(-S\s+chmod\s+|-S\s+fchmod\s+|-S\s+fchmodat\s+)(?!(?:\1|\3))(-S\s+chmod\s+|-S\s+fchmod\s+|-S\s+fchmodat\s+)(?!(?:\1|\2))(-S\s+chmod\s+|-S\s+fchmod\s+|-S\s+fchmodat\s+)-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=4294967295\s+-k\s+\S+ *$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>PASSED</li>
<li>audit rule: "-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S chmod -S fchmod -S fchmodat -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod"</li>
<li>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-perm_mod.rules"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475342_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>PASSED</l>
<l>audit rule: "-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S chown -S fchown -S fchownat -S lchown -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod"</l>
<l>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-perm_mod.rules"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b32\s+(?!(?:\2|\3|\4))(-S\s+chown\s+|-S\s+fchown\s+|-S\s+fchownat\s+|-S\s+lchown\s+)(?!(?:\1|\3|\4))(-S\s+chown\s+|-S\s+fchown\s+|-S\s+fchownat\s+|-S\s+lchown\s+)(?!(?:\1|\2|\4))(-S\s+chown\s+|-S\s+fchown\s+|-S\s+fchownat\s+|-S\s+lchown\s+)(?!(?:\1|\2|\3))(-S\s+chown\s+|-S\s+fchown\s+|-S\s+fchownat\s+|-S\s+lchown\s+)-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=4294967295\s+-k\s+\S+ *$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>PASSED</li>
<li>audit rule: "-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S chown -S fchown -S fchownat -S lchown -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod"</li>
<li>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-perm_mod.rules"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475343_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>PASSED</l>
<l>audit rule: "-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S setxattr -S lsetxattr -S fsetxattr -S removexattr -S lremovexattr -S fremovexattr -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod"</l>
<l>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-perm_mod.rules"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b32\s+(?!(?:\2|\3|\4|\5|\6))(-S\s+setxattr\s+|-S\s+lsetxattr\s+|-S\s+fsetxattr\s+|-S\s+removexattr\s+|-S\s+lremovexattr\s+|-S\s+fremovexattr\s+)(?!(?:\1|\3|\4|\5|\6))(-S\s+setxattr\s+|-S\s+lsetxattr\s+|-S\s+fsetxattr\s+|-S\s+removexattr\s+|-S\s+lremovexattr\s+|-S\s+fremovexattr\s+)(?!(?:\1|\2|\4|\5|\6))(-S\s+setxattr\s+|-S\s+lsetxattr\s+|-S\s+fsetxattr\s+|-S\s+removexattr\s+|-S\s+lremovexattr\s+|-S\s+fremovexattr\s+)(?!(?:\1|\2|\3|\5|\6))(-S\s+setxattr\s+|-S\s+lsetxattr\s+|-S\s+fsetxattr\s+|-S\s+removexattr\s+|-S\s+lremovexattr\s+|-S\s+fremovexattr\s+)(?!(?:\1|\2|\3|\4|\6))(-S\s+setxattr\s+|-S\s+lsetxattr\s+|-S\s+fsetxattr\s+|-S\s+removexattr\s+|-S\s+lremovexattr\s+|-S\s+fremovexattr\s+)(?!(?:\1|\2|\3|\4|\5))(-S\s+setxattr\s+|-S\s+lsetxattr\s+|-S\s+fsetxattr\s+|-S\s+removexattr\s+|-S\s+lremovexattr\s+|-S\s+fremovexattr\s+)-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=4294967295\s+-k\s+\S+ *$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>PASSED</li>
<li>audit rule: "-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S setxattr -S lsetxattr -S fsetxattr -S removexattr -S lremovexattr -S fremovexattr -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod"</li>
<li>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-perm_mod.rules"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475345_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED</l>
<l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
<l>^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b32\s+-S\s+(?!(?:||||))(setxattr[,\s]|lsetxattr[,\s]|fsetxattr[,\s]|removexattr[,\s]|lremovexattr[,\s]|fremovexattr[,\s])(?!(?:||||))(setxattr[,\s]|lsetxattr[,\s]|fsetxattr[,\s]|removexattr[,\s]|lremovexattr[,\s]|fremovexattr[,\s])(?!(?:||||))(setxattr[,\s]|lsetxattr[,\s]|fsetxattr[,\s]|removexattr[,\s]|lremovexattr[,\s]|fremovexattr[,\s])(?!(?:||||))(setxattr[,\s]|lsetxattr[,\s]|fsetxattr[,\s]|removexattr[,\s]|lremovexattr[,\s]|fremovexattr[,\s])(?!(?:||||))(setxattr[,\s]|lsetxattr[,\s]|fsetxattr[,\s]|removexattr[,\s]|lremovexattr[,\s]|fremovexattr[,\s])(?!(?:||||))(setxattr[,\s]|lsetxattr[,\s]|fsetxattr[,\s]|removexattr[,\s]|lremovexattr[,\s]|fremovexattr[,\s])-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=-1\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b32\s+-S\s+(?!(?:\2|\3|\4|\5|\6))(setxattr[,\s]|lsetxattr[,\s]|fsetxattr[,\s]|removexattr[,\s]|lremovexattr[,\s]|fremovexattr[,\s])(?!(?:\1|\3|\4|\5|\6))(setxattr[,\s]|lsetxattr[,\s]|fsetxattr[,\s]|removexattr[,\s]|lremovexattr[,\s]|fremovexattr[,\s])(?!(?:\1|\2|\4|\5|\6))(setxattr[,\s]|lsetxattr[,\s]|fsetxattr[,\s]|removexattr[,\s]|lremovexattr[,\s]|fremovexattr[,\s])(?!(?:\1|\2|\3|\5|\6))(setxattr[,\s]|lsetxattr[,\s]|fsetxattr[,\s]|removexattr[,\s]|lremovexattr[,\s]|fremovexattr[,\s])(?!(?:\1|\2|\3|\4|\6))(setxattr[,\s]|lsetxattr[,\s]|fsetxattr[,\s]|removexattr[,\s]|lremovexattr[,\s]|fremovexattr[,\s])(?!(?:\1|\2|\3|\4|\5))(setxattr[,\s]|lsetxattr[,\s]|fsetxattr[,\s]|removexattr[,\s]|lremovexattr[,\s]|fremovexattr[,\s])-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=-1\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED</li>
<li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
<li>^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b32\s+-S\s+(?!(?:||||))(setxattr[,\s]|lsetxattr[,\s]|fsetxattr[,\s]|removexattr[,\s]|lremovexattr[,\s]|fremovexattr[,\s])(?!(?:||||))(setxattr[,\s]|lsetxattr[,\s]|fsetxattr[,\s]|removexattr[,\s]|lremovexattr[,\s]|fremovexattr[,\s])(?!(?:||||))(setxattr[,\s]|lsetxattr[,\s]|fsetxattr[,\s]|removexattr[,\s]|lremovexattr[,\s]|fremovexattr[,\s])(?!(?:||||))(setxattr[,\s]|lsetxattr[,\s]|fsetxattr[,\s]|removexattr[,\s]|lremovexattr[,\s]|fremovexattr[,\s])(?!(?:||||))(setxattr[,\s]|lsetxattr[,\s]|fsetxattr[,\s]|removexattr[,\s]|lremovexattr[,\s]|fremovexattr[,\s])(?!(?:||||))(setxattr[,\s]|lsetxattr[,\s]|fsetxattr[,\s]|removexattr[,\s]|lremovexattr[,\s]|fremovexattr[,\s])-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=-1\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475350_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED</l>
<l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
<l>^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b32\s+-S\s+(?!(?:|))(chmod[,\s]|fchmod[,\s]|fchmodat[,\s])(?!(?:|))(chmod[,\s]|fchmod[,\s]|fchmodat[,\s])(?!(?:|))(chmod[,\s]|fchmod[,\s]|fchmodat[,\s])-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=-1\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b32\s+-S\s+(?!(?:\2|\3))(chmod[,\s]|fchmod[,\s]|fchmodat[,\s])(?!(?:\1|\3))(chmod[,\s]|fchmod[,\s]|fchmodat[,\s])(?!(?:\1|\2))(chmod[,\s]|fchmod[,\s]|fchmodat[,\s])-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=-1\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED</li>
<li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
<li>^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b32\s+-S\s+(?!(?:|))(chmod[,\s]|fchmod[,\s]|fchmodat[,\s])(?!(?:|))(chmod[,\s]|fchmod[,\s]|fchmodat[,\s])(?!(?:|))(chmod[,\s]|fchmod[,\s]|fchmodat[,\s])-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=-1\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475351_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED</l>
<l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
<l>^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b32\s+-S\s+(?!(?:||))(lchown[,\s]|fchown[,\s]|chown[,\s]|fchownat[,\s])(?!(?:||))(lchown[,\s]|fchown[,\s]|chown[,\s]|fchownat[,\s])(?!(?:||))(lchown[,\s]|fchown[,\s]|chown[,\s]|fchownat[,\s])(?!(?:||))(lchown[,\s]|fchown[,\s]|chown[,\s]|fchownat[,\s])-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=-1\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b32\s+-S\s+(?!(?:\2|\3|\4))(lchown[,\s]|fchown[,\s]|chown[,\s]|fchownat[,\s])(?!(?:\1|\3|\4))(lchown[,\s]|fchown[,\s]|chown[,\s]|fchownat[,\s])(?!(?:\1|\2|\4))(lchown[,\s]|fchown[,\s]|chown[,\s]|fchownat[,\s])(?!(?:\1|\2|\3))(lchown[,\s]|fchown[,\s]|chown[,\s]|fchownat[,\s])-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=-1\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED</li>
<li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
<li>^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b32\s+-S\s+(?!(?:||))(lchown[,\s]|fchown[,\s]|chown[,\s]|fchownat[,\s])(?!(?:||))(lchown[,\s]|fchown[,\s]|chown[,\s]|fchownat[,\s])(?!(?:||))(lchown[,\s]|fchown[,\s]|chown[,\s]|fchownat[,\s])(?!(?:||))(lchown[,\s]|fchown[,\s]|chown[,\s]|fchownat[,\s])-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=-1\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475344_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>PASSED</l>
<l>audit rule: "-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S chmod -S fchmod -S fchmodat -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod"</l>
<l>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-perm_mod.rules"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b64\s+(?!(?:\2|\3))(-S\s+chmod\s+|-S\s+fchmod\s+|-S\s+fchmodat\s+)(?!(?:\1|\3))(-S\s+chmod\s+|-S\s+fchmod\s+|-S\s+fchmodat\s+)(?!(?:\1|\2))(-S\s+chmod\s+|-S\s+fchmod\s+|-S\s+fchmodat\s+)-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=4294967295\s+-k\s+\S+ *$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>PASSED</li>
<li>audit rule: "-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S chmod -S fchmod -S fchmodat -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod"</li>
<li>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-perm_mod.rules"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475346_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>PASSED</l>
<l>audit rule: "-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S chown -S fchown -S fchownat -S lchown -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod"</l>
<l>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-perm_mod.rules"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b64\s+(?!(?:\2|\3|\4))(-S\s+chown\s+|-S\s+fchown\s+|-S\s+fchownat\s+|-S\s+lchown\s+)(?!(?:\1|\3|\4))(-S\s+chown\s+|-S\s+fchown\s+|-S\s+fchownat\s+|-S\s+lchown\s+)(?!(?:\1|\2|\4))(-S\s+chown\s+|-S\s+fchown\s+|-S\s+fchownat\s+|-S\s+lchown\s+)(?!(?:\1|\2|\3))(-S\s+chown\s+|-S\s+fchown\s+|-S\s+fchownat\s+|-S\s+lchown\s+)-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=4294967295\s+-k\s+\S+ *$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>PASSED</li>
<li>audit rule: "-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S chown -S fchown -S fchownat -S lchown -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod"</li>
<li>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-perm_mod.rules"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475347_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>PASSED</l>
<l>audit rule: "-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S setxattr -S lsetxattr -S fsetxattr -S removexattr -S lremovexattr -S fremovexattr -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod"</l>
<l>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-perm_mod.rules"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b64\s+(?!(?:\2|\3|\4|\5|\6))(-S\s+setxattr\s+|-S\s+lsetxattr\s+|-S\s+fsetxattr\s+|-S\s+removexattr\s+|-S\s+lremovexattr\s+|-S\s+fremovexattr\s+)(?!(?:\1|\3|\4|\5|\6))(-S\s+setxattr\s+|-S\s+lsetxattr\s+|-S\s+fsetxattr\s+|-S\s+removexattr\s+|-S\s+lremovexattr\s+|-S\s+fremovexattr\s+)(?!(?:\1|\2|\4|\5|\6))(-S\s+setxattr\s+|-S\s+lsetxattr\s+|-S\s+fsetxattr\s+|-S\s+removexattr\s+|-S\s+lremovexattr\s+|-S\s+fremovexattr\s+)(?!(?:\1|\2|\3|\5|\6))(-S\s+setxattr\s+|-S\s+lsetxattr\s+|-S\s+fsetxattr\s+|-S\s+removexattr\s+|-S\s+lremovexattr\s+|-S\s+fremovexattr\s+)(?!(?:\1|\2|\3|\4|\6))(-S\s+setxattr\s+|-S\s+lsetxattr\s+|-S\s+fsetxattr\s+|-S\s+removexattr\s+|-S\s+lremovexattr\s+|-S\s+fremovexattr\s+)(?!(?:\1|\2|\3|\4|\5))(-S\s+setxattr\s+|-S\s+lsetxattr\s+|-S\s+fsetxattr\s+|-S\s+removexattr\s+|-S\s+lremovexattr\s+|-S\s+fremovexattr\s+)-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=4294967295\s+-k\s+\S+ *$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>PASSED</li>
<li>audit rule: "-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S setxattr -S lsetxattr -S fsetxattr -S removexattr -S lremovexattr -S fremovexattr -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod"</li>
<li>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-perm_mod.rules"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475349_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED</l>
<l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
<l>^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b64\s+-S\s+(?!(?:||))(chown[,\s]|fchown[,\s]|lchown[,\s]|fchownat[,\s])(?!(?:||))(chown[,\s]|fchown[,\s]|lchown[,\s]|fchownat[,\s])(?!(?:||))(chown[,\s]|fchown[,\s]|lchown[,\s]|fchownat[,\s])(?!(?:||))(chown[,\s]|fchown[,\s]|lchown[,\s]|fchownat[,\s])-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=-1\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b64\s+-S\s+(?!(?:\2|\3|\4))(chown[,\s]|fchown[,\s]|lchown[,\s]|fchownat[,\s])(?!(?:\1|\3|\4))(chown[,\s]|fchown[,\s]|lchown[,\s]|fchownat[,\s])(?!(?:\1|\2|\4))(chown[,\s]|fchown[,\s]|lchown[,\s]|fchownat[,\s])(?!(?:\1|\2|\3))(chown[,\s]|fchown[,\s]|lchown[,\s]|fchownat[,\s])-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=-1\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED</li>
<li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
<li>^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b64\s+-S\s+(?!(?:||))(chown[,\s]|fchown[,\s]|lchown[,\s]|fchownat[,\s])(?!(?:||))(chown[,\s]|fchown[,\s]|lchown[,\s]|fchownat[,\s])(?!(?:||))(chown[,\s]|fchown[,\s]|lchown[,\s]|fchownat[,\s])(?!(?:||))(chown[,\s]|fchown[,\s]|lchown[,\s]|fchownat[,\s])-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=-1\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475352_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED</l>
<l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
<l>^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b64\s+-S\s+(?!(?:||||))(setxattr[,\s]|lsetxattr[,\s]|fsetxattr[,\s]|removexattr[,\s]|lremovexattr[,\s]|fremovexattr[,\s])(?!(?:||||))(setxattr[,\s]|lsetxattr[,\s]|fsetxattr[,\s]|removexattr[,\s]|lremovexattr[,\s]|fremovexattr[,\s])(?!(?:||||))(setxattr[,\s]|lsetxattr[,\s]|fsetxattr[,\s]|removexattr[,\s]|lremovexattr[,\s]|fremovexattr[,\s])(?!(?:||||))(setxattr[,\s]|lsetxattr[,\s]|fsetxattr[,\s]|removexattr[,\s]|lremovexattr[,\s]|fremovexattr[,\s])(?!(?:||||))(setxattr[,\s]|lsetxattr[,\s]|fsetxattr[,\s]|removexattr[,\s]|lremovexattr[,\s]|fremovexattr[,\s])(?!(?:||||))(setxattr[,\s]|lsetxattr[,\s]|fsetxattr[,\s]|removexattr[,\s]|lremovexattr[,\s]|fremovexattr[,\s])-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=-1\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b64\s+-S\s+(?!(?:\2|\3|\4|\5|\6))(setxattr[,\s]|lsetxattr[,\s]|fsetxattr[,\s]|removexattr[,\s]|lremovexattr[,\s]|fremovexattr[,\s])(?!(?:\1|\3|\4|\5|\6))(setxattr[,\s]|lsetxattr[,\s]|fsetxattr[,\s]|removexattr[,\s]|lremovexattr[,\s]|fremovexattr[,\s])(?!(?:\1|\2|\4|\5|\6))(setxattr[,\s]|lsetxattr[,\s]|fsetxattr[,\s]|removexattr[,\s]|lremovexattr[,\s]|fremovexattr[,\s])(?!(?:\1|\2|\3|\5|\6))(setxattr[,\s]|lsetxattr[,\s]|fsetxattr[,\s]|removexattr[,\s]|lremovexattr[,\s]|fremovexattr[,\s])(?!(?:\1|\2|\3|\4|\6))(setxattr[,\s]|lsetxattr[,\s]|fsetxattr[,\s]|removexattr[,\s]|lremovexattr[,\s]|fremovexattr[,\s])(?!(?:\1|\2|\3|\4|\5))(setxattr[,\s]|lsetxattr[,\s]|fsetxattr[,\s]|removexattr[,\s]|lremovexattr[,\s]|fremovexattr[,\s])-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=-1\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED</li>
<li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
<li>^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b64\s+-S\s+(?!(?:||||))(setxattr[,\s]|lsetxattr[,\s]|fsetxattr[,\s]|removexattr[,\s]|lremovexattr[,\s]|fremovexattr[,\s])(?!(?:||||))(setxattr[,\s]|lsetxattr[,\s]|fsetxattr[,\s]|removexattr[,\s]|lremovexattr[,\s]|fremovexattr[,\s])(?!(?:||||))(setxattr[,\s]|lsetxattr[,\s]|fsetxattr[,\s]|removexattr[,\s]|lremovexattr[,\s]|fremovexattr[,\s])(?!(?:||||))(setxattr[,\s]|lsetxattr[,\s]|fsetxattr[,\s]|removexattr[,\s]|lremovexattr[,\s]|fremovexattr[,\s])(?!(?:||||))(setxattr[,\s]|lsetxattr[,\s]|fsetxattr[,\s]|removexattr[,\s]|lremovexattr[,\s]|fremovexattr[,\s])(?!(?:||||))(setxattr[,\s]|lsetxattr[,\s]|fsetxattr[,\s]|removexattr[,\s]|lremovexattr[,\s]|fremovexattr[,\s])-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=-1\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475353_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED</l>
<l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
<l>^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b64\s+-S\s+(?!(?:|))(chmod[,\s]|fchmod[,\s]|fchmodat[,\s])(?!(?:|))(chmod[,\s]|fchmod[,\s]|fchmodat[,\s])(?!(?:|))(chmod[,\s]|fchmod[,\s]|fchmodat[,\s])-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=-1\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b64\s+-S\s+(?!(?:\2|\3))(chmod[,\s]|fchmod[,\s]|fchmodat[,\s])(?!(?:\1|\3))(chmod[,\s]|fchmod[,\s]|fchmodat[,\s])(?!(?:\1|\2))(chmod[,\s]|fchmod[,\s]|fchmodat[,\s])-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=-1\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED</li>
<li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
<li>^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b64\s+-S\s+(?!(?:|))(chmod[,\s]|fchmod[,\s]|fchmodat[,\s])(?!(?:|))(chmod[,\s]|fchmod[,\s]|fchmodat[,\s])(?!(?:|))(chmod[,\s]|fchmod[,\s]|fchmodat[,\s])-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=-1\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/arch32_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/arch32_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\arch32_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>system is running: x86_64</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/arch32_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>system is running: x86_64</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.5 Label: Implement Automated Configuration Monitoring Systems Description: Utilize a Security Content Automation Protocol (SCAP) compliant configuration monitoring system to verify all security configuration elements, catalog approved exceptions, and alert when unauthorized changes occur.
4.1.10 Ensure unsuccessful unauthorized file access attempts are collected
Monitor for unsuccessful attempts to access files. The parameters below are associated with system calls that control creation ( creat ), opening ( open , openat ) and truncation ( truncate , ftruncate ) of files. An audit log record will only be written if the user is a non-privileged user (auid > = 1000), is not a Daemon event (auid=4294967295) and if the system call returned EACCES (permission denied to the file) or EPERM (some other permanent error associated with the specific system call). All audit records will be tagged with the identifier "access."
Note: Reloading the auditd config to set active settings requires the auditd service to be restarted, and may require a system reboot.
Failed attempts to open, create or truncate files could be an indication that an individual or process is trying to gain unauthorized access to the system.
For 32 bit systems Edit or create a file in the /etc/audit/rules.d/ directory ending in .rules
Example: vi /etc/audit/rules.d/50-access.rules
Add the following lines:
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S creat -S open -S openat -S truncate -S ftruncate -F
exit=-EACCES -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k access
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S creat -S open -S openat -S truncate -S ftruncate -F
exit=-EPERM -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k access
For 64 bit systems Edit or create a file in the /etc/audit/rules.d/ directory ending in .rules
Example: vi /etc/audit/rules.d/50-access.rules
Add the following lines:
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S creat -S open -S openat -S truncate -S ftruncate -F
exit=-EACCES -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k access
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S creat -S open -S openat -S truncate -S ftruncate -F
exit=-EACCES -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k access
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S creat -S open -S openat -S truncate -S ftruncate -F
exit=-EPERM -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k access
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S creat -S open -S openat -S truncate -S ftruncate -F
exit=-EPERM -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k access
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.10_Ensure_unsuccessful_unauthorized_file_access_attempts_are_collected"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.866+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/9"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475354_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>PASSED</l>
<l>audit rule: "-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S creat -S open -S openat -S truncate -S ftruncate -F exit=-EACCES -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k access"</l>
<l>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-access.rules"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b32\s+(?!(?:\2|\3|\4|\5))(-S\s+creat\s+|-S\s+open\s+|-S\s+openat\s+|-S\s+truncate\s+|-S\s+ftruncate\s+)(?!(?:\1|\3|\4|\5))(-S\s+creat\s+|-S\s+open\s+|-S\s+openat\s+|-S\s+truncate\s+|-S\s+ftruncate\s+)(?!(?:\1|\2|\4|\5))(-S\s+creat\s+|-S\s+open\s+|-S\s+openat\s+|-S\s+truncate\s+|-S\s+ftruncate\s+)(?!(?:\1|\2|\3|\5))(-S\s+creat\s+|-S\s+open\s+|-S\s+openat\s+|-S\s+truncate\s+|-S\s+ftruncate\s+)(?!(?:\1|\2|\3|\4))(-S\s+creat\s+|-S\s+open\s+|-S\s+openat\s+|-S\s+truncate\s+|-S\s+ftruncate\s+)-F\s+exit=-EACCES\s+-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=4294967295\s+-k\s+\S+ *$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>PASSED</li>
<li>audit rule: "-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S creat -S open -S openat -S truncate -S ftruncate -F exit=-EACCES -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k access"</li>
<li>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-access.rules"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475355_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>PASSED</l>
<l>audit rule: "-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S creat -S open -S openat -S truncate -S ftruncate -F exit=-EPERM -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k access"</l>
<l>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-access.rules"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b32\s+(?!(?:\2|\3|\4|\5))(-S\s+creat\s+|-S\s+open\s+|-S\s+openat\s+|-S\s+truncate\s+|-S\s+ftruncate\s+)(?!(?:\1|\3|\4|\5))(-S\s+creat\s+|-S\s+open\s+|-S\s+openat\s+|-S\s+truncate\s+|-S\s+ftruncate\s+)(?!(?:\1|\2|\4|\5))(-S\s+creat\s+|-S\s+open\s+|-S\s+openat\s+|-S\s+truncate\s+|-S\s+ftruncate\s+)(?!(?:\1|\2|\3|\5))(-S\s+creat\s+|-S\s+open\s+|-S\s+openat\s+|-S\s+truncate\s+|-S\s+ftruncate\s+)(?!(?:\1|\2|\3|\4))(-S\s+creat\s+|-S\s+open\s+|-S\s+openat\s+|-S\s+truncate\s+|-S\s+ftruncate\s+)-F\s+exit=-EPERM\s+-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=4294967295\s+-k\s+\S+ *$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>PASSED</li>
<li>audit rule: "-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S creat -S open -S openat -S truncate -S ftruncate -F exit=-EPERM -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k access"</li>
<li>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-access.rules"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475358_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED</l>
<l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
<l>^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b32\s+-S\s+(?!(?:|||))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])(?!(?:|||))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])(?!(?:|||))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])(?!(?:|||))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])(?!(?:|||))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])-F\s+exit=-EPERM\s+-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=-1\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b32\s+-S\s+(?!(?:\2|\3|\4|\5))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])(?!(?:\1|\3|\4|\5))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])(?!(?:\1|\2|\4|\5))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])(?!(?:\1|\2|\3|\5))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])(?!(?:\1|\2|\3|\4))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])-F\s+exit=-EPERM\s+-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=-1\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED</li>
<li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
<li>^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b32\s+-S\s+(?!(?:|||))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])(?!(?:|||))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])(?!(?:|||))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])(?!(?:|||))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])(?!(?:|||))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])-F\s+exit=-EPERM\s+-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=-1\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475361_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED</l>
<l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
<l>^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b32\s+-S\s+(?!(?:|||))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])(?!(?:|||))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])(?!(?:|||))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])(?!(?:|||))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])(?!(?:|||))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])-F\s+exit=-EACCES\s+-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=-1\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b32\s+-S\s+(?!(?:\2|\3|\4|\5))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])(?!(?:\1|\3|\4|\5))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])(?!(?:\1|\2|\4|\5))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])(?!(?:\1|\2|\3|\5))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])(?!(?:\1|\2|\3|\4))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])-F\s+exit=-EACCES\s+-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=-1\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED</li>
<li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
<li>^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b32\s+-S\s+(?!(?:|||))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])(?!(?:|||))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])(?!(?:|||))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])(?!(?:|||))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])(?!(?:|||))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])-F\s+exit=-EACCES\s+-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=-1\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475356_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>PASSED</l>
<l>audit rule: "-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S creat -S open -S openat -S truncate -S ftruncate -F exit=-EACCES -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k access"</l>
<l>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-access.rules"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b64\s+(?!(?:\2|\3|\4|\5))(-S\s+creat\s+|-S\s+open\s+|-S\s+openat\s+|-S\s+truncate\s+|-S\s+ftruncate\s+)(?!(?:\1|\3|\4|\5))(-S\s+creat\s+|-S\s+open\s+|-S\s+openat\s+|-S\s+truncate\s+|-S\s+ftruncate\s+)(?!(?:\1|\2|\4|\5))(-S\s+creat\s+|-S\s+open\s+|-S\s+openat\s+|-S\s+truncate\s+|-S\s+ftruncate\s+)(?!(?:\1|\2|\3|\5))(-S\s+creat\s+|-S\s+open\s+|-S\s+openat\s+|-S\s+truncate\s+|-S\s+ftruncate\s+)(?!(?:\1|\2|\3|\4))(-S\s+creat\s+|-S\s+open\s+|-S\s+openat\s+|-S\s+truncate\s+|-S\s+ftruncate\s+)-F\s+exit=-EACCES\s+-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=4294967295\s+-k\s+\S+ *$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>PASSED</li>
<li>audit rule: "-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S creat -S open -S openat -S truncate -S ftruncate -F exit=-EACCES -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k access"</li>
<li>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-access.rules"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475357_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>PASSED</l>
<l>audit rule: "-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S creat -S open -S openat -S truncate -S ftruncate -F exit=-EPERM -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k access"</l>
<l>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-access.rules"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b64\s+(?!(?:\2|\3|\4|\5))(-S\s+creat\s+|-S\s+open\s+|-S\s+openat\s+|-S\s+truncate\s+|-S\s+ftruncate\s+)(?!(?:\1|\3|\4|\5))(-S\s+creat\s+|-S\s+open\s+|-S\s+openat\s+|-S\s+truncate\s+|-S\s+ftruncate\s+)(?!(?:\1|\2|\4|\5))(-S\s+creat\s+|-S\s+open\s+|-S\s+openat\s+|-S\s+truncate\s+|-S\s+ftruncate\s+)(?!(?:\1|\2|\3|\5))(-S\s+creat\s+|-S\s+open\s+|-S\s+openat\s+|-S\s+truncate\s+|-S\s+ftruncate\s+)(?!(?:\1|\2|\3|\4))(-S\s+creat\s+|-S\s+open\s+|-S\s+openat\s+|-S\s+truncate\s+|-S\s+ftruncate\s+)-F\s+exit=-EPERM\s+-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=4294967295\s+-k\s+\S+ *$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>PASSED</li>
<li>audit rule: "-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S creat -S open -S openat -S truncate -S ftruncate -F exit=-EPERM -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k access"</li>
<li>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-access.rules"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475360_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED</l>
<l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
<l>^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b64\s+-S\s+(?!(?:|||))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])(?!(?:|||))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])(?!(?:|||))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])(?!(?:|||))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])(?!(?:|||))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])-F\s+exit=-EACCES\s+-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=-1\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b64\s+-S\s+(?!(?:\2|\3|\4|\5))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])(?!(?:\1|\3|\4|\5))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])(?!(?:\1|\2|\4|\5))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])(?!(?:\1|\2|\3|\5))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])(?!(?:\1|\2|\3|\4))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])-F\s+exit=-EACCES\s+-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=-1\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED</li>
<li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
<li>^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b64\s+-S\s+(?!(?:|||))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])(?!(?:|||))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])(?!(?:|||))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])(?!(?:|||))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])(?!(?:|||))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])-F\s+exit=-EACCES\s+-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=-1\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475362_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED</l>
<l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
<l>^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b64\s+-S\s+(?!(?:|||))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])(?!(?:|||))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])(?!(?:|||))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])(?!(?:|||))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])(?!(?:|||))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])-F\s+exit=-EPERM\s+-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=-1\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b64\s+-S\s+(?!(?:\2|\3|\4|\5))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])(?!(?:\1|\3|\4|\5))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])(?!(?:\1|\2|\4|\5))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])(?!(?:\1|\2|\3|\5))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])(?!(?:\1|\2|\3|\4))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])-F\s+exit=-EPERM\s+-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=-1\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED</li>
<li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
<li>^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b64\s+-S\s+(?!(?:|||))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])(?!(?:|||))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])(?!(?:|||))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])(?!(?:|||))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])(?!(?:|||))(open[,\s]|creat[,\s]|truncate[,\s]|ftruncate[,\s]|openat[,\s])-F\s+exit=-EPERM\s+-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=-1\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/arch32_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/arch32_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\arch32_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>system is running: x86_64</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/arch32_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>system is running: x86_64</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification. Subcontrol: 14.9 Label: Enforce Detail Logging for Access or Changes to Sensitive Data Description: Enforce detailed audit logging for access to sensitive data or changes to sensitive data (utilizing tools such as File Integrity Monitoring or Security Information and Event Monitoring).
4.1.11 Ensure use of privileged commands is collected
Monitor privileged programs (those that have the setuid and/or setgid bit set on execution) to determine if unprivileged users are running these commands.
Note: Reloading the auditd config to set active settings requires the auditd service to be restarted, and may require a system reboot.
Execution of privileged commands by non-privileged users could be an indication of someone trying to gain unauthorized access to the system.
To remediate this issue, the system administrator will have to execute a find command to locate all the privileged programs and then add an audit line for each one of them.
The audit parameters associated with this are as follows:
- -F path=" $1 " - will populate each file name found through the find command and processed by awk.
- -F perm=x - will write an audit record if the file is executed.
- -F auid>=1000 - will write a record if the user executing the command is not a privileged user.
- -F auid!= 4294967295 - will ignore Daemon events
All audit records should be tagged with the identifier key "privileged".
Run the following command replacing with a list of partitions where programs can be executed from on your system:
# find <partition> -xdev \( -perm -4000 -o -perm -2000 \) -type f | awk '{print "-a
always,exit -F path=" $1 " -F perm=x -F auid>='"$(awk '/^\s*UID_MIN/{print $2}' /etc/login.defs)"'
-F auid!=4294967295 -k privileged" }'
Edit or create a file in the /etc/audit/rules.d/ directory ending in .rules and add all resulting lines to the file.
Example:
# find / -xdev \( -perm -4000 -o -perm -2000 \) -type f | awk '{print "-a always,exit
-F path=" $1 " -F perm=x -F auid>='"$(awk '/^\s*UID_MIN/{print $2}' /etc/login.defs)"'
-F auid!=4294967295 -k privileged" }' >> /etc/audit/rules.d/50-privileged.rules
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.11_Ensure_use_of_privileged_commands_is_collected"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.866+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/auditd_privilieged_commands_rules_file.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/auditd_privilieged_commands_rules_file.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\auditd_privilieged_commands_rules_file.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/lib/mc/cons.saver"</l>
<l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/lib/snapd/snap-confine"</l>
<l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/lib/dbus-1.0/dbus-daemon-launch-helper"</l>
<l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/lib/eject/dmcrypt-get-device"</l>
<l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/lib/policykit-1/polkit-agent-helper-1"</l>
<l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/utempter/utempter"</l>
<l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/lib/openssh/ssh-keysign"</l>
<l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/ssh-agent"</l>
<l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/gpasswd"</l>
<l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/crontab"</l>
<l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/newgrp"</l>
<l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/pkexec"</l>
<l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/su"</l>
<l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/wall"</l>
<l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/dotlockfile"</l>
<l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/at"</l>
<l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/passwd"</l>
<l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/mount"</l>
<l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/chfn"</l>
<l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/umount"</l>
<l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/chage"</l>
<l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/expiry"</l>
<l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/sudo"</l>
<l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/bsd-write"</l>
<l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/fusermount"</l>
<l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/chsh"</l>
<l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/sbin/postdrop"</l>
<l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/sbin/unix_chkpwd"</l>
<l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/sbin/pam_extrausers_chkpwd"</l>
<l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/sbin/postqueue"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/auditd_privilieged_commands_rules_file.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/lib/mc/cons.saver"</li>
<li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/lib/snapd/snap-confine"</li>
<li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/lib/dbus-1.0/dbus-daemon-launch-helper"</li>
<li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/lib/eject/dmcrypt-get-device"</li>
<li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/lib/policykit-1/polkit-agent-helper-1"</li>
<li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/utempter/utempter"</li>
<li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/lib/openssh/ssh-keysign"</li>
<li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/ssh-agent"</li>
<li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/gpasswd"</li>
<li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/crontab"</li>
<li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/newgrp"</li>
<li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/pkexec"</li>
<li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/su"</li>
<li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/wall"</li>
<li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/dotlockfile"</li>
<li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/at"</li>
<li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/passwd"</li>
<li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/mount"</li>
<li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/chfn"</li>
<li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/umount"</li>
<li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/chage"</li>
<li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/expiry"</li>
<li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/sudo"</li>
<li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/bsd-write"</li>
<li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/fusermount"</li>
<li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/chsh"</li>
<li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/sbin/postdrop"</li>
<li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/sbin/unix_chkpwd"</li>
<li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/sbin/pam_extrausers_chkpwd"</li>
<li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/sbin/postqueue"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\auditd_privilieged_commands.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>Missing auditd rules.</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>Missing auditd rules.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
4.1.12 Ensure successful file system mounts are collected
Monitor the use of the mount system call. The mount (and umount ) system call controls the mounting and unmounting of file systems. The parameters below configure the system to create an audit record when the mount system call is used by a non-privileged user
Note:
- This tracks successful and unsuccessful mount commands. File system mounts do not have to come from external media and this action still does not verify write (e.g. CD ROMS).
- Reloading the auditd config to set active settings requires the auditd service to be restarted, and may require a system reboot.
It is highly unusual for a non privileged user to mount file systems to the system. While tracking mount commands gives the system administrator evidence that external media may have been mounted (based on a review of the source of the mount and confirming it's an external media type), it does not conclusively indicate that data was exported to the media. System administrators who wish to determine if data were exported, would also have to track successful open , creat and truncate system calls requiring write access to a file under the mount point of the external media file system. This could give a fair indication that a write occurred. The only way to truly prove it, would be to track successful writes to the external media. Tracking write system calls could quickly fill up the audit log and is not recommended. Recommendations on configuration options to track data export to media is beyond the scope of this document.
For 32 bit systems Edit or create a file in the /etc/audit/rules.d/ directory ending in .rules
Example: vi /etc/audit/rules.d/50-mounts.rules
Add the following lines:
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S mount -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k mounts
For 64 bit systems Edit or create a file in the /etc/audit/rules.d/ directory ending in .rules
Example: vi /etc/audit/rules.d/50-mounts.rules
Add the following lines:
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S mount -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k mounts
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S mount -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k mounts
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.12_Ensure_successful_file_system_mounts_are_collected"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.867+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475363_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>PASSED</l>
<l>audit rule: "-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S mount -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k mounts"</l>
<l>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-mounts.rules"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b32\s+-S\s+mount\s+-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=4294967295\s+-k\s+\S+ *$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>PASSED</li>
<li>audit rule: "-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S mount -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k mounts"</li>
<li>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-mounts.rules"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475366_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED</l>
<l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
<l>^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b32\s+-S\s+mount\s+-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=-1\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b32\s+-S\s+mount\s+-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=-1\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED</li>
<li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
<li>^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b32\s+-S\s+mount\s+-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=-1\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475364_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>PASSED</l>
<l>audit rule: "-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S mount -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k mounts"</l>
<l>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-mounts.rules"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b64\s+-S\s+mount\s+-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=4294967295\s+-k\s+\S+ *$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>PASSED</li>
<li>audit rule: "-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S mount -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k mounts"</li>
<li>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-mounts.rules"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475367_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED</l>
<l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
<l>^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b64\s+-S\s+mount\s+-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=-1\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b64\s+-S\s+mount\s+-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=-1\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED</li>
<li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
<li>^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b64\s+-S\s+mount\s+-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=-1\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/arch32_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/arch32_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\arch32_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>system is running: x86_64</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/arch32_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>system is running: x86_64</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
4.1.13 Ensure file deletion events by users are collected
Monitor the use of system calls associated with the deletion or renaming of files and file attributes. This configuration statement sets up monitoring for the unlink (remove a file), unlinkat (remove a file attribute), rename (rename a file) and renameat (rename a file attribute) system calls and tags them with the identifier "delete".
Note:
- At a minimum, configure the audit system to collect file deletion events for all users and root.
- Reloading the auditd config to set active settings requires the auditd service to be restarted, and may require a system reboot.
Monitoring these calls from non-privileged users could provide a system administrator with evidence that inappropriate removal of files and file attributes associated with protected files is occurring. While this audit option will look at all events, system administrators will want to look for specific privileged files that are being deleted or altered.
For 32 bit systems Edit or create a file in the /etc/audit/rules.d/ directory ending in .rules
Example: vi /etc/audit/rules.d/50-delete.rules
Add the following lines:
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S unlink -S unlinkat -S rename -S renameat -F auid>=1000
-F auid!=4294967295 -k delete
For 64 bit systems Edit or create a file in the /etc/audit/rules.d/ directory ending in .rules
Example: vi /etc/audit/rules.d/50-delete.rules
Add the following lines:
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S unlink -S unlinkat -S rename -S renameat -F auid>=1000
-F auid!=4294967295 -k delete
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S unlink -S unlinkat -S rename -S renameat -F auid>=1000
-F auid!=4294967295 -k delete
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.13_Ensure_file_deletion_events_by_users_are_collected"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.867+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/13"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1484924_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>PASSED</l>
<l>audit rule: "-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S unlink -S unlinkat -S rename -S renameat -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k delete"</l>
<l>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-delete.rules"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b32\s+(?!(?:\2|\3|\4))(-S\s+unlink\s+|-S\s+unlinkat\s+|-S\s+rename\s+|-S\s+renameat\s+)(?!(?:\1|\3|\4))(-S\s+unlink\s+|-S\s+unlinkat\s+|-S\s+rename\s+|-S\s+renameat\s+)(?!(?:\1|\2|\4))(-S\s+unlink\s+|-S\s+unlinkat\s+|-S\s+rename\s+|-S\s+renameat\s+)(?!(?:\1|\2|\3))(-S\s+unlink\s+|-S\s+unlinkat\s+|-S\s+rename\s+|-S\s+renameat\s+)-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=4294967295\s+-k\s+\S+ *$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>PASSED</li>
<li>audit rule: "-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S unlink -S unlinkat -S rename -S renameat -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k delete"</li>
<li>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-delete.rules"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1484927_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED</l>
<l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
<l>^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b32\s+-S\s+(?!(?:||))(unlink[,\s]|rename[,\s]|unlinkat[,\s]|renameat[,\s])(?!(?:||))(unlink[,\s]|rename[,\s]|unlinkat[,\s]|renameat[,\s])(?!(?:||))(unlink[,\s]|rename[,\s]|unlinkat[,\s]|renameat[,\s])(?!(?:||))(unlink[,\s]|rename[,\s]|unlinkat[,\s]|renameat[,\s])-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=-1\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b32\s+-S\s+(?!(?:\2|\3|\4))(unlink[,\s]|rename[,\s]|unlinkat[,\s]|renameat[,\s])(?!(?:\1|\3|\4))(unlink[,\s]|rename[,\s]|unlinkat[,\s]|renameat[,\s])(?!(?:\1|\2|\4))(unlink[,\s]|rename[,\s]|unlinkat[,\s]|renameat[,\s])(?!(?:\1|\2|\3))(unlink[,\s]|rename[,\s]|unlinkat[,\s]|renameat[,\s])-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=-1\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED</li>
<li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
<li>^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b32\s+-S\s+(?!(?:||))(unlink[,\s]|rename[,\s]|unlinkat[,\s]|renameat[,\s])(?!(?:||))(unlink[,\s]|rename[,\s]|unlinkat[,\s]|renameat[,\s])(?!(?:||))(unlink[,\s]|rename[,\s]|unlinkat[,\s]|renameat[,\s])(?!(?:||))(unlink[,\s]|rename[,\s]|unlinkat[,\s]|renameat[,\s])-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=-1\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1484925_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>PASSED</l>
<l>audit rule: "-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S unlink -S unlinkat -S rename -S renameat -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k delete"</l>
<l>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-delete.rules"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b64\s+(?!(?:\2|\3|\4))(-S\s+unlink\s+|-S\s+unlinkat\s+|-S\s+rename\s+|-S\s+renameat\s+)(?!(?:\1|\3|\4))(-S\s+unlink\s+|-S\s+unlinkat\s+|-S\s+rename\s+|-S\s+renameat\s+)(?!(?:\1|\2|\4))(-S\s+unlink\s+|-S\s+unlinkat\s+|-S\s+rename\s+|-S\s+renameat\s+)(?!(?:\1|\2|\3))(-S\s+unlink\s+|-S\s+unlinkat\s+|-S\s+rename\s+|-S\s+renameat\s+)-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=4294967295\s+-k\s+\S+ *$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>PASSED</li>
<li>audit rule: "-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S unlink -S unlinkat -S rename -S renameat -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k delete"</li>
<li>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-delete.rules"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1484928_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED</l>
<l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
<l>^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b64\s+-S\s+(?!(?:||))(unlink[,\s]|rename[,\s]|unlinkat[,\s]|renameat[,\s])(?!(?:||))(unlink[,\s]|rename[,\s]|unlinkat[,\s]|renameat[,\s])(?!(?:||))(unlink[,\s]|rename[,\s]|unlinkat[,\s]|renameat[,\s])(?!(?:||))(unlink[,\s]|rename[,\s]|unlinkat[,\s]|renameat[,\s])-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=-1\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b64\s+-S\s+(?!(?:\2|\3|\4))(unlink[,\s]|rename[,\s]|unlinkat[,\s]|renameat[,\s])(?!(?:\1|\3|\4))(unlink[,\s]|rename[,\s]|unlinkat[,\s]|renameat[,\s])(?!(?:\1|\2|\4))(unlink[,\s]|rename[,\s]|unlinkat[,\s]|renameat[,\s])(?!(?:\1|\2|\3))(unlink[,\s]|rename[,\s]|unlinkat[,\s]|renameat[,\s])-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=-1\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED</li>
<li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
<li>^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b64\s+-S\s+(?!(?:||))(unlink[,\s]|rename[,\s]|unlinkat[,\s]|renameat[,\s])(?!(?:||))(unlink[,\s]|rename[,\s]|unlinkat[,\s]|renameat[,\s])(?!(?:||))(unlink[,\s]|rename[,\s]|unlinkat[,\s]|renameat[,\s])(?!(?:||))(unlink[,\s]|rename[,\s]|unlinkat[,\s]|renameat[,\s])-F\s+auid>=1000\s+-F\s+auid!=-1\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/arch32_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/arch32_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\arch32_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>system is running: x86_64</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/arch32_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>system is running: x86_64</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 13: Data Protection: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to prevent data exfiltration, mitigate the effects of exfiltrated data, and ensure the privacy and integrity of sensitive information.
4.1.14 Ensure changes to system administration scope (sudoers) is collected
Monitor scope changes for system administrations. If the system has been properly configured to force system administrators to log in as themselves first and then use the sudo command to execute privileged commands, it is possible to monitor changes in scope. The file /etc/sudoers will be written to when the file or its attributes have changed. The audit records will be tagged with the identifier "scope."
Note: Reloading the auditd config to set active settings requires the auditd service to be restarted, and may require a system reboot.
Changes in the /etc/sudoers file can indicate that an unauthorized change has been made to scope of system administrator activity.
Edit or create a file in the /etc/audit/rules.d/ directory ending in .rules
Example: vi /etc/audit/rules.d/50-scope.rules
Add the following lines:
-w /etc/sudoers -p wa -k scope
-w /etc/sudoers.d/ -p wa -k scope
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.14_Ensure_changes_to_system_administration_scope_sudoers_is_collected"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.867+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475373_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>PASSED</l>
<l>audit rule: "-w /etc/sudoers -p wa -k scope"</l>
<l>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-scope.rules"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-w\s+\/etc\/sudoers\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>PASSED</li>
<li>audit rule: "-w /etc/sudoers -p wa -k scope"</li>
<li>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-scope.rules"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475374_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>PASSED</l>
<l>audit rule: "-w /etc/sudoers.d/ -p wa -k scope"</l>
<l>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-scope.rules"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-w\s+\/etc\/sudoers\.d\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>PASSED</li>
<li>audit rule: "-w /etc/sudoers.d/ -p wa -k scope"</li>
<li>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-scope.rules"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475375_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED</l>
<l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
<l>^\s*-w\s+\/etc\/sudoers\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-w\s+\/etc\/sudoers\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED</li>
<li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
<li>^\s*-w\s+\/etc\/sudoers\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475376_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED</l>
<l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
<l>^\s*-w\s+\/etc\/sudoers\.d\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-w\s+\/etc\/sudoers\.d\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED</li>
<li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
<li>^\s*-w\s+\/etc\/sudoers\.d\/?\s+-p\s+wa\s+-k\s+\S+</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment, and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. Subcontrol: 4.8 Label: Log and Alert on Changes to Administrative Group Membership Description: Configure systems to issue a log entry and alert when an account is added to or removed from any group assigned administrative privileges.
4.1.15 Ensure system administrator command executions (sudo) are collected
sudo provides users with temporary elevated privileges to perform operations. Monitor the administrator with temporary elevated privileges and the operation(s) they performed.
Note: Reloading the auditd config to set active settings requires the auditd service to be restarted, and may require a system reboot.
creating an audit log of administrators with temporary elevated privileges and the operation(s) they performed is essential to reporting. Administrators will want to correlate the events written to the audit trail with the records written to sudo logfile to verify if unauthorized commands have been executed.
For 32 bit systems Edit or create a file in the /etc/audit/rules.d/ directory ending in .rules :
Example: `vi /etc/audit/rules.d/50-actions.rules
Add the following line:
-a exit,always -F arch=b32 -C euid!=uid -F euid=0 -Fauid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295
-S execve -k actions
For 64 bit systems Edit or create a file in the /etc/audit/rules.d/ directory ending in .rules :
Example: vi /etc/audit/rules.d/50-actions.rules
Add the following lines:
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -C euid!=uid -F euid=0 -Fauid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295
-S execve -k actions
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -C euid!=uid -F euid=0 -Fauid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295
-S execve -k actions
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.15_Ensure_system_administrator_command_executions_sudo_are_collected"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.868+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/9"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1484929_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>PASSED</l>
<l>audit rule: "-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -C euid!=uid -F euid=0 -Fauid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -S execve -k actions"</l>
<l>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-actions.rules"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-a\s+(?:exit,always|always,exit)\s+-F\s+arch=b32\s+(?!(?:\2|\3|\4))(-S\s+execve|(?:-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid)\s+-F\s+euid=0|-F\s+euid=0\s+-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid))|-F\s*auid>=1000|-F\s+auid!=(?:-1|4294967295))\s+(?!(?:\1|\3|\4))(-S\s+execve|(?:-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid)\s+-F\s+euid=0|-F\s+euid=0\s+-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid))|-F\s*auid>=1000|-F\s+auid!=(?:-1|4294967295))\s+(?!(?:\1|\2|\4))(-S\s+execve|(?:-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid)\s+-F\s+euid=0|-F\s+euid=0\s+-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid))|-F\s*auid>=1000|-F\s+auid!=(?:-1|4294967295))\s+(?!(?:\1|\2|\3))(-S\s+execve|(?:-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid)\s+-F\s+euid=0|-F\s+euid=0\s+-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid))|-F\s*auid>=1000|-F\s+auid!=(?:-1|4294967295))\s+(?:-k\s+\S+|-F\s+key=\S+)\s*.*$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>PASSED</li>
<li>audit rule: "-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -C euid!=uid -F euid=0 -Fauid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -S execve -k actions"</li>
<li>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-actions.rules"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1484930_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED</l>
<l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
<l>^\s*-a\s+(?:exit,always|always,exit)\s+-F\s+arch=b32\s+(?!(?:||))(-S\s+execve|(?:-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid)\s+-F\s+euid=0|-F\s+euid=0\s+-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid))|-F\s*auid>=1000|-F\s+auid!=(?:-1|4294967295))\s+(?!(?:||))(-S\s+execve|(?:-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid)\s+-F\s+euid=0|-F\s+euid=0\s+-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid))|-F\s*auid>=1000|-F\s+auid!=(?:-1|4294967295))\s+(?!(?:||))(-S\s+execve|(?:-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid)\s+-F\s+euid=0|-F\s+euid=0\s+-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid))|-F\s*auid>=1000|-F\s+auid!=(?:-1|4294967295))\s+(?!(?:||))(-S\s+execve|(?:-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid)\s+-F\s+euid=0|-F\s+euid=0\s+-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid))|-F\s*auid>=1000|-F\s+auid!=(?:-1|4294967295))\s+(?:-k\s+\S+|-F\s+key=\S+)\s*.*$</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-a\s+(?:exit,always|always,exit)\s+-F\s+arch=b32\s+(?!(?:\2|\3|\4))(-S\s+execve|(?:-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid)\s+-F\s+euid=0|-F\s+euid=0\s+-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid))|-F\s*auid>=1000|-F\s+auid!=(?:-1|4294967295))\s+(?!(?:\1|\3|\4))(-S\s+execve|(?:-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid)\s+-F\s+euid=0|-F\s+euid=0\s+-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid))|-F\s*auid>=1000|-F\s+auid!=(?:-1|4294967295))\s+(?!(?:\1|\2|\4))(-S\s+execve|(?:-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid)\s+-F\s+euid=0|-F\s+euid=0\s+-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid))|-F\s*auid>=1000|-F\s+auid!=(?:-1|4294967295))\s+(?!(?:\1|\2|\3))(-S\s+execve|(?:-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid)\s+-F\s+euid=0|-F\s+euid=0\s+-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid))|-F\s*auid>=1000|-F\s+auid!=(?:-1|4294967295))\s+(?:-k\s+\S+|-F\s+key=\S+)\s*.*$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED</li>
<li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
<li>^\s*-a\s+(?:exit,always|always,exit)\s+-F\s+arch=b32\s+(?!(?:||))(-S\s+execve|(?:-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid)\s+-F\s+euid=0|-F\s+euid=0\s+-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid))|-F\s*auid>=1000|-F\s+auid!=(?:-1|4294967295))\s+(?!(?:||))(-S\s+execve|(?:-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid)\s+-F\s+euid=0|-F\s+euid=0\s+-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid))|-F\s*auid>=1000|-F\s+auid!=(?:-1|4294967295))\s+(?!(?:||))(-S\s+execve|(?:-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid)\s+-F\s+euid=0|-F\s+euid=0\s+-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid))|-F\s*auid>=1000|-F\s+auid!=(?:-1|4294967295))\s+(?!(?:||))(-S\s+execve|(?:-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid)\s+-F\s+euid=0|-F\s+euid=0\s+-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid))|-F\s*auid>=1000|-F\s+auid!=(?:-1|4294967295))\s+(?:-k\s+\S+|-F\s+key=\S+)\s*.*$</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1484931_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>PASSED</l>
<l>audit rule: "-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -C euid!=uid -F euid=0 -Fauid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -S execve -k actions"</l>
<l>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-actions.rules"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-a\s+(?:exit,always|always,exit)\s+-F\s+arch=b64\s+(?!(?:\2|\3|\4))(-S\s+execve|(?:-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid)\s+-F\s+euid=0|-F\s+euid=0\s+-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid))|-F\s*auid>=1000|-F\s+auid!=(?:-1|4294967295))\s+(?!(?:\1|\3|\4))(-S\s+execve|(?:-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid)\s+-F\s+euid=0|-F\s+euid=0\s+-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid))|-F\s*auid>=1000|-F\s+auid!=(?:-1|4294967295))\s+(?!(?:\1|\2|\4))(-S\s+execve|(?:-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid)\s+-F\s+euid=0|-F\s+euid=0\s+-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid))|-F\s*auid>=1000|-F\s+auid!=(?:-1|4294967295))\s+(?!(?:\1|\2|\3))(-S\s+execve|(?:-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid)\s+-F\s+euid=0|-F\s+euid=0\s+-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid))|-F\s*auid>=1000|-F\s+auid!=(?:-1|4294967295))\s+(?:-k\s+\S+|-F\s+key=\S+)\s*.*$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>PASSED</li>
<li>audit rule: "-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -C euid!=uid -F euid=0 -Fauid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -S execve -k actions"</li>
<li>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-actions.rules"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1484932_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED</l>
<l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
<l>^\s*-a\s+(?:exit,always|always,exit)\s+-F\s+arch=b64\s+(?!(?:||))(-S\s+execve|(?:-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid)\s+-F\s+euid=0|-F\s+euid=0\s+-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid))|-F\s*auid>=1000|-F\s+auid!=(?:-1|4294967295))\s+(?!(?:||))(-S\s+execve|(?:-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid)\s+-F\s+euid=0|-F\s+euid=0\s+-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid))|-F\s*auid>=1000|-F\s+auid!=(?:-1|4294967295))\s+(?!(?:||))(-S\s+execve|(?:-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid)\s+-F\s+euid=0|-F\s+euid=0\s+-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid))|-F\s*auid>=1000|-F\s+auid!=(?:-1|4294967295))\s+(?!(?:||))(-S\s+execve|(?:-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid)\s+-F\s+euid=0|-F\s+euid=0\s+-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid))|-F\s*auid>=1000|-F\s+auid!=(?:-1|4294967295))\s+(?:-k\s+\S+|-F\s+key=\S+)\s*.*$</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-a\s+(?:exit,always|always,exit)\s+-F\s+arch=b64\s+(?!(?:\2|\3|\4))(-S\s+execve|(?:-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid)\s+-F\s+euid=0|-F\s+euid=0\s+-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid))|-F\s*auid>=1000|-F\s+auid!=(?:-1|4294967295))\s+(?!(?:\1|\3|\4))(-S\s+execve|(?:-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid)\s+-F\s+euid=0|-F\s+euid=0\s+-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid))|-F\s*auid>=1000|-F\s+auid!=(?:-1|4294967295))\s+(?!(?:\1|\2|\4))(-S\s+execve|(?:-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid)\s+-F\s+euid=0|-F\s+euid=0\s+-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid))|-F\s*auid>=1000|-F\s+auid!=(?:-1|4294967295))\s+(?!(?:\1|\2|\3))(-S\s+execve|(?:-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid)\s+-F\s+euid=0|-F\s+euid=0\s+-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid))|-F\s*auid>=1000|-F\s+auid!=(?:-1|4294967295))\s+(?:-k\s+\S+|-F\s+key=\S+)\s*.*$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED</li>
<li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
<li>^\s*-a\s+(?:exit,always|always,exit)\s+-F\s+arch=b64\s+(?!(?:||))(-S\s+execve|(?:-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid)\s+-F\s+euid=0|-F\s+euid=0\s+-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid))|-F\s*auid>=1000|-F\s+auid!=(?:-1|4294967295))\s+(?!(?:||))(-S\s+execve|(?:-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid)\s+-F\s+euid=0|-F\s+euid=0\s+-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid))|-F\s*auid>=1000|-F\s+auid!=(?:-1|4294967295))\s+(?!(?:||))(-S\s+execve|(?:-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid)\s+-F\s+euid=0|-F\s+euid=0\s+-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid))|-F\s*auid>=1000|-F\s+auid!=(?:-1|4294967295))\s+(?!(?:||))(-S\s+execve|(?:-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid)\s+-F\s+euid=0|-F\s+euid=0\s+-C\s+(?:uid!=euid|euid!=uid))|-F\s*auid>=1000|-F\s+auid!=(?:-1|4294967295))\s+(?:-k\s+\S+|-F\s+key=\S+)\s*.*$</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/arch32_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/arch32_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\arch32_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>system is running: x86_64</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/arch32_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>system is running: x86_64</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment, and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. Subcontrol: 4.9 Label: Log and Alert on Unsuccessful Administrative Account Login Description: Configure systems to issue a log entry and alert on unsuccessful logins to an administrative account.
4.1.16 Ensure kernel module loading and unloading is collected
Monitor the loading and unloading of kernel modules. The programs insmod (install a kernel module), rmmod (remove a kernel module), and modprobe (a more sophisticated program to load and unload modules, as well as some other features) control loading and unloading of modules. The init_module (load a module) and delete_module (delete a module) system calls control loading and unloading of modules. Any execution of the loading and unloading module programs and system calls will trigger an audit record with an identifier of "modules".
Note: Reloading the auditd config to set active settings requires the auditd service to be restarted, and may require a system reboot.
Monitoring the use of insmod , rmmod and modprobe could provide system administrators with evidence that an unauthorized user loaded or unloaded a kernel module, possibly compromising the security of the system. Monitoring of the init_module and delete_module system calls would reflect an unauthorized user attempting to use a different program to load and unload modules.
For 32 bit systems Edit or create a file in the /etc/audit/rules.d/ directory ending in .rules
Example: vi /etc/audit/rules.d/50-modules.rules
Add the following lines:
-w /sbin/insmod -p x -k modules
-w /sbin/rmmod -p x -k modules
-w /sbin/modprobe -p x -k modules
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S init_module -S delete_module -k modules
For 64 bit systems Edit or create a file in the /etc/audit/rules.d/ directory ending in .rules
Example: vi /etc/audit/rules.d/50-modules.rules
Add the following lines:
-w /sbin/insmod -p x -k modules
-w /sbin/rmmod -p x -k modules
-w /sbin/modprobe -p x -k modules
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S init_module -S delete_module -k modules
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.16_Ensure_kernel_module_loading_and_unloading_is_collected"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.869+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475382_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>PASSED</l>
<l>audit rule: "-w /sbin/insmod -p x -k modules"</l>
<l>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-modules.rules"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-w\s+\/sbin\/insmod\/?\s+-p\s+x\s+-k\s+\S+</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>PASSED</li>
<li>audit rule: "-w /sbin/insmod -p x -k modules"</li>
<li>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-modules.rules"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475383_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>PASSED</l>
<l>audit rule: "-w /sbin/rmmod -p x -k modules"</l>
<l>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-modules.rules"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-w\s+\/sbin\/rmmod\/?\s+-p\s+x\s+-k\s+\S+</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>PASSED</li>
<li>audit rule: "-w /sbin/rmmod -p x -k modules"</li>
<li>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-modules.rules"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475384_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>PASSED</l>
<l>audit rule: "-w /sbin/modprobe -p x -k modules"</l>
<l>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-modules.rules"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-w\s+\/sbin\/modprobe\/?\s+-p\s+x\s+-k\s+\S+</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>PASSED</li>
<li>audit rule: "-w /sbin/modprobe -p x -k modules"</li>
<li>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-modules.rules"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475391_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED</l>
<l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
<l>^\s*-w\s+\/sbin\/insmod\s+-p\s+x\s+-k\s+\S+</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-w\s+\/sbin\/insmod\s+-p\s+x\s+-k\s+\S+</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED</li>
<li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
<li>^\s*-w\s+\/sbin\/insmod\s+-p\s+x\s+-k\s+\S+</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475392_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED</l>
<l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
<l>^\s*-w\s+\/sbin\/rmmod\s+-p\s+x\s+-k\s+\S+</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-w\s+\/sbin\/rmmod\s+-p\s+x\s+-k\s+\S+</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED</li>
<li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
<li>^\s*-w\s+\/sbin\/rmmod\s+-p\s+x\s+-k\s+\S+</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475393_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED</l>
<l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
<l>^\s*-w\s+\/sbin\/modprobe\s+-p\s+x\s+-k\s+\S+</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-w\s+\/sbin\/modprobe\s+-p\s+x\s+-k\s+\S+</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED</li>
<li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
<li>^\s*-w\s+\/sbin\/modprobe\s+-p\s+x\s+-k\s+\S+</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475385_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED</l>
<l>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</l>
<l>^\s*-a\s+(always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b32\s+(-S\s+init_module\s+-S\s+delete_module|-S\s+delete_module\s+-S\s+init_module)\s+-k\s+\S+ </l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-a\s+(always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b32\s+(-S\s+init_module\s+-S\s+delete_module|-S\s+delete_module\s+-S\s+init_module)\s+-k\s+\S+</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED</li>
<li>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</li>
<li>^\s*-a\s+(always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b32\s+(-S\s+init_module\s+-S\s+delete_module|-S\s+delete_module\s+-S\s+init_module)\s+-k\s+\S+ </li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475390_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED</l>
<l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
<l>^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b32\s+-S\s+(?:init_module,delete_module|delete_module,init_module)\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b32\s+-S\s+(?:init_module,delete_module|delete_module,init_module)\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED</li>
<li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
<li>^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b32\s+-S\s+(?:init_module,delete_module|delete_module,init_module)\s+-F\s+key=\S+ *$</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/arch32_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/arch32_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\arch32_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>system is running: x86_64</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/arch32_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>system is running: x86_64</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475386_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED</l>
<l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
<l>^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b64\s+-S\s+(?:init_module,delete_module|delete_module,init_module)\s+-F\s+key=\S+</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b64\s+-S\s+(?:init_module,delete_module|delete_module,init_module)\s+-F\s+key=\S+</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_auditctl_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED</li>
<li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
<li>^\s*-a\s+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b64\s+-S\s+(?:init_module,delete_module|delete_module,init_module)\s+-F\s+key=\S+</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475387_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>PASSED</l>
<l>audit rule: "-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S init_module -S delete_module -k modules"</l>
<l>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-modules.rules"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-a\s+(always,exit|exit,always)\s+-F\s+arch=b64\s+(-S\s+init_module\s+-S\s+delete_module|-S\s+delete_module\s+-S\s+init_module)\s+-k\s+\S+</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>PASSED</li>
<li>audit rule: "-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S init_module -S delete_module -k modules"</li>
<li>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/50-modules.rules"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/arch64_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/arch64_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\arch64_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out/>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/arch64_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No output lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
4.1.17 Ensure the audit configuration is immutable
Set system audit so that audit rules cannot be modified with auditctl . Setting the flag "-e 2" forces audit to be put in immutable mode. Audit changes can only be made on system reboot.
Note: Reloading the auditd config to set active settings requires the auditd service to be restarted, and may require a system reboot.
In immutable mode, unauthorized users cannot execute changes to the audit system to potentially hide malicious activity and then put the audit rules back. Users would most likely notice a system reboot and that could alert administrators of an attempt to make unauthorized audit changes.
Edit or create the file /etc/audit/rules.d/99-finalize.rules and add the line
-e 2
at the end of the file
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.17_Ensure_the_audit_configuration_is_immutable"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.869+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1475394_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>PASSED</l>
<l>audit rule: "-e 2"</l>
<l>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/99-finalize.rules"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*-e\s+2\b</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>PASSED</li>
<li>audit rule: "-e 2"</li>
<li>exists in: "/etc/audit/rules.d/99-finalize.rules"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack. Subcontrol: 6.2 Label: Activate audit logging Description: Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices. - Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack. Subcontrol: 6.3 Label: Enable Detailed Logging Description: Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements.
4.2 Configure Logging
Logging services should be configured to prevent information leaks and to aggregate logs on a remote server so that they can be reviewed in the event of a system compromise and ease log analysis.
4.2.1 Configure rsyslog
The rsyslog software is recommended as a replacement for the syslogd daemon and provides improvements over syslogd , such as connection-oriented (i.e. TCP) transmission of logs, the option to log to database formats, and the encryption of log data en route to a central logging server.
4.2.1.1 Ensure rsyslog is installed
The rsyslog software is a recommended replacement to the original syslogd daemon which provide improvements over syslogd , such as connection-oriented (i.e. TCP) transmission of logs, the option to log to database formats, and the encryption of log data en route to a central logging server.
The security enhancements of rsyslog such as connection-oriented (i.e. TCP) transmission of logs, the option to log to database formats, and the encryption of log data en route to a central logging server) justify installing and configuring the package.
Install rsyslog:
# apt install rsyslog
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.1_Ensure_rsyslog_is_installed"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.869+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456291"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456291">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456291"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'rsyslog' is installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>rsyslog</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>amd64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1ubuntu1.3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8.2001.0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:8.2001.0-1ubuntu1.3</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack. Subcontrol: 6.2 Label: Activate audit logging Description: Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices. - Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack. Subcontrol: 6.3 Label: Enable Detailed Logging Description: Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements.
4.2.1.2 Ensure rsyslog Service is enabled
Once the rsyslog package is installed it needs to be activated.
If the rsyslog service is not activated the system may default to the syslogd service or lack logging instead.
Run the following commands to enable rsyslog :
# systemctl --now enable rsyslog
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.2_Ensure_rsyslog_Service_is_enabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.869+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456296"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456296">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456296"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure standard service 'rsyslog' is enabled</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>rsyslog</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>enabled</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack. Subcontrol: 6.2 Label: Activate audit logging Description: Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices. - Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack. Subcontrol: 6.3 Label: Enable Detailed Logging Description: Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements.
4.2.1.3 Ensure logging is configured
The /etc/rsyslog.conf and /etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf files specifies rules for logging and which files are to be used to log certain classes of messages.
A great deal of important security-related information is sent via rsyslog (e.g., successful and failed su attempts, failed login attempts, root login attempts, etc.).
Edit the following lines in the /etc/rsyslog.conf and /etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf files as appropriate for your environment:
*.emerg :omusrmsg:*
auth,authpriv.* /var/log/auth.log
mail.* -/var/log/mail
mail.info -/var/log/mail.info
mail.warning -/var/log/mail.warn
mail.err /var/log/mail.err
news.crit -/var/log/news/news.crit
news.err -/var/log/news/news.err
news.notice -/var/log/news/news.notice
*.=warning;*.=err -/var/log/warn
*.crit /var/log/warn
*.*;mail.none;news.none -/var/log/messages
local0,local1.* -/var/log/localmessages
local2,local3.* -/var/log/localmessages
local4,local5.* -/var/log/localmessages
local6,local7.* -/var/log/localmessages
Run the following command to reload the rsyslog configuration:
# systemctl reload rsyslog
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.3_Ensure_logging_is_configured"
role="unscored"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.869+02:00"
version="1"
weight="0.0">
<xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">See the rsyslog.conf(5) man page for more information.</xccdf:ident>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: See the rsyslog.conf(5) man page for more information.
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack. Subcontrol: 6.2 Label: Activate audit logging Description: Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices. - Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack. Subcontrol: 6.3 Label: Enable Detailed Logging Description: Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements.
4.2.1.4 Ensure rsyslog default file permissions configured
rsyslog will create logfiles that do not already exist on the system. This setting controls what permissions will be applied to these newly created files.
It is important to ensure that log files have the correct permissions to ensure that sensitive data is archived and protected.
Edit the /etc/rsyslog.conf and /etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf files and set every instance of $FileCreateMode to 0640 or more restrictive:
$FileCreateMode 0640
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.4_Ensure_rsyslog_default_file_permissions_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.870+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">See the rsyslog.conf(5) man page for more information.</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456300"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456300">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456300"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/rsyslog.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*\$FileCreateMode\s+0[6420][40]0\s*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/rsyslog.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>rsyslog.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\s*\$FileCreateMode\s+0[6420][40]0\s*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>$FileCreateMode 0640</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>$FileCreateMode 0640</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456303"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456303">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456303"
check="at least one"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/rsyslog.d/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*\$FileCreateMode\s+0[6420][40]0\s*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>At least one</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: See the rsyslog.conf(5) man page for more information.
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
4.2.1.5 Ensure rsyslog is configured to send logs to a remote log host
The rsyslog utility supports the ability to send logs it gathers to a remote log host running syslogd(8) or to receive messages from remote hosts, reducing administrative overhead.
Storing log data on a remote host protects log integrity from local attacks. If an attacker gains root access on the local system, they could tamper with or remove log data that is stored on the local system
Note: Ensure that the selection of logfiles being sent follows local site policy
Edit the /etc/rsyslog.conf and /etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf files and add one of the following lines:
Newer syntax:
<files to sent to the remote log server> action(type="omfwd" target="<FQDN or ip of
loghost>" port="<port number>" protocol="tcp"
action.resumeRetryCount="<number of re-tries>"
queue.type="LinkedList" queue.size=<number
of messages to queue>")
Example:
*.* action(type="omfwd" target="192.168.2.100" port="514" protocol="tcp"
action.resumeRetryCount="100"
queue.type="LinkedList" queue.size="1000")
Older syntax:
*.* @@<FQDN or ip of loghost>
Example:
*.* @@192.168.2.100
Run the following command to reload the rsyslog configuration:
# systemctl restart rsyslog
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.5_Ensure_rsyslog_is_configured_to_send_logs_to_a_remote_log_host"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.870+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">See the rsyslog.conf(5) man page for more information.</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1484934"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1484934">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1484934"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/rsyslog.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*\*\.\*\s+\@</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1484935"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1484935">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1484935"
check="at least one"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/rsyslog.d/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*\*\.\*\s+\@</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>At least one</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1484936"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1484936">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1484936"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/rsyslog.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*([^#]+\s+)?action\(([^#]+\s+)?\btarget="?[^#"]+"?\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1484937"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1484937">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1484937"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/rsyslog.d/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*([^#]+\s+)?action\(([^#]+\s+)?\btarget=\"?[^#"]+\"?\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: See the rsyslog.conf(5) man page for more information.
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack. Subcontrol: 6.6 Label: Deploy SIEM or Log Analytic tool Description: Deploy Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) or log analytic tool for log correlation and analysis. - Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack. Subcontrol: 6.8 Label: Regularly Tune SIEM Description: On a regular basis, tune your SIEM system to better identify actionable events and decrease event noise.
4.2.1.6 Ensure remote rsyslog messages are only accepted on designated log hosts.
By default, rsyslog does not listen for log messages coming in from remote systems. The ModLoad tells rsyslog to load the imtcp.so module so it can listen over a network via TCP. The InputTCPServerRun option instructs rsyslogd to listen on the specified TCP port.
The guidance in the section ensures that remote log hosts are configured to only accept rsyslog data from hosts within the specified domain and that those systems that are not designed to be log hosts do not accept any remote rsyslog messages. This provides protection from spoofed log data and ensures that system administrators are reviewing reasonably complete syslog data in a central location.
Note: The $ModLoad imtcp line can have the .so extension added to the end of the module, or use the full path to the module
For hosts that are designated as log hosts, edit the /etc/rsyslog.conf file and un-comment or add the following lines:
$ModLoad imtcp
$InputTCPServerRun 514
For hosts that are not designated as log hosts, edit the /etc/rsyslog.conf file and comment or remove the following lines:
# $ModLoad imtcp
# $InputTCPServerRun 514
Run the following command to reload the rsyslogd configuration:
# systemctl restart rsyslog
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1.6_Ensure_remote_rsyslog_messages_are_only_accepted_on_designated_log_hosts."
role="unscored"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.870+02:00"
version="1"
weight="0.0">
<xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">See the rsyslog(8) man page for more information.</xccdf:ident>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: See the rsyslog(8) man page for more information.
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.2 Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
4.2.2 Configure journald
systemd-journald is a system service that collects and stores logging data. It creates and maintains structured, indexed journals based on logging information that is received from a variety of sources: Kernel log messages, via kmsg
Any changes made to the systemd-journald configuration will require a re-start of systemd-journald
4.2.2.1 Ensure journald is configured to send logs to rsyslog
Data from journald may be stored in volatile memory or persisted locally on the server. Utilities exist to accept remote export of journald logs, however, use of the rsyslog service provides a consistent means of log collection and export.
Notes:
- This recommendation assumes that recommendation 4.2.1.5, "Ensure rsyslog is configured to send logs to a remote log host" has been implemented.
- As noted in the journald man pages, journald logs may be exported to rsyslog either through the process mentioned here, or through a facility like systemd-journald.service . There are trade-offs involved in each implementation, where ForwardToSyslog will immediately capture all events (and forward to an external log server, if properly configured), but may not capture all boot-up activities. Mechanisms such as systemd-journald.service , on the other hand, will record bootup events, but may delay sending the information to rsyslog, leading to the potential for log manipulation prior to export. Be aware of the limitations of all tools employed to secure a system.
- The main configuration file /etc/systemd/journald.conf is read before any of the custom *.conf files. If there are custom configs present, they override the main configuration parameters
Storing log data on a remote host protects log integrity from local attacks. If an attacker gains root access on the local system, they could tamper with or remove log data that is stored on the local system.
Edit the /etc/systemd/journald.conf file and add the following line:
ForwardToSyslog=yes
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.2.1_Ensure_journald_is_configured_to_send_logs_to_rsyslog"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.871+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/5"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://github.com/konstruktoid/hardening/blob/master/systemd.adoc#etcsystemdjournaldconf</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456319"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456319">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456319"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/systemd/journald.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*(?i)ForwardToSyslog\s*=\s*yes(\s+#.*)*$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: https://github.com/konstruktoid/hardening/blob/master/systemd.adoc#etcsystemdjournaldconf
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack. Subcontrol: 6.5 Label: Central Log Management Description: Ensure that appropriate logs are being aggregated to a central log management system for analysis and review.
4.2.2.2 Ensure journald is configured to compress large log files
The journald system includes the capability of compressing overly large files to avoid filling up the system with logs or making the logs unmanageably large.
Note: The main configuration file /etc/systemd/journald.conf is read before any of the custom *.conf files. If there are custom configs present, they override the main configuration parameters
Uncompressed large files may unexpectedly fill a filesystem leading to resource unavailability. Compressing logs prior to write can prevent sudden, unexpected filesystem impacts.
Edit the /etc/systemd/journald.conf file and add the following line:
Compress=yes
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.2.2_Ensure_journald_is_configured_to_compress_large_log_files"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.871+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://github.com/konstruktoid/hardening/blob/master/systemd.adoc#etcsystemdjournaldconf</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456323"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456323">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456323"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/systemd/journald.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*(?i)Compress\s*=\s*yes(\s+#.*)*$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/systemd/journald.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/systemd</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>journald.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\s*(?i)Compress\s*=\s*yes(\s+#.*)*$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>Compress=yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>Compress=yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: https://github.com/konstruktoid/hardening/blob/master/systemd.adoc#etcsystemdjournaldconf
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack. Subcontrol: 6.4 Label: Ensure adequate storage for logs Description: Ensure that all systems that store logs have adequate storage space for the logs generated.
4.2.2.3 Ensure journald is configured to write logfiles to persistent disk
Data from journald may be stored in volatile memory or persisted locally on the server. Logs in memory will be lost upon a system reboot. By persisting logs to local disk on the server they are protected from loss.
Note: The main configuration file /etc/systemd/journald.conf is read before any of the custom *.conf files. If there are custom configs present, they override the main configuration parameters
Writing log data to disk will provide the ability to forensically reconstruct events which may have impacted the operations or security of a system even after a system crash or reboot.
Edit the /etc/systemd/journald.conf file and add the following line:
Storage=persistent
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.2.3_Ensure_journald_is_configured_to_write_logfiles_to_persistent_disk"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.871+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://github.com/konstruktoid/hardening/blob/master/systemd.adoc#etcsystemdjournaldconf</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456326"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456326">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456326"
check="at least one"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/systemd/journald.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*(?i)Storage\s*=\s*persistent(\s+#.*)*$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>At least one</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/systemd/journald.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/systemd</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>journald.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\s*(?i)Storage\s*=\s*persistent(\s+#.*)*$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>Storage=persistent
#Seal=yes
#SplitMode=uid
#SyncIntervalSec=5m
#RateLimitIntervalSec=30s
#RateLimitBurst=10000
#SystemMaxUse=
#SystemKeepFree=
#SystemMaxFileSize=
#SystemMaxFiles=100
#RuntimeMaxUse=
#RuntimeKeepFree=
#RuntimeMaxFileSize=
#RuntimeMaxFiles=100
#MaxRetentionSec=
#MaxFileSec=1month
#ForwardToSyslog=yes
#ForwardToKMsg=no
#ForwardToConsole=no
#ForwardToWall=yes
#TTYPath=/dev/console
#MaxLevelStore=debug
#MaxLevelSyslog=debug
#MaxLevelKMsg=notice
#MaxLevelConsole=info
#MaxLevelWall=emerg
#LineMax=48K
#ReadKMsg=yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>Storage=persistent
#Seal=yes
#SplitMode=uid
#SyncIntervalSec=5m
#RateLimitIntervalSec=30s
#RateLimitBurst=10000
#SystemMaxUse=
#SystemKeepFree=
#SystemMaxFileSize=
#SystemMaxFiles=100
#RuntimeMaxUse=
#RuntimeKeepFree=
#RuntimeMaxFileSize=
#RuntimeMaxFiles=100
#MaxRetentionSec=
#MaxFileSec=1month
#ForwardToSyslog=yes
#ForwardToKMsg=no
#ForwardToConsole=no
#ForwardToWall=yes
#TTYPath=/dev/console
#MaxLevelStore=debug
#MaxLevelSyslog=debug
#MaxLevelKMsg=notice
#MaxLevelConsole=info
#MaxLevelWall=emerg
#LineMax=48K
#ReadKMsg=yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>
#ReadKMsg=yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: https://github.com/konstruktoid/hardening/blob/master/systemd.adoc#etcsystemdjournaldconf
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack. Subcontrol: 6.2 Label: Activate audit logging Description: Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices. - Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack. Subcontrol: 6.3 Label: Enable Detailed Logging Description: Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements.
4.2.3 Ensure permissions on all logfiles are configured
Log files stored in /var/log/ contain logged information from many services on the system, or on log hosts others as well.
Note: You may also need to change the configuration for your logging software or services for any logs that had incorrect permissions.
It is important to ensure that log files have the correct permissions to ensure that sensitive data is archived and protected.
Run the following commands to set permissions on all existing log files:
find /var/log -type f -exec chmod g-wx,o-rwx "{}" + -o -type d -exec chmod g-w,o-rwx
"{}" +
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.3_Ensure_permissions_on_all_logfiles_are_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.871+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/13"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456329"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456329">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456329"
check="all"
check_existence="any_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure any file(s) named .* in /var/log exists and does not have permissions ----wxrwx</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>Any Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log/cloud-init-output.log</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>cloud-init-output.log</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>regular</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676806398</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676828548</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676806422</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>4631</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log/ufw.log</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ufw.log</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>regular</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>104</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676810260</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676829427</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676829427</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>6729</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log/kern.log</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>kern.log</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>regular</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>104</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676806404</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676829427</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676829427</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>68165</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log/ubuntu-advantage-daemon.log</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ubuntu-advantage-daemon.log</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>regular</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676806421</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676828548</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676806421</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>324</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log/alternatives.log</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>alternatives.log</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>regular</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676806576</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676828548</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676809226</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1069</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log/lastlog</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>lastlog</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>regular</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>43</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676828054</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676828548</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676828054</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>292292</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log/wtmp</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>wtmp</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>regular</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>43</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676829402</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676828548</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676828054</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>3456</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log/dmesg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>dmesg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>regular</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676806410</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676828548</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676806417</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>47629</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log/ubuntu-advantage.log</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ubuntu-advantage.log</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>regular</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676806518</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676828548</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676806518</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1254</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log/ubuntu-advantage-timer.log</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ubuntu-advantage-timer.log</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>regular</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676807195</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676828548</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676807196</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>230</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log/cloud-init.log</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>cloud-init.log</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>regular</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>104</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676806398</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676828548</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676806422</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>114556</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log/sudo.log</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>sudo.log</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>regular</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676829652</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676829799</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676829799</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>117566</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log/syslog</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>syslog</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>regular</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>104</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676806404</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676829695</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676829695</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>271110</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log/auth.log</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>auth.log</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>regular</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>104</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676806411</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676829799</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676829799</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>818587</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log/btmp</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>btmp</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>regular</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>43</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676324367</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676828731</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676828731</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>171264</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log/dpkg.log</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>dpkg.log</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>regular</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676324539</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676828548</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676810476</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>48899</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>.*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>null</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>null</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>null</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>.*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>null</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>null</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>null</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>.*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>null</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>null</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>null</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log/unattended-upgrades/unattended-upgrades-shutdown.log</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log/unattended-upgrades</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>unattended-upgrades-shutdown.log</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>regular</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676806417</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676828548</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676806417</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>.*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>null</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>null</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>null</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log/journal/d102663f2232e0220c6861a5e7952987/user-1000.journal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log/journal/d102663f2232e0220c6861a5e7952987</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>user-1000.journal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>regular</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676829791</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676829791</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676829791</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8388608</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>OBFUSCATED [CONNECTION STRING]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log/journal/d102663f2232e0220c6861a5e7952987</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>system@11326635b60e43be9c3338c2529fc75e-0000000000000001-0005f50be9799804.journal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>regular</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676829778</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676829791</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676829791</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>25165824</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log/journal/d102663f2232e0220c6861a5e7952987/system.journal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log/journal/d102663f2232e0220c6861a5e7952987</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>system.journal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>regular</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676829791</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676829803</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676829803</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8388608</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>OBFUSCATED [CONNECTION STRING]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log/journal/d102663f2232e0220c6861a5e7952987</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>user-1000@8ca405d7dca34a88b39c782b4518e8ba-000000000000062a-0005f50befb08b34.journal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>regular</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676806903</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676829791</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676828166</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8388608</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>.*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>null</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>null</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>null</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>.*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>null</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>null</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>null</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log/landscape/sysinfo.log</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log/landscape</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>sysinfo.log</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>regular</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676806498</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676828548</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676806498</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log/audit/audit.log</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log/audit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>audit.log</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>regular</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676810474</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676829805</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676829805</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1455544</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log/apt/history.log</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log/apt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>history.log</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>regular</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676324539</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676828548</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676810476</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>5457</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log/apt/term.log</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log/apt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>term.log</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>regular</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676324539</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676828548</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676810476</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>55244</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log/apt/eipp.log.xz</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/log/apt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>eipp.log.xz</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>regular</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676810468</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676828548</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676810469</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>22452</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 13: Data Protection: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to prevent data exfiltration, mitigate the effects of exfiltrated data, and ensure the privacy and integrity of sensitive information.
4.3 Ensure logrotate is configured
The system includes the capability of rotating log files regularly to avoid filling up the system with logs or making the logs unmanageably large. The file /etc/logrotate.d/rsyslog is the configuration file used to rotate log files created by rsyslog .
Note: If no maxage setting is set for logrotate a situation can occur where logrotate is interrupted and fails to delete rotated logfiles. It is recommended to set this to a value greater than the longest any log file should exist on your system to ensure that any such logfile is removed but standard rotation settings are not overridden.
By keeping the log files smaller and more manageable, a system administrator can easily archive these files to another system and spend less time looking through inordinately large log files.
Edit /etc/logrotate.conf and /etc/logrotate.d/rsyslog to ensure logs are rotated according to site policy.
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.3_Ensure_logrotate_is_configured"
role="unscored"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.871+02:00"
version="1"
weight="0.0">
<xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack. Subcontrol: 6.4 Label: Ensure adequate storage for logs Description: Ensure that all systems that store logs have adequate storage space for the logs generated.
4.4 Ensure logrotate assigns appropriate permissions
Log files contain logged information from many services on the system, or on log hosts others as well.
It is important to ensure that log files have the correct permissions to ensure that sensitive data is archived and protected.
Edit /etc/logrotate.conf and update the create line to read 0640 or more restrictive, following local site policy
Example:
create 0640 root utmp
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.4_Ensure_logrotate_assigns_appropriate_permissions"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.871+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1533193"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1533193">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1533193"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/logrotate.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*(?i)create\s+[0-9]?(([7-9][0-9][0-9])|([0-7][5-7][0-7])|([0-7][0-7][^0]))\b.*$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1533194"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1533194">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1533194"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/logrotate.d/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*(?i)create\s+((7[0-7][0-7])|([0-7][^04][0-7])|([0-7][0-7][^0]))(\s+.*)?$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/logrotate.d/dpkg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/logrotate.d</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>dpkg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\s*(?i)create\s+((7[0-7][0-7])|([0-7][^04][0-7])|([0-7][0-7][^0]))(\s+.*)?$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td> create 644 root root</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td> create 644 root root</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>644</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>644</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td> root root</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/logrotate.d/alternatives</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/logrotate.d</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>alternatives</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\s*(?i)create\s+((7[0-7][0-7])|([0-7][^04][0-7])|([0-7][0-7][^0]))(\s+.*)?$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td> create 644 root root</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td> create 644 root root</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>644</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>644</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td> root root</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification. Subcontrol: 14.6 Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
5 Access, Authentication and Authorization
5.1 Configure time-based job schedulers
cron is a time-based job scheduler used to schedule jobs, commands or shell scripts, to run periodically at fixed times, dates, or intervals.
at provides the ability to execute a command or shell script at a specified date and hour, or after a given interval of time.
Notes:
- Other methods exist for scheduling jobs, such as systemd timers . If another method is used, it should be secured in accordance with local site policy
- systemd timers
are systemd unit files whose name ends in
.timer
that control
.service
files or events
- Timers can be used as an alternative to cron and at
- Timers have built-in support for calendar time events, monotonic time events, and can be run asynchronously
- If cron and at are not installed, this section can be skipped
5.1.1 Ensure cron daemon is enabled and running
The cron daemon is used to execute batch jobs on the system.
Note: Other methods, such as systemd timers , exist for scheduling jobs. If another method is used, cron should be removed, and the alternate method should be secured in accordance with local site policy
While there may not be user jobs that need to be run on the system, the system does have maintenance jobs that may include security monitoring that have to run, and cron is used to execute them.
Run the following command to enable and start cron :
# systemctl --now enable cron
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1_Ensure_cron_daemon_is_enabled_and_running"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.872+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1456028_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/service_enabled_running.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/service_enabled_running.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\service_enabled_running.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>PASSED:</l>
<l>Service cron is enabled and active</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">cron</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/service_enabled_running.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>PASSED:</li>
<li>Service cron is enabled and active</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456032"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456032">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456032"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'cron' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>cron</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>amd64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>136ubuntu1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>3.0pl1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:3.0pl1-136ubuntu1</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
5.1.2 Ensure permissions on /etc/crontab are configured
The /etc/crontab file is used by cron to control its own jobs. The commands in this item make sure that root is the user and group owner of the file and that only the owner can access the file.
Note: Other methods, such as systemd timers , exist for scheduling jobs. If another method is used, cron should be removed, and the alternate method should be secured in accordance with local site policy
This file contains information on what system jobs are run by cron. Write access to these files could provide unprivileged users with the ability to elevate their privileges. Read access to these files could provide users with the ability to gain insight on system jobs that run on the system and could provide them a way to gain unauthorized privileged access.
Run the following commands to set ownership and permissions on /etc/crontab :
# chown root:root /etc/crontab
# chmod og-rwx /etc/crontab
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.2_Ensure_permissions_on_etccrontab_are_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.872+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456036"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456036">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456036"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/crontab exists and is owned by 0:0 and does not have permissions ---rwxrwx</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/crontab</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>crontab</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>regular</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676806404</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676828614</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1581626682</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1042</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456040"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456040">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456040"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'cron' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>cron</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>amd64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>136ubuntu1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>3.0pl1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:3.0pl1-136ubuntu1</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification. Subcontrol: 14.6 Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
5.1.3 Ensure permissions on /etc/cron.hourly are configured
This directory contains system cron jobs that need to run on an hourly basis. The files in this directory cannot be manipulated by the crontab command, but are instead edited by system administrators using a text editor. The commands below restrict read/write and search access to user and group root, preventing regular users from accessing this directory.
Note: Other methods, such as systemd timers , exist for scheduling jobs. If another method is used, cron should be removed, and the alternate method should be secured in accordance with local site policy
Granting write access to this directory for non-privileged users could provide them the means for gaining unauthorized elevated privileges. Granting read access to this directory could give an unprivileged user insight in how to gain elevated privileges or circumvent auditing controls.
Run the following commands to set ownership and permissions on the /etc/cron.hourly directory:
# chown root:root /etc/cron.hourly/
# chmod og-rwx /etc/cron.hourly/
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.3_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.hourly_are_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.872+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456045"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456045">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456045"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/cron.hourly/ exists and is owned by 0:0 and does not have permissions ---rwxrwx</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/cron.hourly</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>directory</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676829732</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676828636</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676324384</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>4096</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456049"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456049">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456049"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'cron' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>cron</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>amd64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>136ubuntu1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>3.0pl1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:3.0pl1-136ubuntu1</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification. Subcontrol: 14.6 Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
5.1.4 Ensure permissions on /etc/cron.daily are configured
The /etc/cron.daily directory contains system cron jobs that need to run on a daily basis. The files in this directory cannot be manipulated by the crontab command, but are instead edited by system administrators using a text editor. The commands below restrict read/write and search access to user and group root, preventing regular users from accessing this directory.
Note: Other methods, such as systemd timers , exist for scheduling jobs. If another method is used, cron should be removed, and the alternate method should be secured in accordance with local site policy
Granting write access to this directory for non-privileged users could provide them the means for gaining unauthorized elevated privileges. Granting read access to this directory could give an unprivileged user insight in how to gain elevated privileges or circumvent auditing controls.
Run the following commands to set ownership and permissions on the /etc/cron.daily directory:
# chown root:root /etc/cron.daily/
# chmod og-rwx /etc/cron.daily/
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.4_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.daily_are_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.872+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456054"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456054">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456054"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/cron.daily/ exists and is owned by 0:0 and does not have permissions ---rwxrwx</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/cron.daily</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>directory</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676829733</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676828653</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676808099</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>4096</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456057"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456057">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456057"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'cron' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>cron</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>amd64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>136ubuntu1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>3.0pl1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:3.0pl1-136ubuntu1</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification. Subcontrol: 14.6 Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
5.1.5 Ensure permissions on /etc/cron.weekly are configured
The /etc/cron.weekly directory contains system cron jobs that need to run on a weekly basis. The files in this directory cannot be manipulated by the crontab command, but are instead edited by system administrators using a text editor. The commands below restrict read/write and search access to user and group root, preventing regular users from accessing this directory.
Note: Other methods, such as systemd timers , exist for scheduling jobs. If another method is used, cron should be removed, and the alternate method should be secured in accordance with local site policy
Granting write access to this directory for non-privileged users could provide them the means for gaining unauthorized elevated privileges. Granting read access to this directory could give an unprivileged user insight in how to gain elevated privileges or circumvent auditing controls.
Run the following commands to set ownership and permissions on the /etc/cron.weekly directory:
# chown root:root /etc/cron.weekly/
# chmod og-rwx /etc/cron.weekly/
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.5_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.weekly_are_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.873+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456063"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456063">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456063"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/cron.weekly/ exists and is owned by 0:0 and does not have permissions ---rwxrwx</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/cron.weekly</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>directory</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676829736</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676828670</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676324482</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>4096</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456068"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456068">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456068"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'cron' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>cron</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>amd64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>136ubuntu1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>3.0pl1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:3.0pl1-136ubuntu1</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification. Subcontrol: 14.6 Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
5.1.6 Ensure permissions on /etc/cron.monthly are configured
The /etc/cron.monthly directory contains system cron jobs that need to run on a monthly basis. The files in this directory cannot be manipulated by the crontab command, but are instead edited by system administrators using a text editor. The commands below restrict read/write and search access to user and group root, preventing regular users from accessing this directory.
Note: Other methods, such as systemd timers , exist for scheduling jobs. If another method is used, cron should be removed, and the alternate method should be secured in accordance with local site policy
Granting write access to this directory for non-privileged users could provide them the means for gaining unauthorized elevated privileges. Granting read access to this directory could give an unprivileged user insight in how to gain elevated privileges or circumvent auditing controls.
Run the following commands to set ownership and permissions on the /etc/cron.monthly directory:
# chown root:root /etc/cron.monthly/
# chmod og-rwx /etc/cron.monthly/
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.6_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.monthly_are_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.873+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456073"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456073">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456073"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/cron.monthly/ exists and is owned by 0:0 and does not have permissions ---rwxrwx</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/cron.monthly</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>directory</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676829737</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676828687</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676324384</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>4096</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456077"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456077">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456077"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'cron' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>cron</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>amd64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>136ubuntu1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>3.0pl1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:3.0pl1-136ubuntu1</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification. Subcontrol: 14.6 Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
5.1.7 Ensure permissions on /etc/cron.d are configured
The /etc/cron.d directory contains system cron jobs that need to run in a similar manner to the hourly, daily weekly and monthly jobs from /etc/crontab , but require more granular control as to when they run. The files in this directory cannot be manipulated by the crontab command, but are instead edited by system administrators using a text editor. The commands below restrict read/write and search access to user and group root, preventing regular users from accessing this directory.
Note: Other methods, such as systemd timers , exist for scheduling jobs. If another method is used, cron should be removed, and the alternate method should be secured in accordance with local site policy
Granting write access to this directory for non-privileged users could provide them the means for gaining unauthorized elevated privileges. Granting read access to this directory could give an unprivileged user insight in how to gain elevated privileges or circumvent auditing controls.
Run the following commands to set ownership and permissions on the /etc/cron.d directory:
# chown root:root /etc/cron.d/
# chmod og-rwx /etc/cron.d/
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.7_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.d_are_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.873+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456083"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456083">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456083"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/cron.d/ exists and is owned by 0:0 and does not have permissions ---rwxrwx</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/cron.d</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>directory</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676829732</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676828789</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676324456</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>4096</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456086"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456086">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456086"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'cron' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>cron</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>amd64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>136ubuntu1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>3.0pl1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:3.0pl1-136ubuntu1</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification. Subcontrol: 14.6 Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
5.1.8 Ensure cron is restricted to authorized users
Configure /etc/cron.allow to allow specific users to use this service. If /etc/cron.allow does not exist, then /etc/cron.deny is checked. Any user not specifically defined in this file is allowed to use cron. By removing the file, only users in /etc/cron.allow are allowed to use cron.
Notes:
- Other methods, such as systemd timers , exist for scheduling jobs. If another method is used, cron should be removed, and the alternate method should be secured in accordance with local site policy
- Even though a given user is not listed in cron.allow , cron jobs can still be run as that user
- The cron.allow file only controls administrative access to the crontab command for scheduling and modifying cron jobs
On many systems, only the system administrator is authorized to schedule cron jobs. Using the cron.allow file to control who can run cron jobs enforces this policy. It is easier to manage an allow list than a deny list. In a deny list, you could potentially add a user ID to the system and forget to add it to the deny files.
Run the following commands to remove /etc/cron.deny :
# rm /etc/cron.deny
Run the following command to create /etc/cron.allow
# touch /etc/cron.allow
Run the following commands to set permissions and ownership for /etc/cron.allow :
# chmod g-wx,o-rwx /etc/cron.allow
# chown root:root /etc/cron.allow
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.8_Ensure_cron_is_restricted_to_authorized_users"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.874+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456091"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456091">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456091"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/cron.allow exists and is owned by 0:0 and does not have permissions ----wxrwx</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/cron.allow</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>cron.allow</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>regular</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676828810</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676828825</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676828810</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456096"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456096">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456096"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/cron.deny exists and unknown test</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456100"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456100">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456100"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'cron' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>cron</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>amd64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>136ubuntu1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>3.0pl1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:3.0pl1-136ubuntu1</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification. Subcontrol: 14.6 Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
5.1.9 Ensure at is restricted to authorized users
Configure /etc/at.allow to allow specific users to use this service. If /etc/at.allow does not exist, then /etc/at.deny is checked. Any user not specifically defined in this file is allowed to use at . By removing the file, only users in /etc/at.allow are allowed to use at .
Note: Other methods, such as systemd timers , exist for scheduling jobs. If another method is used, at should be removed, and the alternate method should be secured in accordance with local site policy
On many systems, only the system administrator is authorized to schedule at jobs. Using the at.allow file to control who can run at jobs enforces this policy. It is easier to manage an allow list than a deny list. In a deny list, you could potentially add a user ID to the system and forget to add it to the deny files.
Run the following commands to remove /etc/at.deny :
# rm /etc/at.deny
Run the following command to create /etc/at.allow
# touch /etc/at.allow
Run the following commands to set permissions and ownership for /etc/at.allow :
# chmod g-wx,o-rwx /etc/at.allow
# chown root:root /etc/at.allow
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.9_Ensure_at_is_restricted_to_authorized_users"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.874+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456105"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456105">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456105"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/at.allow exists and is owned by 0:0 and does not have permissions ----wxrwx</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/at.allow</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>at.allow</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>regular</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676828877</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676828892</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676828877</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456110"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456110">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456110"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/at.deny exists and unknown test</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456114"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456114">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456114"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'at' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>at</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>amd64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1ubuntu1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>3.1.23</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:3.1.23-1ubuntu1</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification. Subcontrol: 14.6 Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
5.2 Configure sudo
sudo allows a permitted user to execute a command as the superuser or another user, as specified by the security policy. The invoking user's real (not effective) user ID is used to determine the user name with which to query the security policy.
sudo supports a plugin architecture for security policies and input/output logging. Third parties can develop and distribute their own policy and I/O logging plugins to work seamlessly with the sudo front end. The default security policy is sudoers, which is configured via the file /etc/sudoers.
5.2.1 Ensure sudo is installed
sudo allows a permitted user to execute a command as the superuser or another user, as specified by the security policy. The invoking user's real (not effective) user ID is used to determine the user name with which to query the security policy.
Note: Use the sudo-ldap package if you need LDAP support for sudoers
sudo supports a plugin architecture for security policies and input/output logging. Third parties can develop and distribute their own policy and I/O logging plugins to work seamlessly with the sudo front end. The default security policy is sudoers, which is configured via the file /etc/sudoers.
The security policy determines what privileges, if any, a user has to run sudo. The policy may require that users authenticate themselves with a password or another authentication mechanism. If authentication is required, sudo will exit if the user's password is not entered within a configurable time limit. This limit is policy-specific.
Install sudo using the following command.
# apt install sudo
OR
# apt install sudo-ldap
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.1_Ensure_sudo_is_installed"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.875+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">SUDO(8)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">http://www.sudo.ws/</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456122"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456122">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456122"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'sudo' is installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>sudo</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>amd64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1ubuntu1.4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1.8.31</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:1.8.31-1ubuntu1.4</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456123"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456123">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456123"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'sudo-ldap' is installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: SUDO(8)
- URL: http://www.sudo.ws/
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment, and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. Subcontrol: 4.3 Label: Ensure the Use of Dedicated Administrative Accounts Description: Ensure that all users with administrative account access use a dedicated or secondary account for elevated activities. This account should only be used for administrative activities and not internet browsing, email, or similar activities.
5.2.2 Ensure sudo commands use pty
sudo can be configured to run only from a pseudo-pty
Note: visudo edits the sudoers file in a safe fashion, analogous to vipw(8). visudo locks the sudoers file against multiple simultaneous edits, provides basic sanity checks, and checks or parse errors. If the sudoers file is currently being edited you will receive a message to try again later.
Attackers can run a malicious program using sudo, which would again fork a background process that remains even when the main program has finished executing.
Edit the file /etc/sudoers or a file in /etc/sudoers.d/ with visudo -f and add the following line:
Defaults use_pty
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.2_Ensure_sudo_commands_use_pty"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.875+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">SUDO(8)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456129"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456129">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456129"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/sudoers exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\s*Defaults\s+([^#]+,\s*)?use_pty(,\s+\S+\s*)*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/sudoers</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>sudoers</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^(?i)\s*Defaults\s+([^#]+,\s*)?use_pty(,\s+\S+\s*)*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>Defaults use_pty</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>Defaults use_pty</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456133"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456133">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456133"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/sudoers.d/ exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\s*Defaults\s+([^#]+,\s*)?use_pty(,\s+\S+\s*)*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: SUDO(8)
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment, and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. Subcontrol: 4.3 Label: Ensure the Use of Dedicated Administrative Accounts Description: Ensure that all users with administrative account access use a dedicated or secondary account for elevated activities. This account should only be used for administrative activities and not internet browsing, email, or similar activities.
5.2.3 Ensure sudo log file exists
sudo can use a custom log file.
Note: visudo edits the sudoers file in a safe fashion, analogous to vipw(8). visudo locks the sudoers file against multiple simultaneous edits, provides basic sanity checks, and checks or parse errors. If the sudoers file is currently being edited you will receive a message to try again later.
A sudo log file simplifies auditing of sudo commands
Edit the file /etc/sudoers or a file in /etc/sudoers.d/ with visudo -f and add the following line: and add the following line:
Defaults logfile="<PATH TO CUSTOM LOG FILE>"
Example:
Defaults logfile="/var/log/sudo.log"
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3_Ensure_sudo_log_file_exists"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.875+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456140"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456140">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456140"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/sudoers exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\s*Defaults\s+([^#]+,\s*)?logfile=(")?\S+(")?(,\s+\S+\s*)*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/sudoers</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>sudoers</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^(?i)\s*Defaults\s+([^#]+,\s*)?logfile=(")?\S+(")?(,\s+\S+\s*)*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>Defaults logfile="/var/log/sudo.log"
# Host alias specification</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>Defaults logfile="/var/log/sudo.log"
# Host alias specification</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>"</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>
# Host alias specification</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456144"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456144">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456144"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/sudoers.d/ exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\s*Defaults\s+([^#]+,\s*)?logfile=(")?\S+(")?(,\s+\S+\s*)*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack. Subcontrol: 6.3 Label: Enable Detailed Logging Description: Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements.
5.3 Configure SSH Server
SSH is a secure, encrypted replacement for common login services such as telnet , ftp , rlogin , rsh , and rcp . It is strongly recommended that sites abandon older clear-text login protocols and use SSH to prevent session hijacking and sniffing of sensitive data off the network.
sshd reads configuration data from /etc/ssh/sshd_config (or the file specified with -f on the command line). The file contains keyword-argument pairs, one per line. For each keyword, the first obtained value will be used. Lines starting with ‘#’ and empty lines are interpreted as comments. Arguments may optionally be enclosed in double quotes (") in order to represent arguments containing spaces.
Notes:
- The recommendations in this section are based on and tested against openSSH Server version 8.2p1. If another version of SSH Server is in use on the system, please confirm these settings with the verdors documentation
- The recommendations in this section only apply if the SSH daemon is installed on the system, if remote access is not required the SSH daemon can be removed and this section skipped .
- /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/*.conf files are included at the start of the configuration file, so options set there will override those in /etc/ssh/sshd_config .
-
the Debian openssh-server package sets several options as standard in
/etc/ssh/sshd_config
which are not the default in sshd(8):
- Include /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/*.conf
- ChallengeResponseAuthentication no
- X11Forwarding yes
- PrintMotd no
- AcceptEnv LANG LC_*
- Subsystem sftp /usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server
- UsePAM yes
- Once all configuration changes have been made to /etc/ssh/sshd_config , the sshd configuration must be reloaded.
- Run the following command to reload the sshd configuration:
# service sshd reload
5.3.1 Ensure permissions on /etc/ssh/sshd_config are configured
The /etc/ssh/sshd_config file contains configuration specifications for sshd . The command below sets the owner and group of the file to root.
The /etc/ssh/sshd_config file needs to be protected from unauthorized changes by non-privileged users.
Run the following commands to set ownership and permissions on /etc/ssh/sshd_config :
# chown root:root /etc/ssh/sshd_config
# chmod og-rwx /etc/ssh/sshd_config
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.1_Ensure_permissions_on_etcsshsshd_config_are_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.876+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469502"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469502">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1469502"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and is owned by 0:0 and does not have permissions ---rwxrwx</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/ssh/sshd_config</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/ssh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>sshd_config</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>regular</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676829032</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676829262</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676829262</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>3381</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469503"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469503">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1469503"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>amd64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>4ubuntu0.5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8.2p1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification. Subcontrol: 14.6 Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
5.3.2 Ensure permissions on SSH private host key files are configured
An SSH private key is one of two files used in SSH public key authentication. In this authentication method, The possession of the private key is proof of identity. Only a private key that corresponds to a public key will be able to authenticate successfully. The private keys need to be stored and handled carefully, and no copies of the private key should be distributed.
If an unauthorized user obtains the private SSH host key file, the host could be impersonated
Run the following commands to set permissions, ownership, and group on the private SSH host key files:
# find /etc/ssh -xdev -type f -name 'ssh_host_*_key' -exec chown root:root {} \;
# find /etc/ssh -xdev -type f -name 'ssh_host_*_key' -exec chmod u-x,go-rwx {} \;
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.2_Ensure_permissions_on_SSH_private_host_key_files_are_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.876+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469506"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469506">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1469506"
check="all"
check_existence="any_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure any file(s) named ^(ssh\_host\_.*\_key)$ in /etc/ssh exists and is owned by 0:0 and does not have permissions --xrwxrwx</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>Any Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/ssh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ssh_host_ed25519_key</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>regular</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676806417</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676806402</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676806402</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>399</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/ssh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ssh_host_rsa_key</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>regular</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676806417</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676806402</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676806402</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>2602</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/ssh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ssh_host_ecdsa_key</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>regular</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676806417</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676806402</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676806402</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>505</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/ssh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ssh_host_dsa_key</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>regular</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676808155</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676806402</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676806402</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1381</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469507"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469507">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1469507"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>amd64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>4ubuntu0.5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8.2p1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification. Subcontrol: 14.6 Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
5.3.3 Ensure permissions on SSH public host key files are configured
An SSH public key is one of two files used in SSH public key authentication. In this authentication method, a public key is a key that can be used for verifying digital signatures generated using a corresponding private key. Only a public key that corresponds to a private key will be able to authenticate successfully.
If a public host key file is modified by an unauthorized user, the SSH service may be compromised.
Run the following commands to set permissions and ownership on the SSH host public key files
# find /etc/ssh -xdev -type f -name 'ssh_host_*_key.pub' -exec chmod u-x,go-wx {}
\;
# find /etc/ssh -xdev -type f -name 'ssh_host_*_key.pub' -exec chown root:root {}
\;
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.3_Ensure_permissions_on_SSH_public_host_key_files_are_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.876+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469510"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469510">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1469510"
check="all"
check_existence="all_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure all {else} no file(s) named ^(ssh\_host\_.*\_key\.pub)$ in /etc/ssh exists and is owned by 0:0 and does not have permissions ----wx-wx</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>All Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/ssh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ssh_host_rsa_key.pub</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>regular</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676806402</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676806402</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676806402</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>567</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/ssh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ssh_host_dsa_key.pub</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>regular</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676806422</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676806402</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676806402</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>603</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/ssh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>regular</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676806402</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676806402</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676806402</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>175</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/ssh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>regular</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676806402</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676806402</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676806402</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>95</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469511"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469511">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1469511"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>amd64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>4ubuntu0.5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8.2p1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification. Subcontrol: 14.6 Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
5.3.4 Ensure SSH access is limited
There are several options available to limit which users and group can access the system via SSH. It is recommended that at least one of the following options be leveraged:
- AllowUsers
:
- The AllowUsers variable gives the system administrator the option of allowing specific users to ssh into the system. The list consists of space separated user names. Numeric user IDs are not recognized with this variable. If a system administrator wants to restrict user access further by only allowing the allowed users to log in from a particular host, the entry can be specified in the form of user@host.
- AllowGroups
:
- The AllowGroups variable gives the system administrator the option of allowing specific groups of users to ssh into the system. The list consists of space separated group names. Numeric group IDs are not recognized with this variable.
- DenyUsers
:
- The DenyUsers variable gives the system administrator the option of denying specific users to ssh into the system. The list consists of space separated user names. Numeric user IDs are not recognized with this variable. If a system administrator wants to restrict user access further by specifically denying a user's access from a particular host, the entry can be specified in the form of user@host.
- DenyGroups
:
- The DenyGroups variable gives the system administrator the option of denying specific groups of users to ssh into the system. The list consists of space separated group names. Numeric group IDs are not recognized with this variable.
Restricting which users can remotely access the system via SSH will help ensure that only authorized users access the system.
Edit /etc/ssh/sshd_config or a file in /ssh/sshd_config.d/ ending in .conf to set one or more of the parameter as follows:
AllowUsers <userlist>
OR
AllowGroups <grouplist>
OR
DenyUsers <userlist>
OR
DenyGroups <grouplist>
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.4_Ensure_SSH_access_is_limited"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.877+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD_CONFIG(5)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1469518_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\sshd_running_config.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
<l> - check sshd parameter: "allowusers|allowgroups|denyusers|denygroups"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^(allowusers|allowgroups|denyusers|denygroups)\s+(\S+).*$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/sshd_running_config.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
<li> - check sshd parameter: "allowusers|allowgroups|denyusers|denygroups"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469519"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469519">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1469519"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>amd64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>4ubuntu0.5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8.2p1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: SSHD_CONFIG(5)
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment, and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. Subcontrol: 4.3 Label: Ensure the Use of Dedicated Administrative Accounts Description: Ensure that all users with administrative account access use a dedicated or secondary account for elevated activities. This account should only be used for administrative activities and not internet browsing, email, or similar activities.
5.3.5 Ensure SSH LogLevel is appropriate
INFO level is the basic level that only records login activity of SSH users. In many situations, such as Incident Response, it is important to determine when a particular user was active on a system. The logout record can eliminate those users who disconnected, which helps narrow the field.
VERBOSE level specifies that login and logout activity as well as the key fingerprint for any SSH key used for login will be logged. This information is important for SSH key management, especially in legacy environments.
SSH provides several logging levels with varying amounts of verbosity. DEBUG is specifically not recommended other than strictly for debugging SSH communications since it provides so much data that it is difficult to identify important security information.
Edit /etc/ssh/sshd_config or a file in /ssh/sshd_config.d/ ending in .conf to set the parameter as follows:
LogLevel VERBOSE
OR
LogLevel INFO
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.5_Ensure_SSH_LogLevel_is_appropriate"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.877+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://www.ssh.com/ssh/sshd_config/</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1469520_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\sshd_running_config.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - sshd parameter: "loglevel INFO"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*loglevel\s*(VERBOSE|INFO)\s*$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/sshd_running_config.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - sshd parameter: "loglevel INFO"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469521"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469521">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1469521"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\s*LogLevel\s+(QUIET|FATAL|ERROR|DEBUG|DEBUG1|DEBUG2|DEBUG3)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469685"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469685">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1469685"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\s*LogLevel\s+(QUIET|FATAL|ERROR|DEBUG|DEBUG1|DEBUG2|DEBUG3)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469522"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469522">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1469522"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>amd64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>4ubuntu0.5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8.2p1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: https://www.ssh.com/ssh/sshd_config/
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack. Subcontrol: 6.2 Label: Activate audit logging Description: Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices. - Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack. Subcontrol: 6.3 Label: Enable Detailed Logging Description: Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements.
5.3.6 Ensure SSH X11 forwarding is disabled
The X11Forwarding parameter provides the ability to tunnel X11 traffic through an existing SSH shell session to enable remote graphic connections.
Disable X11 forwarding unless there is an operational requirement to use X11 applications directly. There is a small risk that the remote X11 servers of users who are logged in via SSH with X11 forwarding could be compromised by other users on the X11 server. Note that even if X11 forwarding is disabled, users can always install their own forwarders.
Edit /etc/ssh/sshd_config or a file in /ssh/sshd_config.d/ ending in .conf to set the parameter as follows:
X11Forwarding no
Impact:
X11 programs on the server will not be able to be forwarded to a ssh-client display.
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.6_Ensure_SSH_X11_forwarding_is_disabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.877+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD_CONFIG(5)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1469523_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\sshd_running_config.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - sshd parameter: "x11forwarding no"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^x11forwarding\s*no\b</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/sshd_running_config.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - sshd parameter: "x11forwarding no"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469525"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469525">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1469525"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\s*x11forwarding\s+yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469689"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469689">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1469689"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469524"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469524">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1469524"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>amd64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>4ubuntu0.5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8.2p1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: SSHD_CONFIG(5)
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.2 Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
5.3.7 Ensure SSH MaxAuthTries is set to 4 or less
The MaxAuthTries parameter specifies the maximum number of authentication attempts permitted per connection. When the login failure count reaches half the number, error messages will be written to the syslog file detailing the login failure.
Setting the MaxAuthTries parameter to a low number will minimize the risk of successful brute force attacks to the SSH server. While the recommended setting is 4, set the number based on site policy.
Edit /etc/ssh/sshd_config or a file in /ssh/sshd_config.d/ ending in .conf to set the parameter as follows:
MaxAuthTries 4
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.7_Ensure_SSH_MaxAuthTries_is_set_to_4_or_less"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.877+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/13"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD_CONFIG(5)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1469526_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\sshd_running_config.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - sshd parameter: "maxauthtries 4"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*maxauthtries\s*[0-4]\b</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/sshd_running_config.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - sshd parameter: "maxauthtries 4"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469528"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469528">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1469528"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\s*maxauthtries\s+([5-9]|[1-9][0-9]+)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469527"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469527">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1469527"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>amd64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>4ubuntu0.5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8.2p1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: SSHD_CONFIG(5)
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation, use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage them. Subcontrol: 16.13 Label: Alert on Account Login Behavior Deviation Description: Alert when users deviate from normal login behavior, such as time-of-day, workstation location and duration.
5.3.8 Ensure SSH IgnoreRhosts is enabled
The IgnoreRhosts parameter specifies that .rhosts and .shosts files will not be used in RhostsRSAAuthentication or HostbasedAuthentication .
Setting this parameter forces users to enter a password when authenticating with ssh.
Edit /etc/ssh/sshd_config or a file in /ssh/sshd_config.d/ ending in .conf to set the parameter as follows:
IgnoreRhosts yes
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.8_Ensure_SSH_IgnoreRhosts_is_enabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.878+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD_CONFIG(5)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1469695_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\sshd_running_config.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - sshd parameter: "ignorerhosts yes"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^ignorerhosts\s*yes\s*$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/sshd_running_config.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - sshd parameter: "ignorerhosts yes"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469697"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469697">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1469697"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\s*ignorerhosts\s+no\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469698"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469698">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1469698"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\s*ignorerhosts\s+no\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469696"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469696">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1469696"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>amd64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>4ubuntu0.5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8.2p1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: SSHD_CONFIG(5)
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.2 Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
5.3.9 Ensure SSH HostbasedAuthentication is disabled
The HostbasedAuthentication parameter specifies if authentication is allowed through trusted hosts via the user of .rhosts , or /etc/hosts.equiv , along with successful public key client host authentication.
Even though the .rhosts files are ineffective if support is disabled in /etc/pam.conf , disabling the ability to use .rhosts files in SSH provides an additional layer of protection.
Edit /etc/ssh/sshd_config or a file in /ssh/sshd_config.d/ ending in .conf to set the parameter as follows:
HostbasedAuthentication no
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.9_Ensure_SSH_HostbasedAuthentication_is_disabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.878+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD_CONFIG(5)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1469703_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\sshd_running_config.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - sshd parameter: "hostbasedauthentication no"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^hostbasedauthentication\s+no\s*$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/sshd_running_config.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - sshd parameter: "hostbasedauthentication no"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469705"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469705">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1469705"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\s*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469706"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469706">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1469706"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\s*HostbasedAuthentication\s+yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469704"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469704">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1469704"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>amd64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>4ubuntu0.5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8.2p1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: SSHD_CONFIG(5)
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation, use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage them. Subcontrol: 16.3 Label: Require Multi-Factor Authentication Description: Require multi-factor authentication for all user accounts, on all systems, whether managed on-site or by a third-party provider.
5.3.10 Ensure SSH root login is disabled
The PermitRootLogin parameter specifies if the root user can log in using ssh.
Disallowing root logins over SSH requires system admins to authenticate using their own individual account, then escalating to root via sudo . This in turn limits opportunity for non-repudiation and provides a clear audit trail in the event of a security incident
Edit /etc/ssh/sshd_config or a file in /ssh/sshd_config.d/ ending in .conf to set the parameter as follows:
PermitRootLogin no
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.10_Ensure_SSH_root_login_is_disabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.878+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD_CONFIG(5)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1469535_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\sshd_running_config.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - sshd parameter: "permitrootlogin no"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^permitrootlogin\s+no\s*$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/sshd_running_config.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - sshd parameter: "permitrootlogin no"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469537"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469537">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1469537"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\s*PermitRootLogin\s+yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469707"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469707">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1469707"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\s*PermitRootLogin\s+yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469536"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469536">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1469536"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>amd64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>4ubuntu0.5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8.2p1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: SSHD_CONFIG(5)
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment, and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. Subcontrol: 4.3 Label: Ensure the Use of Dedicated Administrative Accounts Description: Ensure that all users with administrative account access use a dedicated or secondary account for elevated activities. This account should only be used for administrative activities and not internet browsing, email, or similar activities.
5.3.11 Ensure SSH PermitEmptyPasswords is disabled
The PermitEmptyPasswords parameter specifies if the SSH server allows login to accounts with empty password strings.
Disallowing remote shell access to accounts that have an empty password reduces the probability of unauthorized access to the system
Edit /etc/ssh/sshd_config or a file in /ssh/sshd_config.d/ ending in .conf to set the parameter as follows:
PermitEmptyPasswords no
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.11_Ensure_SSH_PermitEmptyPasswords_is_disabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.878+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD_CONFIG(5)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1469538_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\sshd_running_config.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - sshd parameter: "permitemptypasswords no"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^permitemptypasswords\s+no\s*$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/sshd_running_config.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - sshd parameter: "permitemptypasswords no"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469540"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469540">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1469540"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469708"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469708">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1469708"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\s*PermitEmptyPasswords\s+yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469539"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469539">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1469539"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>amd64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>4ubuntu0.5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8.2p1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: SSHD_CONFIG(5)
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation, use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage them. Subcontrol: 16.3 Label: Require Multi-Factor Authentication Description: Require multi-factor authentication for all user accounts, on all systems, whether managed on-site or by a third-party provider.
5.3.12 Ensure SSH PermitUserEnvironment is disabled
The PermitUserEnvironment option allows users to present environment options to the ssh daemon.
Permitting users the ability to set environment variables through the SSH daemon could potentially allow users to bypass security controls (e.g. setting an execution path that has ssh executing a Trojan’s programs)
Edit /etc/ssh/sshd_config or a file in /ssh/sshd_config.d/ ending in .conf to set the parameter as follows:
PermitUserEnvironment no
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.12_Ensure_SSH_PermitUserEnvironment_is_disabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.879+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD_CONFIG(5)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1469541_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\sshd_running_config.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - sshd parameter: "permituserenvironment no"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^permituserenvironment\s+no\s*$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/sshd_running_config.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - sshd parameter: "permituserenvironment no"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469543"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469543">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1469543"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\s*PermitUserEnvironment\s+yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469709"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469709">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1469709"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\s*PermitUserEnvironment\s+yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469542"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469542">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1469542"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>amd64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>4ubuntu0.5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8.2p1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: SSHD_CONFIG(5)
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
5.3.13 Ensure only strong Ciphers are used
This variable limits the ciphers that SSH can use during communication.
Note: Some organizations may have stricter requirements for approved ciphers. Ensure that ciphers used are in compliance with site policy.
Weak ciphers that are used for authentication to the cryptographic module cannot be relied upon to provide confidentiality or integrity, and system data may be compromised.
- The DES, Triple DES, and Blowfish ciphers, as used in SSH, have a birthday bound of approximately four billion blocks, which makes it easier for remote attackers to obtain cleartext data via a birthday attack against a long-duration encrypted session, aka a "Sweet32" attack
- The RC4 algorithm, as used in the TLS protocol and SSL protocol, does not properly combine state data with key data during the initialization phase, which makes it easier for remote attackers to conduct plaintext-recovery attacks against the initial bytes of a stream by sniffing network traffic that occasionally relies on keys affected by the Invariance Weakness, and then using a brute-force approach involving LSB values, aka the "Bar Mitzvah" issue
- The passwords used during an SSH session encrypted with RC4 can be recovered by an attacker who is able to capture and replay the session
- Error handling in the SSH protocol; Client and Server, when using a block cipher algorithm in Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) mode, makes it easier for remote attackers to recover certain plaintext data from an arbitrary block of ciphertext in an SSH session via unknown vectors
Edit /etc/ssh/sshd_config or a file in /ssh/sshd_config.d/ ending in .conf and add or modify the Ciphers line to contain a comma separated list of the site approved ciphers
Example:
Ciphers chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes256-gcm@openssh.com,aes128-gcm@openssh.com,aes256-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes128-ctr
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.13_Ensure_only_strong_Ciphers_are_used"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.879+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-2183</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-2808</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/565052</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://www.openssh.com/txt/cbc.adv</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-5161</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-4548</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/565052</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://www.openssh.com/txt/cbc.adv</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD_CONFIG(5)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1487923_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/sshd_running_config_nm.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/sshd_running_config_nm.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\sshd_running_config_nm.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>PASSED! sshd parameter: "ciphers chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,aes128-gcm@openssh.com,aes256-gcm@openssh.com"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*ciphers\s+(\S+,)*(3des-cbc|aes128-cbc|aes192-cbc|aes256-cbc|arcfour|arcfour128|arcfour256|blowfish-cbc|cast128-cbc|rijndael-cbc@lysator.liu.se)(,\S+)*\s*$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/sshd_running_config_nm.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>PASSED! sshd parameter: "ciphers chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,aes128-gcm@openssh.com,aes256-gcm@openssh.com"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1487925"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1487925">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1487925"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\s*Ciphers\s+([^#]+,)?(3des-cbc|aes128-cbc|aes192-cbc|aes256-cbc|arcfour|arcfour128|arcfour256|blowfish-cbc|cast128-cbc|rijndael-cbc@lysator.liu.se)\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1487926"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1487926">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1487926"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\s*Ciphers\s+([^#]+,)?(3des-cbc|aes128-cbc|aes192-cbc|aes256-cbc|arcfour|arcfour128|arcfour256|blowfish-cbc|cast128-cbc|rijndael-cbc@lysator.liu.se)\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1487924"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1487924">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1487924"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>amd64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>4ubuntu0.5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8.2p1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-2183
- URL: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-2808
- URL: https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/565052
- URL: https://www.openssh.com/txt/cbc.adv
- URL: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-5161
- URL: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-4548
- URL: https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/565052
- URL: https://www.openssh.com/txt/cbc.adv
- URL: SSHD_CONFIG(5)
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification. Subcontrol: 14.4 Label: Encrypt All Sensitive Information in Transit Description: Encrypt all sensitive information in transit.
5.3.14 Ensure only strong MAC algorithms are used
This variable Specifies the available MAC (message authentication code) algorithms. The MAC algorithm is used in protocol version 2 for data integrity protection. Multiple algorithms must be comma-separated.
Note: Some organizations may have stricter requirements for approved MACs. Ensure that MACs used are in compliance with site policy.
MD5 and 96-bit MAC algorithms are considered weak and have been shown to increase exploitability in SSH downgrade attacks. Weak algorithms continue to have a great deal of attention as a weak spot that can be exploited with expanded computing power. An attacker that breaks the algorithm could take advantage of a MiTM position to decrypt the SSH tunnel and capture credentials and information
Edit /etc/ssh/sshd_config or a file in /ssh/sshd_config.d/ ending in .conf and add or modify the MACs line to contain a comma separated list of the site approved MACs
Example:
MACs hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha2-256
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.14_Ensure_only_strong_MAC_algorithms_are_used"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.879+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/5"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">More information on SSH downgrade attacks can be found here: http://www.mitls.org/pages/attacks/SLOTH</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD_CONFIG(5)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1486777_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/sshd_running_config_nm.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/sshd_running_config_nm.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\sshd_running_config_nm.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>FAILED! check sshd parameter: "macs umac-64-etm@openssh.com,umac-128-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-etm@openssh.com,umac-64@openssh.com,umac-128@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*macs\s+(\S+,)*(hmac-md5|hmac-md5-96|hmac-ripemd160|hmac-sha1|hmac-sha1-96|umac-64@openssh\.com|hmac-md5-etm@openssh\.com|hmac-md5-96-etm@openssh\.com|hmac-ripemd160-etm@openssh\.com|hmac-sha1-etm@openssh\.com|hmac-sha1-96-etm@openssh\.com|umac-64-etm@openssh\.com|umac-128-etm@openssh\.com)(,\S+)*\s*$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/sshd_running_config_nm.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>FAILED! check sshd parameter: "macs umac-64-etm@openssh.com,umac-128-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-etm@openssh.com,umac-64@openssh.com,umac-128@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1486779"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1486779">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1486779"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\s*macs\s+([^#]+,)?(hmac-md5|hmac-md5-96|hmac-ripemd160|hmac-sha1|hmac-sha1-96|umac-64@openssh\.com|hmac-md5-etm@openssh\.com|hmac-md5-96-etm@openssh\.com|hmac-ripemd160-etm@openssh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1486780"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1486780">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1486780"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\s*macs\s+([^#]+,)?(hmac-md5|hmac-md5-96|hmac-ripemd160|hmac-sha1|hmac-sha1-96|umac-64@openssh\.com|hmac-md5-etm@openssh\.com|hmac-md5-96-etm@openssh\.com|hmac-r</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1486778"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1486778">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1486778"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>amd64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>4ubuntu0.5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8.2p1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: More information on SSH downgrade attacks can be found here: http://www.mitls.org/pages/attacks/SLOTH
- URL: SSHD_CONFIG(5)
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification. Subcontrol: 14.4 Label: Encrypt All Sensitive Information in Transit Description: Encrypt all sensitive information in transit. - Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation, use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage them. Subcontrol: 16.5 Label: Encrypt Transmittal of Username and Authentication Credentials Description: Ensure that all account usernames and authentication credentials are transmitted across networks using encrypted channels.
5.3.15 Ensure only strong Key Exchange algorithms are used
Key exchange is any method in cryptography by which cryptographic keys are exchanged between two parties, allowing use of a cryptographic algorithm. If the sender and receiver wish to exchange encrypted messages, each must be equipped to encrypt messages to be sent and decrypt messages received
Note: Some organizations may have stricter requirements for approved Key Exchange algorithms. Ensure that Key Exchange algorithms used are in compliance with site policy.
Key exchange methods that are considered weak should be removed. A key exchange method may be weak because too few bits are used or the hashing algorithm is considered too weak. Using weak algorithms could expose connections to man-in-the-middle attacks
Edit /etc/ssh/sshd_config or a file in /ssh/sshd_config.d/ ending in .conf and add or modify the KexAlgorithms line to contain a comma separated list of the site approved key exchange algorithms.
Example:
KexAlgorithms curve25519-sha256,curve25519-sha256@libssh.org,diffie-hellman-group14-sha256,diffie-hellman-group16-sha512,diffie-hellman-group18-sha512,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.15_Ensure_only_strong_Key_Exchange_algorithms_are_used"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.880+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD_CONFIG(5)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1469550_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/sshd_running_config_nm.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/sshd_running_config_nm.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\sshd_running_config_nm.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>PASSED! sshd parameter: "gssapikexalgorithms gss-gex-sha1-,gss-group14-sha1-</l>
<l>kexalgorithms curve25519-sha256,curve25519-sha256@libssh.org,ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group16-sha512,diffie-hellman-group18-sha512,diffie-hellman-group14-sha256"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*kexalgorithms\s+([^#]+,)?(diffie-hellman-group1-sha1|diffie-hellman-group14-sha1|diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1)\b</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/sshd_running_config_nm.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>PASSED! sshd parameter: "gssapikexalgorithms gss-gex-sha1-,gss-group14-sha1-</li>
<li>kexalgorithms curve25519-sha256,curve25519-sha256@libssh.org,ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group16-sha512,diffie-hellman-group18-sha512,diffie-hellman-group14-sha256"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469552"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469552">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1469552"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\s*kexalgorithms\s+([^#]+,)?(diffie-hellman-group1-sha1|diffie-hellman-group14-sha1|diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1)\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469712"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469712">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1469712"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\s*kexalgorithms\s+([^#]+,)?(diffie-hellman-group1-sha1|diffie-hellman-group14-sha1|diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1)\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469551"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469551">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1469551"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>amd64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>4ubuntu0.5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8.2p1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: SSHD_CONFIG(5)
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification. Subcontrol: 14.4 Label: Encrypt All Sensitive Information in Transit Description: Encrypt all sensitive information in transit.
5.3.16 Ensure SSH Idle Timeout Interval is configured
The two options ClientAliveInterval and ClientAliveCountMax control the timeout of ssh sessions.
- ClientAliveInterval sets a timeout interval in seconds after which if no data has been received from the client, sshd will send a message through the encrypted channel to request a response from the client. The default is 0, indicating that these messages will not be sent to the client.
- ClientAliveCountMax
sets the number of client alive messages which may be sent without sshd receiving
any messages back from the client. If this threshold is reached while client alive
messages are being sent, sshd will disconnect the client, terminating the session.
The default value is
3
.
- The client alive messages are sent through the encrypted channel
- Setting ClientAliveCountMax to 0 disables connection termination
Example: If the ClientAliveInterval is set to 15 seconds and the ClientAliveCountMax is set to 3, the client ssh session will be terminated after 45 seconds of idle time.
Having no timeout value associated with a connection could allow an ssh session to remain active after the connection with the client has been interrupted. Setting a timeout value reduces this risk.
- The recommended ClientAliveInterval setting is 300 seconds (5 minutes)
- The recommended ClientAliveCountMax setting is 3
- The ssh session would send three keep alive messages at 5 minute intervals. If no response is received after the third keep alive message, the ssh session would be terminated after 15 minutes.
Edit the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file to set the parameters according to site policy. This should include ClientAliveInterval between 1 and 300 and ClientAliveCountMax between 1 and 3 :
ClientAliveInterval 300
ClientAliveCountMax 3
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.16_Ensure_SSH_Idle_Timeout_Interval_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.880+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://man.openbsd.org/sshd_config</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1478057_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\sshd_running_config.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - sshd parameter: "clientaliveinterval 120"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^clientaliveinterval\s*([1-9]|[1-9][0-9]|[0-2][0-9][0-9]|300)\s*$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/sshd_running_config.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - sshd parameter: "clientaliveinterval 120"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1478058_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\sshd_running_config.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - sshd parameter: "clientalivecountmax 3"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^clientalivecountmax\s*[1-3]\s*$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/sshd_running_config.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - sshd parameter: "clientalivecountmax 3"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1478060"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1478060">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1478060"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\s*clientaliveinterval\s+(0|3[0-9][1-9]|[4-9][0-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]+)\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1478061"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1478061">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1478061"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\s*ClientAliveCountMax\s+(0|[4-9]|[1-9][0-9]+)\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1478059"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1478059">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1478059"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>amd64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>4ubuntu0.5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8.2p1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: https://man.openbsd.org/sshd_config
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
5.3.17 Ensure SSH LoginGraceTime is set to one minute or less
The LoginGraceTime parameter specifies the time allowed for successful authentication to the SSH server. The longer the Grace period is the more open unauthenticated connections can exist. Like other session controls in this session the Grace Period should be limited to appropriate organizational limits to ensure the service is available for needed access.
Setting the LoginGraceTime parameter to a low number will minimize the risk of successful brute force attacks to the SSH server. It will also limit the number of concurrent unauthenticated connections While the recommended setting is 60 seconds (1 Minute), set the number based on site policy.
Edit /etc/ssh/sshd_config or a file in /ssh/sshd_config.d/ ending in .conf to set the parameter as follows:
LoginGraceTime 60
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.17_Ensure_SSH_LoginGraceTime_is_set_to_one_minute_or_less"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.881+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD_CONFIG(5)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1470306_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\sshd_running_config.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - sshd parameter: "logingracetime 60"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^logingracetime\s*([1-9]|[1-5][0-9]|60|1m)\s*$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/sshd_running_config.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - sshd parameter: "logingracetime 60"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1470308"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1470308">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1470308"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\s*LoginGraceTime\s+(0|6[1-9]|[7-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9][0-9]+|[^1]m)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1470309"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1470309">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1470309"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\s*LoginGraceTime\s+(0|6[1-9]|[7-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9][0-9]+|[^1]m)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1470307"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1470307">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1470307"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>amd64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>4ubuntu0.5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8.2p1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: SSHD_CONFIG(5)
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
5.3.18 Ensure SSH warning banner is configured
The Banner parameter specifies a file whose contents must be sent to the remote user before authentication is permitted. By default, no banner is displayed.
Banners are used to warn connecting users of the particular site's policy regarding connection. Presenting a warning message prior to the normal user login may assist the prosecution of trespassers on the computer system.
Edit /etc/ssh/sshd_config or a file in /ssh/sshd_config.d/ ending in .conf to set the parameter as follows:
Banner /etc/issue.net
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.18_Ensure_SSH_warning_banner_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.881+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD_CONFIG(5)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1469561_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\sshd_running_config.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - sshd parameter: "banner /etc/issue.net"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^banner\s+\/(\S+)$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/sshd_running_config.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - sshd parameter: "banner /etc/issue.net"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1470756"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1470756">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1470756"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^\s*(?i)Banner\s+"?none\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1470757"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1470757">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1470757"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*(?i)Banner\s+"?none\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469562"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469562">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1469562"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>amd64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>4ubuntu0.5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8.2p1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: SSHD_CONFIG(5)
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
5.3.19 Ensure SSH PAM is enabled
UsePAM Enables the Pluggable Authentication Module interface. If set to “yes” this will enable PAM authentication using ChallengeResponseAuthentication and PasswordAuthentication in addition to PAM account and session module processing for all authentication types
When usePAM is set to yes, PAM runs through account and session types properly. This is important if you want to restrict access to services based off of IP, time or other factors of the account. Additionally, you can make sure users inherit certain environment variables on login or disallow access to the server
Edit /etc/ssh/sshd_config or a file in /ssh/sshd_config.d/ ending in .conf to set the parameter as follows:
UsePAM yes
Impact:
If UsePAM is enabled, you will not be able to run sshd(5) as a non-root user.
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.19_Ensure_SSH_PAM_is_enabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.882+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD_CONFIG(5)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1469563_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\sshd_running_config.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - sshd parameter: "usepam yes"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*usepam\s+yes\s*$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/sshd_running_config.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - sshd parameter: "usepam yes"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469565"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469565">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1469565"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\s*UsePAM\s+no\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1470758"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1470758">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1470758"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\s*UsePAM\s+no\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469564"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469564">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1469564"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>amd64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>4ubuntu0.5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8.2p1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: SSHD_CONFIG(5)
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
5.3.20 Ensure SSH AllowTcpForwarding is disabled
SSH port forwarding is a mechanism in SSH for tunneling application ports from the client to the server, or servers to clients. It can be used for adding encryption to legacy applications, going through firewalls, and some system administrators and IT professionals use it for opening backdoors into the internal network from their home machines
Leaving port forwarding enabled can expose the organization to security risks and back-doors.
SSH connections are protected with strong encryption. This makes their contents invisible to most deployed network monitoring and traffic filtering solutions. This invisibility carries considerable risk potential if it is used for malicious purposes such as data exfiltration. Cybercriminals or malware could exploit SSH to hide their unauthorized communications, or to exfiltrate stolen data from the target network
Edit /etc/ssh/sshd_config or a file in /ssh/sshd_config.d/ ending in .conf to set the parameter as follows:
AllowTcpForwarding no
Impact:
SSH tunnels are widely used in many corporate environments that employ mainframe systems as their application backends. In those environments the applications themselves may have very limited native support for security. By utilizing tunneling, compliance with SOX, HIPAA, PCI-DSS, and other standards can be achieved without having to modify the applications.
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.20_Ensure_SSH_AllowTcpForwarding_is_disabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.882+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/13/subcontrol/5"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://www.ssh.com/ssh/tunneling/example</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD_CONFIG(5)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1469566_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\sshd_running_config.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
<l> - check sshd parameter: "allowtcpforwarding yes"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*allowtcpforwarding\s+no\s*$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/sshd_running_config.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
<li> - check sshd parameter: "allowtcpforwarding yes"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469568"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469568">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1469568"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\s*AllowTcpForwarding\s+yes\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1470759"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1470759">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1470759"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\s*AllowTcpForwarding\s+yes\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469567"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469567">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1469567"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>amd64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>4ubuntu0.5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8.2p1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: https://www.ssh.com/ssh/tunneling/example
- URL: SSHD_CONFIG(5)
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers. Subcontrol: 9.2 Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system. - Control 13: Data Protection: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to prevent data exfiltration, mitigate the effects of exfiltrated data, and ensure the privacy and integrity of sensitive information. Subcontrol: 13.5 Label: Monitor and Detect Any Unauthorized Use of Encryption Description: Monitor all traffic leaving the organization and detect any unauthorized use of encryption.
5.3.21 Ensure SSH MaxStartups is configured
The MaxStartups parameter specifies the maximum number of concurrent unauthenticated connections to the SSH daemon.
To protect a system from denial of service due to a large number of pending authentication connection attempts, use the rate limiting function of MaxStartups to protect availability of sshd logins and prevent overwhelming the daemon.
Edit /etc/ssh/sshd_config or a file in /ssh/sshd_config.d/ ending in .conf to set the parameter as follows:
MaxStartups 10:30:60
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.21_Ensure_SSH_MaxStartups_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.883+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD_CONFIG(5)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1478542_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\sshd_running_config.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - sshd parameter: "maxstartups 10:30:60"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*maxstartups\s+(10|[1-9])\:(30|[1-2][0-9]|[1-9])\:(60|[1-5][0-9]|[1-9])\s*$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/sshd_running_config.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - sshd parameter: "maxstartups 10:30:60"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1478544"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1478544">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1478544"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\s*maxstartups\s+(((1[1-9]|[1-9][0-9][0-9]+):([0-9]+):([0-9]+))|(([0-9]+):(3[1-9]|[4-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9][0-9]+):([0-9]+))|(([0-9]+):([0-9]+):(6[1-9]|[7-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9][0-9]+)))</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1478545"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1478545">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1478545"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\s*maxstartups\s+(((1[1-9]|[1-9][0-9][0-9]+):([0-9]+):([0-9]+))|(([0-9]+):(3[1-9]|[4-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9][0-9]+):([0-9]+))|(([0-9]+):([0-9]+):(6[1-9]|[7-9][0-9]|[1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1478543"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1478543">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1478543"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>amd64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>4ubuntu0.5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8.2p1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: SSHD_CONFIG(5)
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
5.3.22 Ensure SSH MaxSessions is limited
The MaxSessions parameter Specifies the maximum number of open sessions permitted per network connection.
To protect a system from denial of service due to a large number of concurrent sessions, use the rate limiting function of MaxSessions to protect availability of sshd logins and prevent overwhelming the daemon.
Edit /etc/ssh/sshd_config or a file in /ssh/sshd_config.d/ ending in .conf to set the parameter as follows:
MaxSessions 10
| OR |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.22_Ensure_SSH_MaxSessions_is_limited"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.883+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD_CONFIG(5)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1469572_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\sshd_running_config.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - sshd parameter: "maxsessions 10"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">^\s*maxsessions\s+([1-9]|10)\s*$</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/sshd_running_config.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - sshd parameter: "maxsessions 10"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469574"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469574">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1469574"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\s*MaxSessions\s+(1[1-9]|[2-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9][0-9]+)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1470761"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1470761">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1470761"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\s*MaxSessions\s+(1[1-9]|[2-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9][0-9]+)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469573"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1469573">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1469573"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>amd64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>4ubuntu0.5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8.2p1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: SSHD_CONFIG(5)
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
5.4 Configure PAM
PAM (Pluggable Authentication Modules) is a service that implements modular authentication modules on UNIX systems. PAM is implemented as a set of shared objects that are loaded and executed when a program needs to authenticate a user. Files for PAM are typically located in the /etc/pam.d directory. PAM must be carefully configured to secure system authentication. While this section covers some of PAM, please consult other PAM resources to fully understand the configuration capabilities.
5.4.1 Ensure password creation requirements are configured
The pam_pwquality.so module checks the strength of passwords. It performs checks such as making sure a password is not a dictionary word, it is a certain length, contains a mix of characters (e.g. alphabet, numeric, other) and more. The following are definitions of the pam_pwquality.so options.
The following options are set in the /etc/security/pwquality.conf file:
-
Password Length:
- minlen = 14 - password must be 14 characters or more
-
Password complexity:
-
minclass = 4 - The minimum number of required classes of characters for the new password (digits, uppercase, lowercase, others)
OR
-
dcredit = -1 - provide at least one digit
-
ucredit = -1 - provide at least one uppercase character
-
ocredit = -1 - provide at least one special character
-
lcredit = -1 - provide at least one lowercase character
-
The following is st in the /etc/pam.d/common-password file:
- retry=3 - Allow 3 tries before sending back a failure. The settings shown above are one possible policy. Alter these values to conform to your own organization's password policies.
Strong passwords protect systems from being hacked through brute force methods.
Run the following command to install the pam_pwquality module:
apt install libpam-pwquality
Edit the file /etc/security/pwquality.conf and add or modify the following line for password length to conform to site policy
minlen = 14
Edit the file /etc/security/pwquality.conf and add or modify the following line for password complexity to conform to site policy
minclass = 4
OR
dcredit = -1
ucredit = -1
ocredit = -1
lcredit = -1
Edit the /etc/pam.d/common-password file to include the appropriate options for pam_pwquality.so and to conform to site policy:
password requisite pam_pwquality.so retry=3
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.4.1_Ensure_password_creation_requirements_are_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.883+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456316"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456316">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456316"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/security/pwquality.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*minlen\s*=\s*(1[4-9]|[2-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9][0-9])(\s+#.*)*$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456318"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456318">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456318"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/common-password exists and matches pattern ^\s*password\s+(requisite|required)\s+pam_pwquality\.so\s+(\S+\s+)*retry=[1-3]\s*(\s+\S+\s*)*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment, and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. Subcontrol: 4.4 Label: Use Unique Passwords Description: Where multi-factor authentication is not supported (such as local administrator, root, or service accounts), accounts will use passwords that are unique to that system.
5.4.2 Ensure lockout for failed password attempts is configured
Lock out users after n unsuccessful consecutive login attempts. The first sets of changes are made to the PAM configuration files. The second set of changes are applied to the program specific PAM configuration file. The second set of changes must be applied to each program that will lock out users. Check the documentation for each secondary program for instructions on how to configure them to work with PAM.
- deny= n - n represents the number of failed attempts before the account is locked
- unlock_time= n - n represents the number of seconds before the account is unlocked
- audit - Will log the user name into the system log if the user is not found.
- silent - Don't print informative messages. Set the lockout number and unlock time in accordance with local site policy.
Locking out user IDs after n unsuccessful consecutive login attempts mitigates brute force password attacks against your systems.
Edit the /etc/pam.d/common-auth file and add the auth line below:
auth required pam_tally2.so onerr=fail audit silent deny=5 unlock_time=900
Edit the /etc/pam.d/common-account file and add the account lines bellow:
account requisite pam_deny.so
account required pam_tally2.so
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.4.2_Ensure_lockout_for_failed_password_attempts_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.883+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/7"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1456322"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_14563221_var"/>
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:14563222"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_14563222_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456322"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456322">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456322"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure /etc/pam.d//common-auth contents Pattern Match deny=[1-5] (string)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1456324"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_14563241_var"/>
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:14563242"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_14563242_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456324"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456324">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456324"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure /etc/pam.d//common-account contents Pattern Match pam_deny\.so (string)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/pam.d/common-account</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/pam.d</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>common-account</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\s*account\s+requisite\s*.*$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>account requisite pam_deny.so</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>account requisite pam_deny.so</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456327"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456327">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456327"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/common-account exists and matches pattern ^\s*account\s+required\s+(\S+\s+)*pam_tally2\.so\s*(\s+\S+\s*)*(\s+.*)?$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation, use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage them. Subcontrol: 16.7 Label: Establish Process for Revoking Access Description: Establish and follow an automated process for revoking system access by disabling accounts immediately upon termination or change of responsibilities of an employee or contractor . Disabling these accounts, instead of deleting accounts, allows preservation of audit trails.
5.4.3 Ensure password reuse is limited
The /etc/security/opasswd file stores the users' old passwords and can be checked to ensure that users are not recycling recent passwords.
Forcing users not to reuse their past 5 passwords make it less likely that an attacker will be able to guess the password.
Edit the /etc/pam.d/common-password file to include the remember option and conform to site policy as shown:
password required pam_pwhistory.so remember=5
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.4.3_Ensure_password_reuse_is_limited"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.884+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456330"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456330">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456330"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/common-password exists and matches pattern ^\s*password\s+required\s+pam_pwhistory\.so\s+([^#]+\s+)?remember=([5-9]|[1-9][0-9]+)\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation, use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage them.
5.4.4 Ensure password hashing algorithm is SHA-512
The commands below change password encryption from md5 to sha512 (a much stronger hashing algorithm). All existing accounts will need to perform a password change to upgrade the stored hashes to the new algorithm.
The SHA-512 algorithm provides much stronger hashing than MD5, thus providing additional protection to the system by increasing the level of effort for an attacker to successfully determine passwords.
Note that these change only apply to accounts configured on the local system.
Edit the /etc/pam.d/common-password file to include the sha512 option for pam_unix.so as shown:
password [success=1 default=ignore] pam_unix.so sha512
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.4.4_Ensure_password_hashing_algorithm_is_SHA-512"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.884+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456333"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456333">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456333"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/common-password exists and matches pattern ^\s*password\s+(\[success=1\s+default=ignore\]|required)\s+pam_unix\.so\s+([^#]+\s+)?sha512\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/pam.d</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>[success=1 default=ignore]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>obscure </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation, use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage them. Subcontrol: 16.4 Label: Encrypt or Hash all Authentication Credentials Description: Encrypt or hash with a salt all authentication credentials when stored.
5.5 User Accounts and Environment
This section provides guidance on setting up secure defaults for system and user accounts and their environment.
5.5.1 Set Shadow Password Suite Parameters
While a majority of the password control parameters have been moved to PAM, some parameters are still available through the shadow password suite. Any changes made to /etc/login.defs will only be applied if the usermod command is used. If user IDs are added a different way, use the chage command to effect changes to individual user IDs.
5.5.1.1 Ensure minimum days between password changes is configured
The PASS_MIN_DAYS parameter in /etc/login.defs allows an administrator to prevent users from changing their password until a minimum number of days have passed since the last time the user changed their password. It is recommended that PASS_MIN_DAYS parameter be set to 1 or more days.
By restricting the frequency of password changes, an administrator can prevent users from repeatedly changing their password in an attempt to circumvent password reuse controls.
Set the PASS_MIN_DAYS parameter to 1 in /etc/login.defs :
PASS_MIN_DAYS 1
Modify user parameters for all users with a password set to match:
# chage --mindays 1 <user>
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.1.1_Ensure_minimum_days_between_password_changes_is__configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.884+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc6:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1/control/16"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456336"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456336">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456336"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/login.defs exists and matches pattern ^\s*PASS_MIN_DAYS\s+([1-9]|[1-9][0-9]+)\s*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/login.defs</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>login.defs</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\s*PASS_MIN_DAYS\s+([1-9]|[1-9][0-9]+)\s*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>PASS_MIN_DAYS 1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>PASS_MIN_DAYS 1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456338"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456338">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456338"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/shadow exists and matches pattern ^\S+:[^\!\*:]*:[^:]*:(0|\-1):[^:]*:[^:]*:[^:]*:[^:]*:[^:]*\s*$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/shadow</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>shadow</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\S+:[^\!\*:]*:[^:]*:(0|\-1):[^:]*:[^:]*:[^:]*:[^:]*:[^:]*\s*$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>root:$6$[OBFUSCATED HASHED PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>root:$6$[OBFUSCATED HASHED PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment, and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. Subcontrol: 4.4 Label: Use Unique Passwords Description: Where multi-factor authentication is not supported (such as local administrator, root, or service accounts), accounts will use passwords that are unique to that system.
5.5.1.2 Ensure password expiration is 365 days or less
The PASS_MAX_DAYS parameter in /etc/login.defs allows an administrator to force passwords to expire once they reach a defined age.
The window of opportunity for an attacker to leverage compromised credentials or successfully compromise credentials via an online brute force attack is limited by the age of the password. Therefore, reducing the maximum age of a password also reduces an attacker's window of opportunity. It is recommended that the PASS_MAX_DAYS parameter does not exceed 365 days and is greater than the value of PASS_MIN_DAYS .
Set the PASS_MAX_DAYS parameter to conform to site policy in /etc/login.defs :
PASS_MAX_DAYS 365
Modify user parameters for all users with a password set to match:
# chage --maxdays 365 <user>
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.1.2_Ensure_password_expiration_is_365_days_or_less"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.884+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://www.cisecurity.org/white-papers/cis-password-policy-guide/</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456340"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456340">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456340"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/login.defs exists and matches pattern ^\s*(?i)PASS_MAX_DAYS\s+(36[0-5]|3[0-5][0-9]|[1-2][0-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|[2-9])\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/login.defs</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>login.defs</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\s*(?i)PASS_MAX_DAYS\s+(36[0-5]|3[0-5][0-9]|[1-2][0-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|[2-9])\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>PASS_MAX_DAYS 365</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>PASS_MAX_DAYS 365</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>365</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456342"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456342">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456342"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/shadow exists and matches pattern ^[^#:]+:[^\!\*:]*:[^:]*:[^:]*:(-1|0|36[6-9]|3[7-9][0-9]|[4-9][0-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]+):[^:]*:[^:]*:[^:]*:[^:]*\s*$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/shadow</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>shadow</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^[^#:]+:[^\!\*:]*:[^:]*:[^:]*:(\s*|-1|0|36[6-9]|3[7-9][0-9]|[4-9][0-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]+):[^:]*:[^:]*:[^:]*:[^:]*\s*$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>root:$6$[OBFUSCATED HASHED PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>root:$6$[OBFUSCATED HASHED PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>99999</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: https://www.cisecurity.org/white-papers/cis-password-policy-guide/
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment, and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. Subcontrol: 4.4 Label: Use Unique Passwords Description: Where multi-factor authentication is not supported (such as local administrator, root, or service accounts), accounts will use passwords that are unique to that system.
5.5.1.3 Ensure password expiration warning days is 7 or more
The PASS_WARN_AGE parameter in /etc/login.defs allows an administrator to notify users that their password will expire in a defined number of days. It is recommended that the PASS_WARN_AGE parameter be set to 7 or more days.
Providing an advance warning that a password will be expiring gives users time to think of a secure password. Users caught unaware may choose a simple password or write it down where it may be discovered.
Set the PASS_WARN_AGE parameter to 7 in /etc/login.defs :
PASS_WARN_AGE 7
Modify user parameters for all users with a password set to match:
# chage --warndays 7 <user>
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.1.3_Ensure_password_expiration_warning_days_is_7_or_more"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.884+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456344"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456344">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456344"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/login.defs exists and matches pattern ^\s*PASS_WARN_AGE\s+([7-9]|[1-9][0-9]+)\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/login.defs</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>login.defs</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\s*PASS_WARN_AGE\s+([7-9]|[1-9][0-9]+)\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>PASS_WARN_AGE 7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>PASS_WARN_AGE 7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456346"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456346">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456346"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/shadow exists and matches pattern ^[^#:]+:[^\!\*:]*:[^:]*:[^:]*:[^:]*:([0-6]|-1):[^:]*:[^:]*:[^:]*\s*$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment, and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. Subcontrol: 4.4 Label: Use Unique Passwords Description: Where multi-factor authentication is not supported (such as local administrator, root, or service accounts), accounts will use passwords that are unique to that system.
5.5.1.4 Ensure inactive password lock is 30 days or less
User accounts that have been inactive for over a given period of time can be automatically disabled. It is recommended that accounts that are inactive for 30 days after password expiration be disabled.
Inactive accounts pose a threat to system security since the users are not logging in to notice failed login attempts or other anomalies.
Run the following command to set the default password inactivity period to 30 days:
# useradd -D -f 30
Modify user parameters for all users with a password set to match:
# chage --inactive 30 <user>
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.1.4_Ensure_inactive_password_lock_is_30_days_or_less"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.884+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456349"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456349">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456349"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/default/useradd exists and matches pattern ^\s*INACTIVE\s*=\s*(30|[1-2][0-9]|[0-9])\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456351"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456351">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456351"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/shadow exists and matches pattern ^[^#:]+:[^\!\*:]*:[^:]*:[^:]*:[^:]*:[^:]*:(\s*|-1|3[1-9]|[4-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9][0-9]+):[^:]*:[^:]*\s*$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/shadow</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>shadow</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^[^#:]+:[^\!\*:]*:[^:]*:[^:]*:[^:]*:[^:]*:(\s*|-1|3[1-9]|[4-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9][0-9]+):[^:]*:[^:]*\s*$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>root:$6$[OBFUSCATED HASHED PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>root:$6$[OBFUSCATED HASHED PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment, and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. Subcontrol: 4.4 Label: Use Unique Passwords Description: Where multi-factor authentication is not supported (such as local administrator, root, or service accounts), accounts will use passwords that are unique to that system.
5.5.1.5 Ensure all users last password change date is in the past
All users should have a password change date in the past.
If a users recorded password change date is in the future then they could bypass any set password expiration.
Investigate any users with a password change date in the future and correct them. Locking the account, expiring the password, or resetting the password manually may be appropriate.
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.1.5_Ensure_all_users_last_password_change_date_is_in_the_past"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.884+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_password_change_past.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_password_change_past.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_password_change_past.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>PASSED: All users last password change was in the past</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_password_change_past.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>PASSED: All users last password change was in the past</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment, and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. Subcontrol: 4.4 Label: Use Unique Passwords Description: Where multi-factor authentication is not supported (such as local administrator, root, or service accounts), accounts will use passwords that are unique to that system.
5.5.2 Ensure system accounts are secured
There are a number of accounts provided with most distributions that are used to manage applications and are not intended to provide an interactive shell.
It is important to make sure that accounts that are not being used by regular users are prevented from being used to provide an interactive shell. By default, most distributions set the password field for these accounts to an invalid string, but it is also recommended that the shell field in the password file be set to the nologin shell. This prevents the account from potentially being used to run any commands.
Set the shell for any accounts returned by the audit to nologin:
# usermod -s $(which nologin) <user>
Lock any non root accounts returned by the audit:
# usermod -L <user>
The following command will set all system accounts to a non login shell:
# awk -F: '$1!~/(root|sync|shutdown|halt|^\+)/ && $3<'"$(awk '/^\s*UID_MIN/{print
$2}' /etc/login.defs)"' && $7!~/((\/usr)?\/sbin\/nologin)/ && $7!~/(\/bin)?\/false/
{print $1}' /etc/passwd | while read -r user; do usermod -s "$(which nologin)" "$user";
done
The following command will automatically lock not root system accounts:
# awk -F: '($1!~/(root|^\+)/ && $3<'"$(awk '/^\s*UID_MIN/{print $2}' /etc/login.defs)"')
{print $1}' /etc/passwd | xargs -I '{}' passwd -S '{}' | awk '($2!~/LK?/) {print $1}'
| while read -r user; do usermod -L "$user"; done
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.2_Ensure_system_accounts_are_secured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.884+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/account_disabled.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/account_disabled.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\account_disabled.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>system accounts login is disabled</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/account_disabled.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>system accounts login is disabled</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/account_locked.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/account_locked.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\account_locked.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>system accounts are locked</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/account_locked.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>system accounts are locked</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation, use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage them.
5.5.3 Ensure default group for the root account is GID 0
The usermod command can be used to specify which group the root user belongs to. This affects permissions of files that are created by the root user.
Using GID 0 for the root account helps prevent root -owned files from accidentally becoming accessible to non-privileged users.
Run the following command to set the root user default group to GID 0 :
# usermod -g 0 root
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.3_Ensure_default_group_for_the_root_account_is_GID_0"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.885+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456359"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456359">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456359"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Linux Custom Object "Default Group Set For root User"</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Password Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Username</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>root</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Password</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>x</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gcos</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>root</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Home Dir</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/root</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Login Shell</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/bin/bash</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Last Login</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification. Subcontrol: 14.6 Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
5.5.4 Ensure default user umask is 027 or more restrictive
The user file-creation mode mask ( umask ) is use to determine the file permission for newly created directories and files. In Linux, the default permissions for any newly created directory is 0777 (rwxrwxrwx), and for any newly created file it is 0666 (rw-rw-rw-). The umask modifies the default Linux permissions by restricting (masking) these permissions. The umask is not simply subtracted, but is processed bitwise. Bits set in the umask are cleared in the resulting file mode.
umask can be set with either octal or Symbolic values
- Octal (Numeric) Value - Represented by either three or four digits. ie umask 0027 or umask 027 . If a four digit umask is used, the first digit is ignored. The remaining three digits effect the resulting permissions for user, group, and world/other respectively.
- Symbolic Value - Represented by a comma separated list for User u , group g , and world/other o . The permissions listed are not masked by umask . ie a umask set by umask u=rwx,g=rx,o= is the Symbolic equivalent of the Octalumask 027 . This umask would set a newly created directory with file mode drwxr-x--- and a newly created file with file mode rw-r----- .
Setting the default umask :
- pam_umask
module:
- will set the umask according to the system default in /etc/login.defs and user settings, solving the problem of different umask settings with different shells, display managers, remote sessions etc.
- umask=<mask> value in the /etc/login.defs file is interpreted as Octal
-
Setting
USERGROUPS_ENAB
to
yes
in
/etc/login.defs
(default):
- will enable setting of the umask group bits to be the same as owner bits. (examples: 022 -> 002, 077 -> 007) for non-root users, if the uid is the same as gid, and username is the same as the primary group name
- userdel will remove the user's group if it contains no more members, and useradd will create by default a group with the name of the user
- System Wide Shell Configuration File
:
- /etc/profile - used to set system wide environmental variables on users shells. The variables are sometimes the same ones that are in the .profile , however this file is used to set an initial PATH or PS1 for all shell users of the system. is only executed for interactive login shells, or shells executed with the --login parameter
- /etc/profile.d - /etc/profile will execute the scripts within /etc/profile.d/*.sh . It is recommended to place your configuration in a shell script within /etc/profile.d to set your own system wide environmental variables.
- /etc/bash.bashrc - System wide version of .bashrc . etc/bashrc also invokes /etc/profile.d/*.sh if non-login shell, but redirects output to /dev/null if non-interactive. Is only executed for interactive shells or if BASH_ENV is set to /etc/bash.bashrc
User Shell Configuration Files:
- ~/.profile - Is executed to configure your shell before the initial command prompt. Is only read by login shells.
- ~/.bashrc - Is executed for interactive shells. only read by a shell that's both interactive and non-login
Setting a very secure default value for umask ensures that users make a conscious choice about their file permissions. A default umask setting of 077 causes files and directories created by users to not be readable by any other user on the system. A umask of 027 would make files and directories readable by users in the same Unix group, while a umask of 022 would make files readable by every user on the system.
Run the following command and remove or modify the umask of any returned files:
# grep -RPi '(^|^[^#]*)\s*umask\s+([0-7][0-7][01][0-7]\b|[0-7][0-7][0-7][0-6]\b|[0-7][01][0-7]\b|[0-7][0-7][0-6]\b|(u=[rwx]{0,3},)?(g=[rwx]{0,3},)?o=[rwx]+\b|(u=[rwx]{1,3},)?g=[^rx]{1,3}(,o=[rwx]{0,3})?\b)'
/etc/login.defs /etc/profile* /etc/bash.bashrc*
Follow one of the following methods to set the default user umask:
Edit /etc/login.defs and edit the UMASK and USERGROUPS_ENAB lines as follows:
UMASK 027
USERGROUPS_ENAB no
Edit /etc/pam.d/common-session and add or edit the following:
session optional pam_umask.so
OR
Configure umask in one of the following files:
- A file in the /etc/profile.d/ directory ending in .sh
- /etc/profile
- /etc/bash.bashrc
Example: /etc/profile.d/set_umask.sh
umask 027
Note: this method only applies to bash and shell. If other shells are supported on the system, it is recommended that their configuration files also are checked.
Impact:
Setting USERGROUPS_ENAB no in /etc/login.defs may change the expected behavior of useradd and userdel .
Setting USERGROUPS_ENAB yes in /etc/login.defs
- userdel will remove the user's group if it contains no more members
- useradd will create by default a group with the name of the user.
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.4_Ensure_default_user_umask_is_027_or_more_restrictive"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.886+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">pam_umask(8)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475395"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475395">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1475395"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/login.defs exists and matches pattern (?i)^\s*UMASK\s+(0[0-7][2-7]7|[0-7][2-7]7)\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475396"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475396">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1475396"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/common-session exists and matches pattern ^\s*session\s+(?:optional|requisite|required)\s+pam_umask\.so\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/pam.d/common-session</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/pam.d</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>common-session</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\s*session\s+(?:optional|requisite|required)\s+pam_umask\.so\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>session optional pam_umask.so</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>session optional pam_umask.so</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475406"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475406">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1475406"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/login.defs exists and matches pattern ^\s*(?i)USERGROUPS_ENAB\s*"?no"?\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475397"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475397">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1475397"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+\.sh$ in /etc/profile.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)^\s*UMASK\s+\s*(0[0-7][2-7]7|[0-7][2-7]7|u=(r?|w?|x?)(r?|w?|x?)(r?|w?|x?),g=(r?x?|x?r?),o=)\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475398"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475398">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1475398"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/profile exists and matches pattern (?i)^\s*UMASK\s+\s*(0[0-7][2-7]7|[0-7][2-7]7|u=(r?|w?|x?)(r?|w?|x?)(r?|w?|x?),g=(r?x?|x?r?),o=)\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475399"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475399">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1475399"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/bash.bashrc exists and matches pattern (?i)^\s*UMASK\s+\s*(0[0-7][2-7]7|[0-7][2-7]7|u=(r?|w?|x?)(r?|w?|x?)(r?|w?|x?),g=(r?x?|x?r?),o=)\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475400"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475400">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1475400"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/profile.local exists and matches pattern (?i)^\s*UMASK\s+\s*(0[0-7][2-7]7|[0-7][2-7]7|u=(r?|w?|x?)(r?|w?|x?)(r?|w?|x?),g=(r?x?|x?r?),o=)\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475401"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475401">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1475401"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/login.defs exists and matches pattern (?i)(^\s*|^\s*[^#]+\s+)umask\s+([0-7][0-7][01][0-7]\b|[0-7][0-7][0-7][0-6]\b|[0-7][01][0-7]\b|[0-7][0-7][0-6]\b|(u=[rwx]{0,3},)?(g=[rwx]{0,3},)?o=[rwx]+\b|(u=[rwx]{1,3},)?g=[^rx]{1,3}(,o=[rwx</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/login.defs</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>login.defs</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(?i)(^\s*|^\s*[^#]+\s+)umask\s+([0-7][0-7][01][0-7]\b|[0-7][0-7][0-7][0-6]\b|[0-7][01][0-7]\b|[0-7][0-7][0-6]\b|(u=[rwx]{0,3},)?(g=[rwx]{0,3},)?o=[rwx]+\b|(u=[rwx]{1,3},)?g=[^rx]{1,3}(,o=[rwx]{0,3})?\b)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ERASECHAR 0177
KILLCHAR 025
UMASK 022</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ERASECHAR 0177
KILLCHAR 025
UMASK 022</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ERASECHAR 0177
KILLCHAR 025
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>022</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475402"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475402">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1475402"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensurefile(s) named ^.+\.sh$ in /etc/profile.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)(^\s*|^\s*[^#]+\s+)umask\s+([0-7][0-7][01][0-7]\b|[0-7][0-7][0-7][0-6]\b|[0-7][01][0-7]\b|[0-7][0-7][0-6]\b|(u=[rwx]{0,3},)?(g=[rwx]{0,3},)?o=[rwx]+\b|(u=[rwx]{1,3},)?g=[^rx]{1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475403"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475403">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1475403"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/profile.local exists and matches pattern (?i)(^\s*|^\s*[^#]+\s+)umask\s+([0-7][0-7][01][0-7]\b|[0-7][0-7][0-7][0-6]\b|[0-7][01][0-7]\b|[0-7][0-7][0-6]\b|(u=[rwx]{0,3},)?(g=[rwx]{0,3},)?o=[rwx]+\b|(u=[rwx]{1,3},)?g=[^rx]{1,3}(,o=[</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475404"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475404">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1475404"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/profile exists and matches pattern (?i)(^\s*|^\s*[^#]+\s+)umask\s+([0-7][0-7][01][0-7]\b|[0-7][0-7][0-7][0-6]\b|[0-7][01][0-7]\b|[0-7][0-7][0-6]\b|(u=[rwx]{0,3},)?(g=[rwx]{0,3},)?o=[rwx]+\b|(u=[rwx]{1,3},)?g=[^rx]{1,3}(,o=[rwx]{0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475405"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1475405">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1475405"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/bash.bash.rc exists and matches pattern (?i)(^\s*|^\s*[^#]+\s+)umask\s+([0-7][0-7][01][0-7]\b|[0-7][0-7][0-7][0-6]\b|[0-7][01][0-7]\b|[0-7][0-7][0-6]\b|(u=[rwx]{0,3},)?(g=[rwx]{0,3},)?o=[rwx]+\b|(u=[rwx]{1,3},)?g=[^rx]{1,3}(,o=[r</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: pam_umask(8)
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification. Subcontrol: 14.6 Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
5.5.5 Ensure default user shell timeout is 900 seconds or less
TMOUT is an environmental setting that determines the timeout of a shell in seconds.
- TMOUT= n - Sets the shell timeout to n seconds. A setting of TMOUT=0 disables timeout.
- readonly TMOUT- Sets the TMOUT environmental variable as readonly, preventing unwanted modification during run-time.
- export TMOUT - exports the TMOUT variable
System Wide Shell Configuration Files:
- /etc/profile - used to set system wide environmental variables on users shells. The variables are sometimes the same ones that are in the .bash_profile , however this file is used to set an initial PATH or PS1 for all shell users of the system. is only executed for interactive login shells, or shells executed with the --login parameter.
- /etc/profile.d - /etc/profile will execute the scripts within /etc/profile.d/*.sh . It is recommended to place your configuration in a shell script within /etc/profile.d to set your own system wide environmental variables.
- /etc/bash.bashrc - System wide version of bash.bashrc . etc/bash.bashrc also invokes /etc/profile.d/*.sh if non-login shell, but redirects output to /dev/null if non-interactive. Is only executed for interactive shells or if BASH_ENV is set to /etc/bash.bashrc .
Setting a timeout value reduces the window of opportunity for unauthorized user access to another user's shell session that has been left unattended. It also ends the inactive session and releases the resources associated with that session.
Review /etc/bash.bashrc , /etc/profile , and all files ending in *.sh in the /etc/profile.d/ directory and remove or edit all TMOUT=_n_ entries to follow local site policy. TMOUT should not exceed 900 or be equal to 0 .
Configure TMOUT in one of the following files:
- A file in the /etc/profile.d/ directory ending in .sh
- /etc/profile
- /etc/bash.bashrc
TMOUT configuration examples:
- As multiple lines:
TMOUT=900
readonly TMOUT
export TMOUT
- As a single line:
readonly TMOUT=900 ; export TMOUT
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.5.5_Ensure_default_user_shell_timeout_is_900_seconds_or_less"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.886+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/11"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/tmout_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/tmout_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\tmout_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>TMOUT is not configured</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/tmout_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>TMOUT is not configured</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation, use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage them. Subcontrol: 16.11 Label: Lock Workstation Sessions After Inactivity Description: Automatically lock workstation sessions after a standard period of inactivity.
5.6 Ensure root login is restricted to system console
The file /etc/securetty contains a list of valid terminals that may be logged in directly as root.
Since the system console has special properties to handle emergency situations, it is important to ensure that the console is in a physically secure location and that unauthorized consoles have not been defined.
Remove entries for any consoles that are not in a physically secure location.
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.6_Ensure_root_login_is_restricted_to_system_console"
role="unscored"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.886+02:00"
version="1"
weight="0.0">
<xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment, and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. Subcontrol: 4.3 Label: Ensure the Use of Dedicated Administrative Accounts Description: Ensure that all users with administrative account access use a dedicated or secondary account for elevated activities. This account should only be used for administrative activities and not internet browsing, email, or similar activities.
5.7 Ensure access to the su command is restricted
The su command allows a user to run a command or shell as another user. The program has been superseded by sudo , which allows for more granular control over privileged access. Normally, the su command can be executed by any user. By adding, or uncommenting, the pam_wheel.so statement in /etc/pam.d/su , the su command will only allow users in a specific group to execute su . This group should be empty to reinforce the use of sudo for privileged access.
Restricting the use of su , and using sudo in its place, provides system administrators better control of the escalation of user privileges to execute privileged commands. The sudo utility also provides a better logging and audit mechanism, as it can log each command executed via sudo , whereas su can only record that a user executed the su program.
Create an empty group that will be specified for use of the su command. The group should be named according to site policy.
Example:
# groupadd sugroup
Add the following line to the /etc/pam.d/su file, specifying the empty group:
Example:
auth required pam_wheel.so use_uid group=sugroup
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.7_Ensure_access_to_the_su_command_is_restricted"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.886+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1479135"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1479135">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1479135"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/su exists and matches pattern ^\s*auth\s+(?:required|requisite)\s+pam_wheel\.so(?:\s+[^#]+)?(?:\s+(?!\2)(use_uid\b|group=\S+\b))(?:\s+[^#]+)?(?:\s+(?!\1)(use_uid\b|group=\S+\b))</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/pam.d/su</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/pam.d</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>su</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\s*auth\s+(?:required|requisite)\s+pam_wheel\.so(?:\s+[^#]+)?(?:\s+(?!\2)(use_uid\b|group=\S+\b))(?:\s+[^#]+)?(?:\s+(?!\1)(use_uid\b|group=\S+\b))</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>auth required pam_wheel.so use_uid group=sugroup</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>auth required pam_wheel.so use_uid group=sugroup</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>use_uid</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>group=sugroup</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
6 System Maintenance
Recommendations in this section are intended as maintenance and are intended to be checked on a frequent basis to ensure system stability. Many recommendations do not have quick remediations and require investigation into the cause and best fix available and may indicate an attempted breach of system security.
6.1 System File Permissions
This section provides guidance on securing aspects of system files and directories.
6.1.1 Audit system file permissions
The Debian package manager has a number of useful options. One of these, the --verify option, can be used to verify that system packages are correctly installed. The --verify option can be used to verify a particular package or to verify all system packages. If no output is returned, the package is installed correctly. The following table describes the meaning of output from the verify option:
Code Meaning
S File size differs.
M File mode differs (includes permissions and file type).
5 The MD5 checksum differs.
D The major and minor version numbers differ on a device file.
L A mismatch occurs in a link.
U The file ownership differs.
G The file group owner differs.
T The file time (mtime) differs.
The dpkg -S command can be used to determine which package a particular file belongs to. For example the following command determines which package the /bin/bash file belongs to:
# dpkg -S /bin/bash
bash: /bin/bash
To verify the settings for the package that controls the /bin/bash file, run the following:
# dpkg --verify bash
??5?????? c /etc/bash.bashrc
Notes:
- Since packages and important files may change with new updates and releases, it is recommended to verify everything, not just a finite list of files. This can be a time consuming task and results may depend on site policy therefore it is not a assessed benchmark item, but is provided for those interested in additional security measures.
- Some of the recommendations of this benchmark alter the state of files audited by this recommendation. The audit command will alert for all changes to a file permissions even if the new state is more secure than the default.
It is important to confirm that packaged system files and directories are maintained with the permissions they were intended to have from the OS vendor.
Correct any discrepancies found and rerun the audit until output is clean or risk is mitigated or accepted.
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.1_Audit_system_file_permissions"
role="unscored"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.886+02:00"
version="1"
weight="0.0">
<xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification. Subcontrol: 14.6 Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
6.1.2 Ensure permissions on /etc/passwd are configured
The /etc/passwd file contains user account information that is used by many system utilities and therefore must be readable for these utilities to operate.
It is critical to ensure that the /etc/passwd file is protected from unauthorized write access. Although it is protected by default, the file permissions could be changed either inadvertently or through malicious actions.
Run the following command to set permissions on /etc/passwd :
# chown root:root /etc/passwd
# chmod u-x,go-wx /etc/passwd
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.2_Ensure_permissions_on_etcpasswd_are_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.886+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456042"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456042">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456042"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/passwd exists and is owned by 0:0 and does not have permissions --x-wx-wx</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/passwd</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>passwd</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>regular</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676808091</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676808091</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676808091</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1962</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation, use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage them. Subcontrol: 16.4 Label: Encrypt or Hash all Authentication Credentials Description: Encrypt or hash with a salt all authentication credentials when stored.
6.1.3 Ensure permissions on /etc/passwd- are configured
The /etc/passwd- file contains backup user account information.
It is critical to ensure that the /etc/passwd- file is protected from unauthorized access. Although it is protected by default, the file permissions could be changed either inadvertently or through malicious actions.
Run the following command to set permissions on /etc/passwd- :
# chown root:root /etc/passwd-
# chmod u-x,go-wx /etc/passwd-
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.3_Ensure_permissions_on_etcpasswd-_are_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.886+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456052"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456052">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456052"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/passwd- exists and is owned by 0:0 and does not have permissions --x-wx-wx</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/passwd-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>passwd-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>regular</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676808155</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676808091</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676808091</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1962</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation, use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage them. Subcontrol: 16.4 Label: Encrypt or Hash all Authentication Credentials Description: Encrypt or hash with a salt all authentication credentials when stored.
6.1.4 Ensure permissions on /etc/group are configured
The /etc/group file contains a list of all the valid groups defined in the system. The command below allows read/write access for root and read access for everyone else.
The /etc/group file needs to be protected from unauthorized changes by non-privileged users, but needs to be readable as this information is used with many non-privileged programs.
Run the following command to set permissions on /etc/group :
# chown root:root /etc/group
# chmod u-x,go-wx /etc/group
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.4_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgroup_are_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.887+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456059"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456059">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456059"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/group exists and is owned by 0:0 and does not have permissions --x-wx-wx</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/group</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>group</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>regular</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676829402</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676829401</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676829401</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>975</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation, use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage them. Subcontrol: 16.4 Label: Encrypt or Hash all Authentication Credentials Description: Encrypt or hash with a salt all authentication credentials when stored.
6.1.5 Ensure permissions on /etc/group- are configured
The /etc/group- file contains a backup list of all the valid groups defined in the system.
It is critical to ensure that the /etc/group- file is protected from unauthorized access. Although it is protected by default, the file permissions could be changed either inadvertently or through malicious actions.
Run the following command to set permissions on /etc/group- :
# chown root:root /etc/group-
# chmod u-x,go-wx /etc/group-
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.5_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgroup-_are_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.887+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456066"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456066">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456066"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/group- exists and is owned by 0:0 and does not have permissions --x-wx-wx</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/group-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>group-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>regular</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676808091</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676829401</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676808091</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>959</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation, use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage them. Subcontrol: 16.4 Label: Encrypt or Hash all Authentication Credentials Description: Encrypt or hash with a salt all authentication credentials when stored.
6.1.6 Ensure permissions on /etc/shadow are configured
The /etc/shadow file is used to store the information about user accounts that is critical to the security of those accounts, such as the hashed password and other security information.
If attackers can gain read access to the /etc/shadow file, they can easily run a password cracking program against the hashed password to break it. Other security information that is stored in the /etc/shadow file (such as expiration) could also be useful to subvert the user accounts.
Run one of the following commands to set ownership of /etc/shadow to root and group to either root or shadow :
# chown root:root /etc/shadow
# chown root:shadow /etc/shadow
Run the following command to remove excess permissions form /etc/shadow :
# chmod u-x,g-wx,o-rwx /etc/shadow
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.6_Ensure_permissions_on_etcshadow_are_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.887+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456074"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456074">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456074"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/shadow exists and is owned by user 0 and does not have permissions --x-wxrwx</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/shadow</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>shadow</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>regular</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>42</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676808788</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676808787</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676808787</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1118</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation, use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage them. Subcontrol: 16.4 Label: Encrypt or Hash all Authentication Credentials Description: Encrypt or hash with a salt all authentication credentials when stored.
6.1.7 Ensure permissions on /etc/shadow- are configured
The /etc/shadow- file is used to store backup information about user accounts that is critical to the security of those accounts, such as the hashed password and other security information.
It is critical to ensure that the /etc/shadow- file is protected from unauthorized access. Although it is protected by default, the file permissions could be changed either inadvertently or through malicious actions.
Run one of the following commands to set ownership of /etc/shadow- to root and group to either root or shadow :
# chown root:root /etc/shadow-
# chown root:shadow /etc/shadow-
Run the following command to remove excess permissions form /etc/shadow- :
# chmod u-x,g-wx,o-rwx /etc/shadow-
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.7_Ensure_permissions_on_etcshadow-_are_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.887+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456082"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456082">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456082"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/shadow- exists and is owned by user 0 and does not have permissions --xrwxrwx</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/shadow-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>shadow-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>regular</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>42</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676808155</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676808091</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676808091</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1013</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation, use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage them. Subcontrol: 16.4 Label: Encrypt or Hash all Authentication Credentials Description: Encrypt or hash with a salt all authentication credentials when stored.
6.1.8 Ensure permissions on /etc/gshadow are configured
The /etc/gshadow file is used to store the information about groups that is critical to the security of those accounts, such as the hashed password and other security information.
If attackers can gain read access to the /etc/gshadow file, they can easily run a password cracking program against the hashed password to break it. Other security information that is stored in the /etc/gshadow file (such as group administrators) could also be useful to subvert the group.
Run one of the following commands to set ownership of /etc/gshadow to root and group to either root or shadow :
# chown root:root /etc/gshadow
# chown root:shadow /etc/gshadow
Run the following command to remove excess permissions form /etc/gshadow :
# chmod u-x,g-wx,o-rwx /etc/gshadow
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.8_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgshadow_are_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.887+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456088"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456088">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456088"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/gshadow exists and is owned by user 0 and does not have permissions --x-wxrwx</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/gshadow</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>gshadow</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>regular</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>42</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676829401</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676829401</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676829401</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>820</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation, use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage them. Subcontrol: 16.4 Label: Encrypt or Hash all Authentication Credentials Description: Encrypt or hash with a salt all authentication credentials when stored.
6.1.9 Ensure permissions on /etc/gshadow- are configured
The /etc/gshadow- file is used to store backup information about groups that is critical to the security of those accounts, such as the hashed password and other security information.
It is critical to ensure that the /etc/gshadow- file is protected from unauthorized access. Although it is protected by default, the file permissions could be changed either inadvertently or through malicious actions.
Run one of the following commands to set ownership of /etc/gshadow- to root and group to either root or shadow :
# chown root:root /etc/gshadow-
# chown root:shadow /etc/gshadow-
Run the following command to remove excess permissions form /etc/gshadow- :
# chmod u-x,g-wx,o-rwx /etc/gshadow-
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.9_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgshadow-_are_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.887+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456095"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456095">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456095"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/gshadow- exists and is owned by user 0 and does not have permissions --x-wxrwx SUID SGID sticky</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/gshadow-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>gshadow-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>regular</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>42</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676808155</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676829401</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1676808091</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>808</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation, use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage them. Subcontrol: 16.4 Label: Encrypt or Hash all Authentication Credentials Description: Encrypt or hash with a salt all authentication credentials when stored.
6.1.10 Ensure no world writable files exist
Unix-based systems support variable settings to control access to files. World writable files are the least secure. See the chmod(2) man page for more information.
Data in world-writable files can be modified and compromised by any user on the system. World writable files may also indicate an incorrectly written script or program that could potentially be the cause of a larger compromise to the system's integrity.
Removing write access for the "other" category ( chmod o-w <filename> ) is advisable, but always consult relevant vendor documentation to avoid breaking any application dependencies on a given file.
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.10_Ensure_no_world_writable_files_exist"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.887+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/world_writable_files.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/world_writable_files.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\world_writable_files.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>World-Writable file /snap/google-cloud-cli/105/platform/gsutil.textproto</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/world_writable_files.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>World-Writable file /snap/google-cloud-cli/105/platform/gsutil.textproto</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification. Subcontrol: 14.6 Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
6.1.11 Ensure no unowned files or directories exist
Sometimes when administrators delete users from the password file they neglect to remove all files owned by those users from the system.
A new user who is assigned the deleted user's user ID or group ID may then end up "owning" these files, and thus have more access on the system than was intended.
Locate files that are owned by users or groups not listed in the system configuration files, and reset the ownership of these files to some active user on the system as appropriate.
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.11_Ensure_no_unowned_files_or_directories_exist"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.887+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/13/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/no_unowned_files_and_directories.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/no_unowned_files_and_directories.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\no_unowned_files_and_directories.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out/>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/no_unowned_files_and_directories.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No output lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 13: Data Protection: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to prevent data exfiltration, mitigate the effects of exfiltrated data, and ensure the privacy and integrity of sensitive information. Subcontrol: 13.2 Label: Remove Sensitive Data or Systems Not Regularly Accessed by Organization Description: Remove sensitive data or systems not regularly accessed by the organization from the network. These systems shall only be used as stand alone systems (disconnected from the network) by the business unit needing to occasionally use the system or completely virtualized and powered off until needed.
6.1.12 Ensure no ungrouped files or directories exist
Sometimes when administrators delete users or groups from the system they neglect to remove all files owned by those users or groups.
A new user who is assigned the deleted user's user ID or group ID may then end up "owning" these files, and thus have more access on the system than was intended.
Locate files that are owned by users or groups not listed in the system configuration files, and reset the ownership of these files to some active user on the system as appropriate.
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.12_Ensure_no_ungrouped_files_or_directories_exist"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.887+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/13/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/no_ungrouped_files_and_directories.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/no_ungrouped_files_and_directories.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\no_ungrouped_files_and_directories.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out/>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/no_ungrouped_files_and_directories.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No output lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 13: Data Protection: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to prevent data exfiltration, mitigate the effects of exfiltrated data, and ensure the privacy and integrity of sensitive information. Subcontrol: 13.2 Label: Remove Sensitive Data or Systems Not Regularly Accessed by Organization Description: Remove sensitive data or systems not regularly accessed by the organization from the network. These systems shall only be used as stand alone systems (disconnected from the network) by the business unit needing to occasionally use the system or completely virtualized and powered off until needed.
6.1.13 Audit SUID executables
The owner of a file can set the file's permissions to run with the owner's or group's permissions, even if the user running the program is not the owner or a member of the group. The most common reason for a SUID program is to enable users to perform functions (such as changing their password) that require root privileges.
There are valid reasons for SUID programs, but it is important to identify and review such programs to ensure they are legitimate.
Ensure that no rogue SUID programs have been introduced into the system. Review the files returned by the action in the Audit section and confirm the integrity of these binaries.
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.13_Audit_SUID_executables"
role="unscored"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.887+02:00"
version="1"
weight="0.0">
<xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
6.1.14 Audit SGID executables
The owner of a file can set the file's permissions to run with the owner's or group's permissions, even if the user running the program is not the owner or a member of the group. The most common reason for a SGID program is to enable users to perform functions (such as changing their password) that require root privileges.
There are valid reasons for SGID programs, but it is important to identify and review such programs to ensure they are legitimate. Review the files returned by the action in the audit section and check to see if system binaries have a different md5 checksum than what from the package. This is an indication that the binary may have been replaced.
Ensure that no rogue SGID programs have been introduced into the system. Review the files returned by the action in the Audit section and confirm the integrity of these binaries.
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.14_Audit_SGID_executables"
role="unscored"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.887+02:00"
version="1"
weight="0.0">
<xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
6.2 User and Group Settings
This section provides guidance on securing aspects of the users and groups.
Note: The recommendations in this section check local users and groups. Any users or groups from other sources such as LDAP will not be audited. In a domain environment similar checks should be performed against domain users and groups.
6.2.1 Ensure accounts in /etc/passwd use shadowed passwords
Local accounts can uses shadowed passwords. With shadowed passwords, The passwords are saved in shadow password file, /etc/shadow , encrypted by a salted one-way hash. Accounts with a shadowed password have an x in the second field in /etc/passwd .
The /etc/passwd file also contains information like user ID's and group ID's that are used by many system programs. Therefore, the /etc/passwd file must remain world readable. In spite of encoding the password with a randomly-generated one-way hash function, an attacker could still break the system if they got access to the /etc/passwd file. This can be mitigated by using shadowed passwords, thus moving the passwords in the /etc/passwd file to /etc/shadow . The /etc/shadow file is set so only root will be able to read and write. This helps mitigate the risk of an attacker gaining access to the encoded passwords with which to perform a dictionary attack.
Notes:
- All accounts must have passwords or be locked to prevent the account from being used by an unauthorized user.
- A user account with an empty second field in /etc/passwd allows the account to be logged into by providing only the username.
Run the following command to set accounts to use shadowed passwords:
# sed -e 's/^\([a-zA-Z0-9_]*\):[^:]*:/\1:x:/' -i /etc/passwd
Investigate to determine if the account is logged in and what it is being used for, to determine if it needs to be forced off.
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.1_Ensure_accounts_in_etcpasswd_use_shadowed_passwords"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.888+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456130"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456130">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456130"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/passwd exists and matches pattern ^\s*[^:]+:[^x:]*:[^:]*:[^:]*:[^:]*:[^:]*:[^:]*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment, and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. Subcontrol: 4.4 Label: Use Unique Passwords Description: Where multi-factor authentication is not supported (such as local administrator, root, or service accounts), accounts will use passwords that are unique to that system.
6.2.2 Ensure password fields are not empty
An account with an empty password field means that anybody may log in as that user without providing a password.
All accounts must have passwords or be locked to prevent the account from being used by an unauthorized user.
If any accounts in the /etc/shadow file do not have a password, run the following command to lock the account until it can be determined why it does not have a password:
# passwd -l <username>
Also, check to see if the account is logged in and investigate what it is being used for to determine if it needs to be forced off.
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.2_Ensure_password_fields_are_not_empty"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.888+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1456138"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1456138_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456138"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456138">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456138"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure usernames pattern match .+ have shadow parameter password Pattern Match .+ (string)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shadow Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Username</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>daemon</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Password</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Lst</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>19401</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Allow</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Req</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>99999</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Warn</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Inact</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Date</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Flag</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Encrypt Method</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>DES</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shadow Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Username</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>lxd</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Password</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>!</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Lst</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>19407</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Allow</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Req</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Warn</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Inact</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Date</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Flag</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Encrypt Method</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>DES</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shadow Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Username</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>_chrony</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Password</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Lst</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>19401</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Allow</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Req</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>99999</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Warn</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Inact</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Date</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Flag</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Encrypt Method</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>DES</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shadow Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Username</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>gnats</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Password</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Lst</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>19401</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Allow</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Req</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>99999</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Warn</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Inact</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Date</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Flag</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Encrypt Method</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>DES</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shadow Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Username</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>systemd-network</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Password</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Lst</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>19401</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Allow</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Req</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>99999</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Warn</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Inact</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Date</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Flag</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Encrypt Method</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>DES</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shadow Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Username</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>tcpdump</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Password</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Lst</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>19401</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Allow</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Req</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>99999</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Warn</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Inact</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Date</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Flag</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Encrypt Method</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>DES</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shadow Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Username</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>sync</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Password</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Lst</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>19401</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Allow</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Req</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>99999</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Warn</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Inact</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Date</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Flag</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Encrypt Method</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>DES</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shadow Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Username</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>postfix</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Password</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Lst</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>19407</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Allow</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Req</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>99999</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Warn</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Inact</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Date</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Flag</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Encrypt Method</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>DES</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shadow Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Username</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>lp</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Password</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Lst</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>19401</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Allow</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Req</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>99999</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Warn</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Inact</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Date</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Flag</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Encrypt Method</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>DES</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shadow Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Username</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>nobody</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Password</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Lst</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>19401</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Allow</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Req</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>99999</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Warn</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Inact</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Date</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Flag</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Encrypt Method</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>DES</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shadow Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Username</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>fwupd-refresh</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Password</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Lst</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>19401</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Allow</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Req</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>99999</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Warn</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Inact</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Date</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Flag</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Encrypt Method</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>DES</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shadow Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Username</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>mail</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Password</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Lst</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>19401</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Allow</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Req</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>99999</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Warn</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Inact</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Date</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Flag</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Encrypt Method</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>DES</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shadow Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Username</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>sshd</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Password</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Lst</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>19401</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Allow</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Req</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>99999</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Warn</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Inact</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Date</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Flag</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Encrypt Method</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>DES</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shadow Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Username</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>irc</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Password</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Lst</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>19401</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Allow</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Req</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>99999</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Warn</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Inact</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Date</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Flag</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Encrypt Method</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>DES</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shadow Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Username</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>man</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Password</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Lst</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>19401</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Allow</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Req</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>99999</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Warn</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Inact</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Date</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Flag</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Encrypt Method</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>DES</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shadow Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Username</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>backup</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Password</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Lst</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>19401</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Allow</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Req</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>99999</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Warn</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Inact</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Date</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Flag</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Encrypt Method</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>DES</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shadow Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Username</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>systemd-timesync</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Password</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Lst</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>19401</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Allow</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Req</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>99999</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Warn</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Inact</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Date</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Flag</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Encrypt Method</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>DES</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shadow Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Username</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ubuntu</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Password</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>!</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Lst</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>19407</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Allow</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Req</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>99999</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Warn</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Inact</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Date</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Flag</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Encrypt Method</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>DES</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shadow Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Username</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>www-data</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Password</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Lst</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>19401</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Allow</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Req</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>99999</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Warn</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Inact</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Date</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Flag</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Encrypt Method</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>DES</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shadow Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Username</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>messagebus</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Password</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Lst</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>19401</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Allow</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Req</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>99999</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Warn</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Inact</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Date</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Flag</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Encrypt Method</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>DES</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shadow Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Username</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>root</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Password</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>$6$[OBFUSCATED HASHED PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Lst</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>19407</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Allow</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Req</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>99999</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Warn</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Inact</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Date</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Flag</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Encrypt Method</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>SHA-512</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shadow Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Username</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>syslog</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Password</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Lst</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>19401</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Allow</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Req</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>99999</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Warn</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Inact</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Date</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Flag</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Encrypt Method</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>DES</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shadow Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Username</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>proxy</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Password</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Lst</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>19401</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Allow</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Req</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>99999</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Warn</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Inact</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Date</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Flag</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Encrypt Method</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>DES</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shadow Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Username</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>sys</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Password</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Lst</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>19401</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Allow</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Req</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>99999</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Warn</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Inact</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Date</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Flag</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Encrypt Method</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>DES</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shadow Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Username</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>landscape</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Password</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Lst</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>19401</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Allow</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Req</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>99999</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Warn</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Inact</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Date</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Flag</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Encrypt Method</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>DES</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shadow Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Username</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>uuidd</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Password</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Lst</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>19401</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Allow</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Req</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>99999</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Warn</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Inact</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Date</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Flag</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Encrypt Method</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>DES</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shadow Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Username</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>systemd-resolve</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Password</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Lst</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>19401</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Allow</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Req</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>99999</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Warn</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Inact</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Date</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Flag</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Encrypt Method</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>DES</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shadow Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Username</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>bin</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Password</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Lst</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>19401</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Allow</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Req</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>99999</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Warn</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Inact</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Date</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Flag</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Encrypt Method</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>DES</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shadow Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Username</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>_apt</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Password</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Lst</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>19401</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Allow</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Req</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>99999</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Warn</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Inact</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Date</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Flag</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Encrypt Method</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>DES</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shadow Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Username</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>systemd-coredump</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Password</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>!!</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Lst</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>19407</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Allow</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Req</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Warn</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Inact</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Date</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Flag</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Encrypt Method</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>DES</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shadow Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Username</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>list</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Password</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Lst</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>19401</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Allow</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Req</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>99999</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Warn</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Inact</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Date</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Flag</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Encrypt Method</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>DES</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shadow Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Username</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>pollinate</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Password</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Lst</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>19401</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Allow</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Req</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>99999</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Warn</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Inact</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Date</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Flag</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Encrypt Method</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>DES</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shadow Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Username</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>games</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Password</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Lst</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>19401</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Allow</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Req</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>99999</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Warn</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Inact</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Date</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Flag</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Encrypt Method</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>DES</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shadow Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Username</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>news</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Password</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Lst</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>19401</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Allow</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Req</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>99999</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Warn</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Inact</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Date</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Flag</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Encrypt Method</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>DES</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shadow Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Username</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>tss</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Password</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Lst</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>19401</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Allow</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Req</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>99999</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Warn</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Inact</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Date</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Flag</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Encrypt Method</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>DES</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Shadow Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Username</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>uucp</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Password</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Lst</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>19401</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Allow</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chg Req</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>99999</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Warn</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Inact</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exp Date</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Flag</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Encrypt Method</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>DES</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment, and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. Subcontrol: 4.4 Label: Use Unique Passwords Description: Where multi-factor authentication is not supported (such as local administrator, root, or service accounts), accounts will use passwords that are unique to that system.
6.2.3 Ensure all groups in /etc/passwd exist in /etc/group
Over time, system administration errors and changes can lead to groups being defined in /etc/passwd but not in /etc/group .
Groups defined in the /etc/passwd file but not in the /etc/group file pose a threat to system security since group permissions are not properly managed.
Analyze the output of the Audit step above and perform the appropriate action to correct any discrepancies found.
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.3_Ensure_all_groups_in_etcpasswd_exist_in_etcgroup"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.888+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/7"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/etc_group_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/etc_group_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\etc_group_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>All groups in /etc/passwd exist in /etc/group</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/etc_group_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>All groups in /etc/passwd exist in /etc/group</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation, use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage them. Subcontrol: 16.6 Label: Maintain an Inventory of Accounts Description: Maintain an inventory of all accounts organized by authentication system. - Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation, use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage them. Subcontrol: 16.7 Label: Establish Process for Revoking Access Description: Establish and follow an automated process for revoking system access by disabling accounts immediately upon termination or change of responsibilities of an employee or contractor . Disabling these accounts, instead of deleting accounts, allows preservation of audit trails. - Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation, use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage them. Subcontrol: 16.8 Label: Disable Any Unassociated Accounts Description: Disable any account that cannot be associated with a business process or business owner.
6.2.4 Ensure all users' home directories exist
Users can be defined in /etc/passwd without a home directory or with a home directory that does not actually exist.
Note: The audit script checks all users with interactive shells except halt , sync , shutdown , and nfsnobody
If the user's home directory does not exist or is unassigned, the user will be placed in "/" and will not be able to write any files or have local environment variables set.
If any users' home directories do not exist, create them and make sure the respective user owns the directory. Users without an assigned home directory should be removed or assigned a home directory as appropriate.
The following script will create a home directory for users with an interactive shell whose home directory doesn't exist:
#!/bin/bash
awk -F: '($1!~/(halt|sync|shutdown|nfsnobody)/ && $7!~/^(\/usr)?\/sbin\/nologin(\/)?$/
&& $7!~/(\/usr)?\/bin\/false(\/)?$/) { print $1 " " $6 }' /etc/passwd | while read
-r user dir; do
if [ ! -d "$dir" ]; then
mkdir "$dir"
chmod g-w,o-wrx "$dir"
chown "$user" "$dir"
fi
done
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.4_Ensure_all_users_home_directories_exist"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.888+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/users_home_exist.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/users_home_exist.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\users_home_exist.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>Passed. All users have a home directory</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/users_home_exist.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>Passed. All users have a home directory</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
6.2.5 Ensure users own their home directories
The user home directory is space defined for the particular user to set local environment variables and to store personal files.
Since the user is accountable for files stored in the user home directory, the user must be the owner of the directory.
Change the ownership of any home directories that are not owned by the defined user to the correct user.
The following script will create missing home directories, set the owner, and set the permissions for interactive users' home directories:
#!/bin/bash
awk -F: '($1!~/(halt|sync|shutdown)/ && $7!~/^(\/usr)?\/sbin\/nologin(\/)?$/ && $7!~/(\/usr)?\/bin\/false(\/)?$/)
{ print $1 " " $6 }' | while read -r user dir; do
if [ ! -d "$dir" ]; then
echo "User: \"$user\" home directory: \"$dir\" does not exist, creating home directory"
mkdir "$dir"
chmod g-w,o-rwx "$dir"
chown "$user" "$dir"
else
owner=$(stat -L -c "%U" "$dir")
if [ "$owner" != "$user" ]; then
chmod g-w,o-rwx "$dir"
chown "$user" "$dir"
fi
fi
done
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.5_Ensure_users_own_their_home_directories"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.888+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/users_own_home_directory.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/users_own_home_directory.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\users_own_home_directory.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>Passed. All users own their home directory</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/users_own_home_directory.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>Passed. All users own their home directory</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification. Subcontrol: 14.6 Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
6.2.6 Ensure users' home directories permissions are 750 or more restrictive
While the system administrator can establish secure permissions for users' home directories, the users can easily override these.
Group or world-writable user home directories may enable malicious users to steal or modify other users' data or to gain another user's system privileges.
Making global modifications to user home directories without alerting the user community can result in unexpected outages and unhappy users. Therefore, it is recommended that a monitoring policy be established to report user file permissions and determine the action to be taken in accordance with site policy.
The following script can be used to remove permissions is excess of 750 from users' home directories:
#!/bin/bash
awk -F: '($1!~/(halt|sync|shutdown)/ && $7!~/^(\/usr)?\/sbin\/nologin(\/)?$/ && $7!~/(\/usr)?\/bin\/false(\/)?$/)
{print $6}' /etc/passwd | while read -r dir; do
if [ -d "$dir" ]; then
dirperm=$(stat -L -c "%A" "$dir")
if [ "$(echo "$dirperm" | cut -c6)" != "-" ] || [ "$(echo "$dirperm" | cut -c8)" !=
"-" ] || [ "$(echo "$dirperm" | cut -c9)" != "-" ] || [ "$(echo "$dirperm" | cut -c10)"
!= "-" ]; then
chmod g-w,o-rwx "$dir"
fi
fi
done
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.6_Ensure_users_home_directories_permissions_are_750_or_more_restrictive"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.888+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/users_home_permissions.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/users_home_permissions.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\users_home_permissions.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>Passed. All users' home directory permissions are "750" or more restrictive</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/users_home_permissions.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>Passed. All users' home directory permissions are "750" or more restrictive</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification. Subcontrol: 14.6 Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
6.2.7 Ensure users' dot files are not group or world writable
While the system administrator can establish secure permissions for users' "dot" files, the users can easily override these.
Group or world-writable user configuration files may enable malicious users to steal or modify other users' data or to gain another user's system privileges.
Making global modifications to users' files without alerting the user community can result in unexpected outages and unhappy users. Therefore, it is recommended that a monitoring policy be established to report user dot file permissions and determine the action to be taken in accordance with site policy.
The following script will remove excessive permissions on dot files within interactive users' home directories.
#!/bin/bash
awk -F: '($1!~/(halt|sync|shutdown)/ && $7!~/^(\/usr)?\/sbin\/nologin(\/)?$/ && $7!~/(\/usr)?\/bin\/false(\/)?$/)
{ print $1 " " $6 }' | while read -r user dir; do
if [ -d "$dir" ]; then
for file in "$dir"/.*; do
if [ ! -h "$file" ] && [ -f "$file" ]; then
fileperm=$(stat -L -c "%A" "$file")
if [ "$(echo "$fileperm" | cut -c6)" != "-" ] || [ "$(echo "$fileperm" | cut -c9)"
!= "-" ]; then
chmod go-w "$file"
fi
fi
done
fi
done
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.7_Ensure_users_dot_files_are_not_group_or_world_writable"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.888+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/users_dot_files_perm_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/users_dot_files_perm_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\users_dot_files_perm_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>Passed: All users' dot files are not group or world writable</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/users_dot_files_perm_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>Passed: All users' dot files are not group or world writable</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification. Subcontrol: 14.6 Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
6.2.8 Ensure no users have .netrc files
The .netrc file contains data for logging into a remote host for file transfers via FTP.
While the system administrator can establish secure permissions for users' .netrc files, the users can easily override these.
Note: While the complete removal of .netrc files is recommended, if any are required on the system secure permissions must be applied.
The .netrc file presents a significant security risk since it stores passwords in unencrypted form. Even if FTP is disabled, user accounts may have brought over .netrc files from other systems which could pose a risk to those systems.
If a .netrc file is required, and follows local site policy, it should have permissions of 600 or more restrictive.
Making global modifications to users' files without alerting the user community can result in unexpected outages and unhappy users. Therefore, it is recommended that a monitoring policy be established to report user .netrc file permissions and determine the action to be taken in accordance with local site policy.
The following script will remove .netrc files from interactive users' home directories
#!/bin/bash
awk -F: '($1!~/(halt|sync|shutdown)/ && $7!~/^(\/usr)?\/sbin\/nologin(\/)?$/ && $7!~/(\/usr)?\/bin\/false(\/)?$/)
{ print $6 }' /etc/passwd | while read -r dir; do
if [ -d "$dir" ]; then
file="$dir/.netrc"
[ ! -h "$file" ] && [ -f "$file" ] && rm -f "$file"
fi
done
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.8_Ensure_no_users_have_.netrc_files"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.888+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/users_netrc_file_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/users_netrc_file_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\users_netrc_file_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>Passed: All users' .netrc files are "600" or more restrictive</l>
<l>WARNING: </l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/users_netrc_file_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>Passed: All users' .netrc files are "600" or more restrictive</li>
<li>WARNING: </li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification. Subcontrol: 14.6 Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
6.2.9 Ensure no users have .forward files
The .forward file specifies an email address to forward the user's mail to.
Use of the .forward file poses a security risk in that sensitive data may be inadvertently transferred outside the organization. The .forward file also poses a risk as it can be used to execute commands that may perform unintended actions.
Making global modifications to users' files without alerting the user community can result in unexpected outages and unhappy users. Therefore, it is recommended that a monitoring policy be established to report user .forward files and determine the action to be taken in accordance with site policy.
The following script will remove .forward files from interactive users' home directories
#!/bin/bash
awk -F: '($1!~/(root|halt|sync|shutdown)/ && $7!~/^(\/usr)?\/sbin\/nologin(\/)?$/
&& $7!~/(\/usr)?\/bin\/false(\/)?$/) { print $6 }' /etc/passwd | while read -r dir;
do
if [ -d "$dir" ]; then
file="$dir/.forward"
[ ! -h "$file" ] && [ -f "$file" ] && rm -r "$file"
fi
done
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.9_Ensure_no_users_have_.forward_files"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.888+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1456183_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/users_dot_files_exist.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/users_dot_files_exist.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\users_dot_files_exist.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>Passed: No ".forward" file exist in users' home directories</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">.forward</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/users_dot_files_exist.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>Passed: No ".forward" file exist in users' home directories</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
6.2.10 Ensure no users have .rhosts files
While no .rhosts files are shipped by default, users can easily create them.
This action is only meaningful if .rhosts support is permitted in the file /etc/pam.conf . Even though the .rhosts files are ineffective if support is disabled in /etc/pam.conf , they may have been brought over from other systems and could contain information useful to an attacker for those other systems.
Making global modifications to users' files without alerting the user community can result in unexpected outages and unhappy users. Therefore, it is recommended that a monitoring policy be established to report user .rhosts files and determine the action to be taken in accordance with site policy.
The following script will remove .rhosts files from interactive users' home directories
#!/bin/bash
awk -F: '($1!~/(root|halt|sync|shutdown)/ && $7!~/^(\/usr)?\/sbin\/nologin(\/)?$/
&& $7!~/(\/usr)?\/bin\/false(\/)?$/) { print $6 }' /etc/passwd | while read -r dir;
do
if [ -d "$dir" ]; then
file="$dir/.rhosts"
[ ! -h "$file" ] && [ -f "$file" ] && rm -r "$file"
fi
done
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.10_Ensure_no_users_have_.rhosts_files"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.888+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_1456188_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/users_dot_files_exist.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/users_dot_files_exist.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\users_dot_files_exist.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>Passed: No ".rhosts" file exist in users' home directories</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env>
<e name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX">.rhosts</e>
</env>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/users_dot_files_exist.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>Passed: No ".rhosts" file exist in users' home directories</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation, use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage them. Subcontrol: 16.4 Label: Encrypt or Hash all Authentication Credentials Description: Encrypt or hash with a salt all authentication credentials when stored.
6.2.11 Ensure root is the only UID 0 account
Any account with UID 0 has superuser privileges on the system.
This access must be limited to only the default root account and only from the system console. Administrative access must be through an unprivileged account using an approved mechanism as noted in Item 5.6 Ensure access to the su command is restricted.
Remove any users other than root with UID 0 or assign them a new UID if appropriate.
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.11_Ensure_root_is_the_only_UID_0_account"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.888+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456194"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456194">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456194"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/passwd exists and does not match pattern ^(?!root:)[^:]*:[^:]*:0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment, and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. Subcontrol: 4.6 Label: Use of Dedicated Machines For All Administrative Tasks Description: Ensure administrators use a dedicated machine for all administrative tasks or tasks requiring administrative access. This machine will be segmented from the organization's primary network and not be allowed Internet access. This machine will not be used for reading e-mail, composing documents, or browsing the Internet.
6.2.12 Ensure root PATH Integrity
The root user can execute any command on the system and could be fooled into executing programs unintentionally if the PATH is not set correctly.
Including the current working directory (.) or other writable directory in root 's executable path makes it likely that an attacker can gain superuser access by forcing an administrator operating as root to execute a Trojan horse program.
Correct or justify any items discovered in the Audit step.
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.12_Ensure_root_PATH_Integrity"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.888+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/root_path.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/root_path.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\root_path.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/root_path.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. Subcontrol: 5.1 Label: Establish Secure Configurations Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
6.2.13 Ensure no duplicate UIDs exist
Although the useradd program will not let you create a duplicate User ID (UID), it is possible for an administrator to manually edit the /etc/passwd file and change the UID field.
Users must be assigned unique UIDs for accountability and to ensure appropriate access protections.
Based on the results of the audit script, establish unique UIDs and review all files owned by the shared UIDs to determine which UID they are supposed to belong to.
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.13_Ensure_no_duplicate_UIDs_exist"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.889+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456204"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456204">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456204"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Linux Custom Object "Check For Duplicate UIDs"</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Variable Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Var Ref</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1456204</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>36</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation, use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage them.
6.2.14 Ensure no duplicate GIDs exist
Although the groupadd program will not let you create a duplicate Group ID (GID), it is possible for an administrator to manually edit the /etc/group file and change the GID field.
User groups must be assigned unique GIDs for accountability and to ensure appropriate access protections.
Based on the results of the audit script, establish unique GIDs and review all files owned by the shared GID to determine which group they are supposed to belong to.
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.14_Ensure_no_duplicate_GIDs_exist"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.889+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456210"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456210">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456210"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Linux Custom Object "Check For Duplicate GIDs"</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Variable Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Var Ref</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1456210</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>66</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation, use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage them.
6.2.15 Ensure no duplicate user names exist
Although the useradd program will not let you create a duplicate user name, it is possible for an administrator to manually edit the /etc/passwd file and change the user name.
If a user is assigned a duplicate user name, it will create and have access to files with the first UID for that username in /etc/passwd . For example, if "test4" has a UID of 1000 and a subsequent "test4" entry has a UID of 2000, logging in as "test4" will use UID 1000. Effectively, the UID is shared, which is a security problem.
Based on the results of the audit script, establish unique user names for the users. File ownerships will automatically reflect the change as long as the users have unique UIDs.
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.15_Ensure_no_duplicate_user_names_exist"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.889+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456216"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456216">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456216"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Linux Custom Object "Check For Duplicate User Names"</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Variable Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Var Ref</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1456216</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>36</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation, use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage them.
6.2.16 Ensure no duplicate group names exist
Although the groupadd program will not let you create a duplicate group name, it is possible for an administrator to manually edit the /etc/group file and change the group name.
If a group is assigned a duplicate group name, it will create and have access to files with the first GID for that group in /etc/group . Effectively, the GID is shared, which is a security problem.
Based on the results of the audit script, establish unique names for the user groups. File group ownerships will automatically reflect the change as long as the groups have unique GIDs.
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.16_Ensure_no_duplicate_group_names_exist"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.889+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456220"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1456220">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1456220"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Linux Custom Object "Check For Duplicate Group Names"</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Variable Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Var Ref</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:1456220</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>66</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation, use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage them.
6.2.17 Ensure shadow group is empty
The shadow group allows system programs which require access the ability to read the /etc/shadow file. No users should be assigned to the shadow group.
Any users assigned to the shadow group would be granted read access to the /etc/shadow file. If attackers can gain read access to the /etc/shadow file, they can easily run a password cracking program against the hashed passwords to break them. Other security information that is stored in the /etc/shadow file (such as expiration) could also be useful to subvert additional user accounts.
Run the following command to remove all users from the shadow group
# sed -ri 's/(^shadow:[^:]*:[^:]*:)([^:]+$)/\1/' /etc/group
Change the primary group of any users with shadow as their primary group.
# usermod -g <primary group> <user>
| AND |
|
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.17_Ensure_shadow_group_is_empty"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2023-02-19T20:06:22.889+02:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1533207"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:1533207">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:1533207"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/group exists and matches pattern ^shadow:[^:]*:[^:]*:[^:]+$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_user_shadow_primary_group_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_user_shadow_primary_group_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="D:\CisCatLite\CIS-CAT-Lite-v4.26.0\Assessor\sce\nix_user_shadow_primary_group_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>PASSED: No users have group shadow as their primary group</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_user_shadow_primary_group_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>PASSED: No users have group shadow as their primary group</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
CIS Control Information Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification. Subcontrol: 14.6 Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.